For Plotinus, the human face is that part of the body where the light of intelligibility can be shown through in the best way. It is why the face is beautiful, and, for this reason, it can be compared to the most beautiful things of the world. The stars, for example. But an issue raises immediately: when the face is compared to things of beauty, is not the actual meaning of the human face that could be lost? This question can (...) be thought again in the Christian world, and also, thanks to Emmanuel Levinas, in the contemporary philosophy. (shrink)

Les derniers théorèmes des Éléments de Théologie de Proclus portent sur les âmes. La question que nous posons peut se dire ainsi : comment Proclus a-t-il pu, contrairement aux indications platoniciennes, insérer dans un écrit inspiré par la méthode mathématique, un développement sur les âmes? À quel prix cette méthode peut-elle être compatible avec l’espace du divin? On s’interrogera aussi bien sur les traits de l’essence des âmes qui peuvent être posés que sur ceux qui ne peuvent être atteints. Ce (...) sont les limites de toute démarche processive qui seront ainsi soulignées. (shrink)

Les derniers théorèmes des Éléments de Théologie de Proclus portent sur les âmes. La question que nous posons peut se dire ainsi : comment Proclus a-t-il pu, contrairement aux indications platoniciennes, insérer dans un écrit inspiré par la méthode mathématique, un développement sur les âmes? À quel prix cette méthode peut-elle être compatible avec l’espace du divin? On s’interrogera aussi bien sur les traits de l’essence des âmes qui peuvent être posés que sur ceux qui ne peuvent être atteints. Ce (...) sont les limites de toute démarche processive qui seront ainsi soulignées. (shrink)

Si l’on possède peu de témoignages sur la manière dont les femmes du XIXe siècle ont vécu le vieillissement, les discours des médecins sur cette question abondent. La ménopause est décrite par eux comme une période particulièrement dangereuse qui, à l’instar de la puberté, bouleverse toute l’économie de la femme. Au nombre des maladies qui sont susceptibles de l’assaillir lorsque s’interrompt le mécanisme régulateur que représentait la menstruation s’ajoute la blessure narcissique que provoque la perte de sa féminité et l’entrée (...) dans l’âge de décrépitude. Plus encore, la femme perdant avec la faculté d’engendrer sa vocation sociale (la maternité), cette période, souvent qualifiée d’âge critique ou d’âge dangereux, s’annonce comme une véritable mort sociale. Privée de sa capacité de séduction, fragilisée par la révolution physiologique qui s’opère en elle, la femme, encouragée à se retirer d’un monde où elle ne peut plus briller, est plus que jamais assignée à la sphère privée. (shrink)

Sur le modèle du On Death IV (De morte) de Philodème, publié chez le même éditeur en 2009 par W. B. Henry, cet ouvrage propose, après une introduction de trente-quatre pages, une traduction – fondée sur l’édition donnée par Christian Jensen en 1906 pour Teubner – de cet écrit de Philodème tenu par lui comme un livre sur l’économie. Même si dans les « Acknowledgements » (p. vii) V. Tsouna rappelle qu’elle a participé à la traduction de L’Économie pour Les (...) Épicuriens co-édité par Daniel Delattr... (shrink)

Dans le prolongement de sa thèse sur les enfants abandonnés en Bretagne, soutenue en 2010 à l’université de Rennes, Isabelle Le Boulanger esquisse dans ce volume, en relisant ses notes d’archives, une étude des agressions sexuelles commises sur des enfants dans la Bretagne du xixe siècle. Son corpus est constitué d’un échantillon aléatoire d’archives judiciaires (dépouillement d’une année de dossiers de procédure par décennie), au demeurant inégalement conservées dans les cinq départements qu...

Directive 2002/73 enacted by the Council and Parliament of the European Union introduces substantial and procedural amendments to the European Community's `old' Equal Treatment Directive 76/207, providing, in particular, clarification of the definitions of concepts such as direct and indirect discrimination and (sexual) harassment. Yet, while the European Commission has praised the progressive nature of the new European legislation, a critical assessment of its provisions reveals some serious shortcomings and a host of missed opportunities. Although the new Directive generally reflects (...) the spirit of the case law of the E.C.J., it does so without any originality or pro-activism meaning that the European legislature has once again left the initiative of pursuing sex equality in the E.U. to the Court. (shrink)

This paper, on the psychopathology and phenomenology of schizophrenia, presents a selective summary of the work of the French psychiatrist, Eugene Minkowski (1985-1972), one of the first psychiatrists of an explicitly phenomenological persuasion. Minkowki believed that the phenomenological essence of schizophrenia (what he called the "trouble générateur") consists in a loss of "vital contact with reality" (VCR) and manifests itself as autism. Loss of vital contact with reality signifies a morbid change in the temporo-spatial structure of experiencing, particularly in the (...) diminishment and modification of temporal-dynamic aspects and a corresponding predominance of spatial-static factors. The patient tries to compensate for this primary morbid process through a variety of affective-cognitive preoccupations (rich autism) or sterile intellectuoid attitudes (autisme pauvre). Autism signifies a morbidly modified existential pattern that affects the domains of experience and expression as well as action. Minkowski's psychopathological analyses are illustrated by brief clinical vignettes of his patients. (shrink)

