Adaptive misbeliefs are pervasive, but the case for positive illusions is weak

Behavioral and Brain Sciences 32 (6):539-540 (2009)
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Abstract

It is a foundational prediction of evolutionary theory that human beliefs accurately approximate reality only insofar as accurate beliefs enhance fitness. Otherwise, adaptive misbeliefs will prevail. Unlike McKay & Dennett (M&D), we think that adaptive belief systems rely heavily upon misbeliefs. However, the case for positive illusions as an example of adaptive misbelief is weak

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