How to Express Implicit Attitudes

Philosophical Quarterly 74 (1):251-272 (2024)
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Abstract

I argue that what speakers mean or express can be determined by their implicit or unconscious states, rather than explicit or conscious states. Further, on this basis, I show that the sincerity conditions for utterances can also be fixed by implicit states. This is a surprising result which goes against common assumptions about speech acts and sincerity. Roughly, I argue that the result is implied by two plausible and independent theories of the metaphysics of speaker meaning and, further, that this is a robust basis on which to make an inference, with a fair degree of confidence, about the relationship between expression and implicit attitudes.

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Elmar Unnsteinsson
University College Dublin

Citations of this work

Talking about: a response to Bowker, Keiser, Michaelson.Elmar Unnsteinsson - 2024 - Inquiry: An Interdisciplinary Journal of Philosophy 67 (8):2815-2845.

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References found in this work

How to do things with words.John L. Austin - 1962 - Oxford [Eng.]: Clarendon Press. Edited by Marina Sbisá & J. O. Urmson.
Rules and representations.Noam Chomsky (ed.) - 1980 - New York: Columbia University Press.

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