As football (soccer) clubs are facing different ethical challenges, many clubs are turning to ethical codes to counteract unethical behaviour. However, both in- and outside the sport field, uncertainty remains about the effectiveness of these ethical codes. For the first time, a longitudinal study design was adopted to evaluate code effectiveness. Specifically, a sample of non-professional football clubs formed the subject of our inquiry. Ethical code effectiveness was assessed by the measurement of the ethical climate. A repeated-measurements ANOVA revealed a (...) positive evolution of the ethical climate within the studied football clubs. This evolution could not be ascribed to the mere presence of an ethical code. However, several potential code effectiveness determining characteristics were also included in the research design. Some of these accounted partly for the evolution of the ethical climate of the football clubs. Results suggest that football clubs should incorporate their ethical code into a broader ethical programme, with attention for professionalization initiatives, stakeholder management, ethical leadership, and whistle-blowing protection. (shrink)

Dès ses premières réalisations, le mouvement de l’Éducation nouvelle a défendu une mixité coéducative, une « coéducation des sexes » caractéristique de son projet. L’évolution des mentalités, des moeurs et de la société d’entre-deux-guerres y est sans doute pour beaucoup. Cet article se propose d’expliciter pourquoi et comment cette coéducation est devenue un principe fédérateur pour l’Éducation nouvelle.

One of science's greatest intellects examines how people and animals display fear, anger, and pleasure. Darwin based this 1872 study on his personal observations, which anticipated later findings in neuroscience. Abounding in anecdotes and literary quotations, the book is illustrated with 21 figures and seven photographic plates. Its direct approach, accessible to professionals and amateurs alike, continues to inspire and inform modern research in psychology.

It is argued that multiscale approaches are necessary for an explanatory modeling of biological systems. A first step, besides common to the multiscale modeling of physical and living systems, is a bottom-up integration based on the notions of effective parameters and minimal models. Top-down effects can be accounted for in terms of effective constraints and inputs. Biological systems are essentially characterized by an entanglement of bottom-up and top-down influences following from their evolutionary history. A self-consistent multiscale scheme is proposed to (...) capture the ensuing circular causality. Its differences with standard mean-field self-consistent equations and slow-fast decompositions are discussed. As such, this scheme offers a way to unravel the multilevel architecture of living systems and their regulation. Two examples, genome functions and biofilms, are detailed. (shrink)

The place of religion in society has changed profoundly in the last few centuries, particularly in the West. In what will be a defining book for our time, Taylor takes up the question of what these changes mean, and what, precisely, happens when a society becomes one in which faith is only one human possibility among others.

The current gridlock around climate change and how to address our global sustainability issues can be understood as resulting from clashes in worldviews. This article summarizes some of the research on worldviews in the contemporary West, showing that these worldviews have different, and frequently complementary, potentials, as well as different pitfalls, with respect to addressing climate change. Simultaneously, the overview shows that, because of their innate reflexivity and their capacity to appreciate and synthesize multiple perspectives, individuals inhabiting integrative worldviews may (...) have particular potentials with respect to addressing climate change. In the conclusion I argue that the policy challenge is to develop strategies that inspire the different worldview groups to actualize their potentials while mitigating their pitfalls, as well as to unite and mobilize them around a single vision that speaks to them all. (shrink)

Dans cet article nous proposons une analyse d’un aspect peu évoqué du parcours de Genette, son séminaire de l’EHESS-Paris. Genette n’a pas explicité sa méthode, mais il avait constaté dans les années 1960 que l’enseignement universitaire était considéré comme une pratique neutre, et même un tabou, qui demandait à être historicisée et comprise dans sa portée idéologique. À partir d’une description des rituels et des modalités de son enseignement, nous analyserons le caractère spécifique de sa méthode de formation à la (...) recherche, en soulignant sa relation avec la tradition de l’EHESS. (shrink)

Within a digital corpus of 20 Italian post-unification conduct books, UAM CorpusTool is used to perform a manual annotation of 13 emotive rhetorical figures as indices of “shown” emotion. The analysis consists in two text mining tasks: classification, which identifies emotive figures using the 13 categories, and clustering, which identifies groups, i.e. clusters where emotive figures co-occur. Emotive clusters mainly discuss diligence and parsimony—personal values linked to self-improvement for which reader agreement is not taken for granted. In this corpus they (...) function as “moving” values, that is, values acting recurrently as contexts for “argued” emotion. (shrink)

