Osoba odnosno osobni identitet kao izvorno filozofski pojmovi nalaze primjenu i u medicinskim diskursima. Usto se njihova tumačenja ne izvode isključivo iz historijskog konteksta filozofijskih i teologijskih predodžbi, već poprimaju etičku dimenziju na razini ljudskog ponašanja. Njihovo osebujno značenje dosežu u interakciji između liječnika i pacijenta, interakciji koja se manifestira u tjelesno-fenomenalnoj interpretaciji personaliteta: isti se proteže od autonomije i svojevoljnosti refleksivno ustrojene svijesti do prividne disocijacije tijela i osobe u okviru pojma moždane smrti. Razumijevanje čovjeka kao osobe pritom je (...) dio one antropološke paradigme koja u medicinskim kriznim situacijama predstavlja temelj etički opravdanog ophođenja s njime. Deficit izazvan gubitkom osobne autonomije time postaje smjernicom k onoj deficijentnoj tjelesnosti koju je medicina definirala kao predmet vlastita istraživanja.Person and personal identity, originally philosophical concepts, find its application also in medical discourses. Moreover, their interpretations are not derived exclusively from historical context of philosophical and theological ideas, but acquire an ethical dimension on the level of human behaviour. Their special meaning is obtained in the patient-physician interaction, which is manifested in the bodily-phenomenal interpretation of personality: this ranges from autonomy and purposiveness of a reflectively structured consciousness to the apparent dissociation of the body and the person in the concept of brain death. The understanding of the human being as person is thereby a part of the anthropological paradigm that presents the basis for ethically acceptable action in medical crisis situations. The deficiency caused by the loss of personal autonomy is therefore an indication of a deficient corporeality, which medicine has chosen as its research object..La personne et l’identité personnelle, en tant que concepts à l’origine philosophiques, trouvent également leur application dans les discours médicaux. Ce faisant leurs inteprétations ne sont pas tirées uniquement du contexte historique des représentations philosophiques et théologiques, mais gagnent une dimension éthique à l’échelle du comportement humain. Ils prennent leur signification particulière dans l’interaction entre le médecin et le patient, laquelle se manifeste dans l’interprétation physico-phénoménale de la personnalité : celle-ci s’étend de l’autonomie et de l’arbitraire d’une conscience organisée de manière réflexive jusqu’à la dissociation apparente du corps et de la personne dans le cadre de la notion de mort cérébrale. La compréhension de l’homme en tant que personne fait en même temps partie de ce paradigme anthropologique qui dans des situations médicales de crise représente la base d’un rapport avec lui éthiquement justifié. Le déficit subi par la perte de l’autonomie personnelle est ainsi également une indication de ce physique déficient que la médecine a désigné comme objet de sa recherche.Person und personale Identität finden als ursprünglich philosophische Begriffe auch in medizinischen Diskursen Anwendung. Dabei leiten sich ihre Deutungen nicht allein aus dem historischen Kontext philosophischer und theologischer Vorstellungen ab, sondern gewinnen eine ethische Dimension auf der Ebene menschlichen Verhaltens. Ihre besondere Bedeutung erlangen sie in der Auseinandersetzung zwischen Arzt und Patient, die sich in einer leiblich-phänomenalen Interpretation der Personalität offenbart: diese reicht von der Autonomie und Willentlichkeit eines reflexiven geordneten Bewusstseins bis zur scheinbaren Dissoziierung von Leib und Person im Begriff des Hirntodes. Das Verständnis des Menschen als Person ist dabei Teil jenes anthropologischen Paradigmas, das die Grundlage eines ethisch verantwortbaren Umganges mit diesem in medizinischen Krisensituationen darstellt. Der im Verlust personaler Autonomie erlebte Mangel ist damit auch ein Hinweis auf jene defiziente Leiblichkeit, welche sich die Medizin zum Forschungsgegenstand erkoren hat. (shrink)

The Historical Dictionary of Philosophy, the _Historisches Wörterbuch der Philosophie,_ is distinguished by its particular presentation of philosophical terms, ideas and concepts. Rather than providing mere defintions or descriptive and analytical explanantions the _HWPh_ strictly applies the critical method of history of concepts developed by the eminent German scholar and philosopher Joachim Ritter. By means of precise and detailed references it documents the origin, first occurrence, the historical evolution and the changes of meaning of each concept, from Ancient Greek (...) to contemporary philosophy. For the reader this presentation is of unique value: it makes traceable the importance of terms and concepts at certain periods or for a particular philosopher, as well as its changes and development of meaning. Voulmes 1–12 of the _HWPh_ comprises more than 17.000 text columns on 3.670 philosophical terms. The dictionary does not include articles on persons. Volume 13 includes, besides of a comprehensive introductory essay, three different indexes: - the Subject Index classifies the articles by disciplinary and systematic categories - the Main Index includes all philosophical keywords with more than 30.000 references to their occurrences in other articles and contexts - the Author Index lists all authors and their contributions The included CD-ROM allows full text research of the _HWPh's_ entire content. (shrink)

Darstellung des Inhalts -- Kommentar zum griechischen Text.

1. Bd. Lebensschöpfung und Vernunftfrevel.--2. Bd. Schmarotzerzüchtung und Erbopferung.--3. Bd. Nietzsche, der gerechtfertigye Seher. b.

