Results for 'Ariel S. Cecchi'

932 found
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  1. Cognitive Penetration, Perceptual Learning and Neural Plasticity.Ariel S. Cecchi - 2014 - Dialectica 68 (1):63-95.
    Cognitive penetration of perception, broadly understood, is the influence that the cognitive system has on a perceptual system. The paper shows a form of cognitive penetration in the visual system which I call ‘architectural’. Architectural cognitive penetration is the process whereby the behaviour or the structure of the perceptual system is influenced by the cognitive system, which consequently may have an impact on the content of the perceptual experience. I scrutinize a study in perceptual learning that provides empirical evidence that (...)
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  2.  52
    Cognitive penetration of early vision in face perception.Ariel S. Cecchi - 2018 - Consciousness and Cognition 63:254-266.
    Cognitive and affective penetration of perception refers to the influence that higher mental states such as beliefs and emotions have on perceptual systems. Psychological and neuroscientific studies appear to show that these states modulate the visual system at the visuomotor, attentional, and late levels of processing. However, empirical evidence showing that similar consequences occur in early stages of visual processing seems to be scarce. In this paper, I argue that psychological evidence does not seem to be either sufficient or necessary (...)
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  3.  11
    The learnability of voting rules.Ariel D. Procaccia, Aviv Zohar, Yoni Peleg & Jeffrey S. Rosenschein - 2009 - Artificial Intelligence 173 (12-13):1133-1149.
  4.  57
    Medical and bioethical considerations in elective cochlear implant array removal.Maryanna S. Owoc, Elliott D. Kozin, Aaron Remenschneider, Maria J. Duarte, Ariel Edward Hight, Marjorie Clay, Susanna E. Meyer, Daniel J. Lee & Selena Briggs - 2018 - Journal of Medical Ethics 44 (3):174-179.
    ObjectiveCochlear explantation for purely elective (e.g. psychological and emotional) reasons is not well studied. Herein, we aim to provide data and expert commentary about elective cochlear implant (CI) removal that may help to guide clinical decision-making and formulate guidelines related to CI explantation.Data sourcesWe address these objectives via three approaches: case report of a patient who desired elective CI removal; review of literature and expert discussion by surgeon, audiologist, bioethicist, CI user and member of Deaf community.Review methodsA systematic review using (...)
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  5.  12
    Algorithms for the coalitional manipulation problem.Michael Zuckerman, Ariel D. Procaccia & Jeffrey S. Rosenschein - 2009 - Artificial Intelligence 173 (2):392-412.
  6.  23
    The Solarpunk Conference by From Imagination to Action (review).Ariel Kroon & Kees Schuller - 2024 - Utopian Studies 34 (3):634-640.
    In lieu of an abstract, here is a brief excerpt of the content:Reviewed by:The Solarpunk Conference by From Imagination to ActionAriel Kroon and Kees SchullerFrom Imagination to Action, The Solarpunk Conference, June 24, 2023, VirtualThe Solarpunk Conference was born out of the desire to see an accessible space dedicated to discussions of solarpunk. With solarpunk growing in popularity in both popular and academic circles, the need for such a space seemed obvious to the organizers. The organizers also felt the need (...)
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  7.  5
    Dress and Identity in Christian Nubia.Arielle Winnik - 2024 - Convivium 11 (1):90-101.
    In the 1960s, archaeologists excavating the Lower Nubian site of Qasr Ibrim uncovered, adjacent to the cathedral, a cemetery from the Christian era, which contained the well-preserved textiles of high-ranking ecclesiastics. Elisabeth G. Crowfoot (1914–2005) undertook analysis of this material, but her complete publication of it, Qasr Ibrim: The Textiles from the Cathedral Cemetery, was not published until 2011. The volume describes in meticulous detail the graves and materials unearthed. Working from excavators’ notes, photographs, and, in some fortunate cases, retained (...)
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  8.  30
    Sustaining the Financial Value of Global CSR : Reconciling Corporate and Stakeholder Interests in a Less Regulated Environment.Mark S. Blodgett, Rani Hoitash & Ariel Markelevich - 2014 - Business and Society Review 119 (1):95-124.
    In this article we examine the association between corporate social responsibility (CSR) and firm value. This line of research is important since firms continue to invest in CSR even though past studies reveal a limited linkage between financial value and CSR. However, the business case for CSR or “doing good while making a profit,” appears to be advancing within the business ethics literature as a preferred conception of CSR. We conjecture that the greater unification and refinement of both profit maximization (...)
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  9.  60
    The Public Form of Law: Kant on the Second-Personal Constitution of Freedom.Ariel Zylberman - 2016 - Kantian Review 21 (1):101-126.
    The two standard interpretations of Kant’s view of the relationship between external freedom and public law make one of the terms a means for the production of the other: either public law is justified as a means to external freedom, or external freedom is justified as a means for producing a system of public law. This article defends an alternative, constitutive interpretation: public law is justified because it is partly constitutive of external freedom. The constitutive view requires conceiving of external (...)