Sports organizations face various ethical challenges. To tackle these, ethical codes are becoming increasingly popular instruments. However, a lot of questions remain concerning their effectiveness. There is a particular lack of knowledge when it comes to their form and content, and on the influence of these features on the effectiveness of these codes of ethics. Therefore, we developed a framework to analyze ethical codes and used this to assess codes of ethics in sports clubs from six disciplines. The form and (...) content characteristics of the codes were tested for their impact on the ethical climate of sports clubs. Our results show that most codes focus on the themes of integrity, and on solidarity among the members of sports clubs. Deontological phrasing is dominant in ethical codes in sports clubs. The occurrence of comprehension aids, such as examples, and procedural content, such as the mentioning of sanctions, is low. When it comes to code effectiveness, i.e., the influence on the ethical climate, we see a positive significant effect of the use of consequentialist oriented statements, and of the combination of regulatory and inspirational phrasing. Also the presence of explicit guidelines for the members of the board had a positive significant affect. This shows that codes should be a source of inspiration and stimulate moral awareness, rather than merely guide behavior by simple rules. Other content elements do not influence code effectiveness, suggesting that ethical codes merely have a function of raising ethical awareness in sports clubs. These results help to shed light on what it takes for a code of ethics to become a useful and effective instrument to tackle unethical behavior in sports clubs. (shrink)

Avec le développement de la psychiatrie périnatale, les prises en charge précoces des familles se sont diversifiées. Au fil du temps, des équipes se sont efforcées de faciliter l'accès aux soins à des familles peu enclines à y adhérer d'elles-mêmes. Des institutions se sont organisées pour aider des familles à haut risque psychique, dans le but de lutter contre les processus inter-générationnels qui induisent maltraitance et placements. D'autres ont créé des lieux de parole et d'échange initiant des stratégies de rencontre (...) permettant aux familles de rompre peu à peu avec l'exclusion. (shrink)

Le devenir d’un groupe de jeunes qui ont vécu en moyenne huit ans en familles d’accueil et sont sortis du placement depuis plus de cinq ans a été analysé et mis en regard avec l’évolution de l’histoire de l’institution de placement. L’objectif était de mesurer les effets conjugués des carences, maltraitements et ruptures dans la vie des enfants et adolescents et ceux dus à la stabilité d’un milieu environnant sur l’insertion sociale et professionnelle à l’âge adulte. L’article présente aussi quelques-uns (...) des souvenirs de ces adultes âgés de 23 à 39 ans, témoignages de leur histoire d’enfants ayant vécu entre deux familles. (shrink)

The article traces the origin and development of the concept of social skills in first and foremost American academic discourse. As soon as the concept of social skills was coined, the concern for people lacking such skills started and has been on the increase ever since. After the analysis of the academic history of the concept follows an examination of the implementation of a range of assessment instruments and training programmes related to social skills in contemporary Danish welfare institutions. The (...) analysis forwarded in the article thus demonstrates how an intellectual idea may develop and travel - and on its journey connect to pre-existing cultural logics and societal concerns. The idea of social skills has through its development been made uncontroversial – everybody wants to be skilful. The concept does, however, convey an individualistic view on social life and imposes a reflexivity over own performance on the participants. Further, its normative character contributes to a problematization of those who are perceived to lack these skills. (shrink)

This new edition of Charles Fried's 'Medical Experimentation' includes a general introduction by Franklin Miller and the late Alan Wertheimer, a reprint of the 1974 text, an in-depth analysis by Harvard Law School scholars I. Glenn Cohen and D. James Greiner, and a new essay by Fried reflecting on the original text and how it applies to the contemporary landscape of medicine and medical experimentation.

Charles Taylor has been one of the most original and influential figures in contemporary philosophy: his 'philosophical anthropology' spans an unusually wide range of theoretical interests and draws creatively on both Anglo-American and Continental traditions in philosophy. A selection of his published papers is presented here in two volumes, structured to indicate the direction and essential unity of the work. He starts from a polemical concern with behaviourism and other reductionist theories (particularly in psychology and the philosophy of language) which (...) aim to model the study of man on the natural sciences. This leads to a general critique of naturalism, its historical development and its importance for modern culture and consciousness; and that in turn points, forward to a positive account of human agency and the self, the constitutive role of language and value, and the scope of practical reason. The volumes jointly present some two decades of work on these fundamental themes, and convey strongly the tenacity, verve and versatility of the author in grappling with them. They will interest a very wide range of philosophers and students of the human sciences. (shrink)

In this revised edition of his 1979 classic Political Theory and International Relations, Charles Beitz rejects two highly influential conceptions of international theory as empirically inaccurate and theoretically misleading. In one, international relations is a Hobbesian state of nature in which moral judgments are entirely inappropriate, and in the other, states are analogous to persons in domestic society in having rights of autonomy that insulate them from external moral assessment and political interference. Beitz postulates that a theory of international politics (...) should include a revised principle of state autonomy based on the justice of a state’s domestic institutions, and a principle of international distributive justice to establish a fair division of resources and wealth among persons situated in diverse national societies. (shrink)