The Historical Dictionary of Philosophy, the Historisches Wörterbuch der Philosophie (HWPh), is distinguished by its particular presentation of philosophical terms, ideas and concepts. Rather than providing mere defintions or descriptive and analytical explanantions the HWPh strictly applies the critical method of history of concepts developed by the eminent German scholar and philosopher Joachim Ritter. By means of precise and detailed references it documents the origin, first occurrence, the historical evolution and the changes of meaning of each concept, from Ancient (...) Greek to contemporary philosophy. For the reader this presentation is of unique value: it makes traceable the importance of terms and concepts at certain periods or for a particular philosopher, as well as its changes and development of meaning. Voulmes 1–12 of the HWPh comprises more than 17.000 text columns on 3.670 philosophical terms. The dictionary does not include articles on persons. Volume 13 includes, besides of a comprehensive introductory essay, three different indexes: - the Subject Index classifies the articles by disciplinary and systematic categories - the Main Index includes all philosophical keywords with more than 30.000 references to their occurrences in other articles and contexts - the Author Index lists all authors and their contributions The included CD-ROM allows full text research of the HWPh's entire content. (shrink)

In this thought-provoking book, Eli Foster Ritter explores the relationship between moral and civil law, arguing that they are different aspects of the same fundamental system of justice. With insightful analysis and persuasive argumentation, Ritter challenges readers to reconsider their assumptions about the nature of law and the role it plays in society. This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work (...) is in the "public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant. (shrink)

Wittgenstein’s Whewell’s Court Lectures contains previously unpublished notes from lectures given by Ludwig Wittgenstein between 1938 and 1941. The volume offers new insight into the development of Wittgenstein’s thought and includes some of the finest examples of Wittgenstein’s lectures in regard to both content and reliability.

This work is the second part of a critical textual edition that is devoted to an extraordinarily rich collection of manuscripts with equally remarkable historical significance dating from late Christian antiquity.

The following article is an excerpt from Professor Gerhard Ritter's contribution to a Symposium on the origins and methods of National Socialism. This Symposium, whose publication in English translation is forthcoming, was organised under the auspices of the International Council for Philosophy and Humanistic Studies. The International Council for Philosophy and Humanistic Studies has assured complete freedom of expression to all participants while obviously not endorsing any of the opinions expressed in the Symposium.In presenting the material of this Symposium (...) the publishers wish to make it clear that the opinions expressed are those of the authors themselves and do not represent the policy of Intercultural Publications or the views of its personnel. (shrink)

Education and state; Arab countries; intellectuals; social conditions.

This article describes a process of developing, implementing and evaluating a clinical ethics support service intervention with the goal of building up a context-sensitive structure of minimal clinical-ethics in an oncology department without prior clinical ethics structure. Scholars from different disciplines have called for an improvement in the evaluation of clinical ethics support services for different reasons over several decades. However, while a lot has been said about the concepts and methodological challenges of evaluating CESS up to the present time, (...) relatively few empirical studies have been carried out. The aim of this article is twofold. On the one hand, it describes a process of development, modifying and evaluating a CESS intervention as part of the ETHICO research project, using the approach of qualitative-formative evaluation. On the other hand, it provides a methodological analysis which specifies the contribution of qualitative empirical methods to the evaluation of CESS. We conclude with a consideration of the strengths and limitations of qualitative evaluation research with regards to the evaluation and development of context sensitive CESS. We further discuss our own approach in contrast to rather traditional consult or committee models. (shrink)

The volume deals with the history of logic, the question of the nature of logic, the relation of logic and mathematics, modal or alternative logics (many-valued, relevant, paraconsistent logics) and their relations, including translatability, to classical logic in the Fregean and Russellian sense, and, more generally, the aim or aims of philosophy of logic and mathematics. Also explored are several problems concerning the concept of definition, non-designating terms, the interdependence of quantifiers, and the idea of an assertion sign. The contributions (...) concerned with Wittgenstein's investigations into the philosophy of logic and mathematics pursue issues relating to logical necessity, the undeniability of the law of the excluded middle, and the source of self-evidence, often characterized in the literature as the "rule-following considerations". Additionally, they examine Wittgenstein's attitudes towards the very idea of set-theory as a possible foundation for arithmetic. The volume also includes a number of contributions on specific issues concerning Wittgenstein's views on moral and religious judgements. (shrink)

The development of transplantation technology increasingly places before society a multitude of diverse, complex ethical and legal problems. The subject is the more complex because of the various divergent interests involved. There are the interests of the donor of organs, who has a right to protection of his legal position, and those of the patient in need of an often lifesaving organ. There are also the interests of the donor’s relatives, after his death, and those of the transplantation surgeons. The (...) international dimension of transplantation technology makes the picture even more complicated. Though this article is devoted to the European situation, the problems are similar all over the world. (shrink)

The development of transplantation technology increasingly places before society a multitude of diverse, complex ethical and legal problems. The subject is the more complex because of the various divergent interests involved. There are the interests of the donor of organs, who has a right to protection of his legal position, and those of the patient in need of an often lifesaving organ. There are also the interests of the donor’s relatives, after his death, and those of the transplantation surgeons. The (...) international dimension of transplantation technology makes the picture even more complicated. Though this article is devoted to the European situation, the problems are similar all over the world. (shrink)