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  10.  38
    Self-critical appropriation: An assessment of Bauman’s view of education in liquid modernity.Ariel Sarid - 2017 - Educational Philosophy and Theory 49 (5):462-472.
    Zygmunt Bauman has devoted considerable amount of attention to the discussion of the educational challenges in liquid modernity. While a good deal of professional attention has been given to Bauman’s concept in various fields and disciplines, his views on education have received relatively little response by educational theorists and practitioners. The aim of this article is to assess Bauman’s prognosis and diagnosis for education in liquid modernity and argue that even if one generally accepts Bauman’s portrayal of current society, his (...)
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  11.  38
    Lecture Notes in Microeconomic Theory: The Economic Agent.Ariel Rubinstein - 2006 - Princeton University Press.
    This book presents Ariel Rubinstein's lecture notes for the first part of his well-known graduate course in microeconomics.
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  12. A sceptic's comment on the study of economics.Ariel Rubinstein - manuscript
    A survey was carried out among two groups of undergraduate economics students and four groups of students in mathematics, law, philosophy and business administration. The main survey question involved a conflict between profit maximisation and the welfare of the workers who would be fired to achieve it. Significant differences were found between the choices of the groups. The results were reinforced by a survey conducted among readers of an Israeli business newspaper and PhD students of Harvard. It is argued that (...)
     
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  13.  19
    Plato's Letters: the political challenges of the philosophic life.Ariel Helfer - 2023 - Ithaca: Cornell University Press. Edited by Ariel Helfer.
    Interprets the Letters as a literary unity (designed almost as a novel by Plato) and provides insight into and information about Plato's self-understanding and his overall intentions as an author of his dialogues.
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  14.  69
    Two Second‐Personal Conceptions of the Dignity of Persons.Ariel Zylberman - 2017 - European Journal of Philosophy 25 (4):921-943.
    In spite of the burgeoning philosophical literature on human dignity, Stephen Darwall's second-personal account of the dignity of persons has not received the attention it deserves. This article investigates Darwall's account and argues that it faces a dilemma, for it succumbs either to a problem of antecedence or to the wrong kind of reasons problem. But this need not mean one should reject a second-personal account. Instead, I argue that an alternative second-personal conception, one I will call relational, promises to (...)
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  15.  26
    Stakeholder's preference and rational compliance: A comment on Sacconi's “CSR as a model for extended corporate governance II: Compliance, reputation and reciprocity”.Pedro Francés-Gómez & Ariel Ridelo - 2008 - Journal of Business Ethics 82 (1):59 - 76.
    Lorenzo Sacconi’s recent re-statement of his social contract account of business ethics is a major contribution to our understanding of the normative nature of CSR as the expression of a fair multi-party agreement supported by the economic rationality of each participant. However, at one crucial point in his theory, Sacconi introduces the concept of stakeholders’ conformist preferences – their disposition to punish the firm if it defects from the agreement, refusing to abide by its own explicit CSR policies and norms. (...)
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  16.  28
    Drift as constitutive: conclusions from a formal reconstruction of population genetics.Ariel Jonathan Roffé - 2019 - History and Philosophy of the Life Sciences 41 (4):55.
    This article elaborates on McShea and Brandon’s idea that drift is unlike the rest of the evolutionary factors because it is constitutive rather than imposed on the evolutionary process. I show that the way they spelled out this idea renders it inadequate and is the reason why it received some objections. I propose a different way in which their point could be understood, that rests on two general distinctions. The first is a distinction between the underlying mathematical apparatus used to (...)
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  17.  37
    Humans Integrate Monetary and Liquid Incentives to Motivate Cognitive Task Performance.Debbie M. Yee, Marie K. Krug, Ariel Z. Allen & Todd S. Braver - 2015 - Frontiers in Psychology 6.
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  18. El concepto de hegemonía en Gramsci: una mirada al Frente Nacional en Colombia.Ariel Alberto Parra Mier & Robert Ojeda - 2011 - Logos: Revista de la Facultad de Filosofia y Humanidades 19:107-125.
    The political phenomenon that covered the period between 1958 and 1974 was known as the National Front. From the context of conceptual references related to this period, we will work on the concept of “hegemony”, which will be addressed based on Antonio Gramsci’s category. This paper aims to unravel the different political interests during a time of national unity that prevailed since the two-party system was established. Our general goal is to contribute to the discussion and analysis of our political (...)
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  19.  15
    Media mostruosi, immagini sublimi. Uno sguardo sull’arte contemporanea con Lyotard.Dario Cecchi - 2021 - Studi di Estetica 20.
    The article focuses on the possibility of reconsidering the relationship existing between monstrosity and sublime in the light of Jean-François Lyotard’s interpretation of the Kantian sublime. Sublime and monstrosity unveil a system of analogies and differences, which can depict the aesthetic experience mediated by mass media, rather than by art. The lack of form and the sometimes obscene drift, which are typical of media experience, configure indeed a sensibility that oscillates between the ascension to sublime heights and the emergence of (...)
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  20.  33
    Reconciling Divisions in the Field of Authentic Education.Ariel Sarid - 2015 - Journal of Philosophy of Education 49 (3):473-489.
    The aim of this article is twofold: first, to identify and address three central divisions in the field of authentic education that introduce ambiguity and at times inconsistencies within the field of authentic education. These divisions concern a) the relationship between autonomy and authenticity; b) the division between the two basic attitudes towards ‘care’ in the authenticity literature, and; c) the well-worn division between objective and subjective realms of knowledge and identity construction. Addressing these divisions through Charles Taylor's distinction between (...)
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  21.  56
    The relational wrong of Poverty.Ariel Zylberman - 2023 - Ethical Theory and Moral Practice 26 (2):303-319.
    In this paper I explore elements from Kant’s philosophy of right to develop a relational account of the wrong of poverty. Poverty is a relational wrong because it involves relations of problematic dependence, inequality, and humiliation. Such relations infringe the rights to freedom and equality of the poor. And the called-for response is one of public recognition and protection of the rights of the poor. This position means we must radically reconceptualize our individual duties to the poor: not _private beneficence_, (...)
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  22.  11
    Predicting optimal solution costs with bidirectional stratified sampling in regular search spaces.Levi H. S. Lelis, Roni Stern, Shahab Jabbari Arfaee, Sandra Zilles, Ariel Felner & Robert C. Holte - 2016 - Artificial Intelligence 230 (C):51-73.
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  23. The nature of hope.Ariel Meirav - 2009 - Ratio 22 (2):216-233.
    Both traditional accounts of hope and some of their recent critics analyze hope exclusively in terms of attitudes that a hoper bears towards a hoped-for prospect, such as desire and probability assignment. I argue that all of these accounts misidentify cases of despair as cases of hope, and so misconstrue the nature of hope. I show that a more satisfactory view is arrived at by noticing that in addition to the aforementioned attitudes, hope involves a characteristic attitude towards an external (...)
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  24.  10
    Changing People’s Preferences by the State and the Law.Ariel Porat - 2021 - Theoretical Inquiries in Law 22 (2):215-246.
    In standard economic models, two basic assumptions are made: the first, that actors are rational, and the second, that actors’ preferences are a given and exogenously determined. Behavioral economics — followed by behavioral law and economics — has questioned the first assumption. This Article challenges the second one, arguing that in many instances, social welfare should be enhanced not by maximizing satisfaction of existing preferences but by changing the preferences themselves. The Article identifies seven categories of cases where the traditional (...)
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  25. A theorist's view of experiments.Ariel Rubinstein - manuscript
    The paper springs from a position that economic theory is an abstract investigation of the concepts and considerations involved in real life economic decision making rather than a tool for predicting or describing real behavior. It is argued that when experimental economics is motivated by theory, it should not look to verify the predictions of theory but instead should focus on verifying that the considerations contained in the economic model are sound and in common use. It is argued that when (...)
     
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  26.  15
    Socrates and Alcibiades: Plato's drama of political ambition and philosophy.Ariel Helfer - 2017 - Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press.
    Socrates' promise and Alcibiades' failure (Alcibiades 103-116) -- The exaltation of virtue (Alcibiades 116-135) -- Rescuing Alcibiades (Second Alcibiades) -- A puzzling retrospective (Symposium 211-222).
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  27.  14
    Algorithms for strategyproof classification.Reshef Meir, Ariel D. Procaccia & Jeffrey S. Rosenschein - 2012 - Artificial Intelligence 186 (C):123-156.
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  28.  20
    Questioning the Idea of Correlativity in Weinrib's Theory of Corrective Justice.Ariel Porat - 2001 - Theoretical Inquiries in Law 2 (1).
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  29. What Can a Farm Animal Biography Accomplish? The Case of Portrait of a Burger as a Young Calf.Ariel Tsovel - 2005 - Society and Animals 13 (3):245-262.
    Agricultural reports and guides, nonhuman animal welfare studies, and animal rights reports attempt to document and convey the condition of nonhuman animals in agriculture. These disciplines tend to resist a prolonged and methodically versatile examination of individual animals. In his pioneer work, Lovenheim , The author produced such a biographical documentation of calves in the dairy and meat industries. He provided an exceptionally prolonged and detailed tracing of their lives as individuals, establishing an emotional attachment in both documenter and reader. (...)
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  30.  23
    Pricing lives: the political art of measurement.Ariel Colonomos - 2023 - New York, NY: Oxford University Press.
    This book discusses the equating of human lives with the material and argues that pricing lives lies at the core of the political. Indeed, as in Plato or Hobbes as well as in the Weberian ethics of responsibility, measurement is considered to be one of the central features of the political. This book argues that this measure relies primarily on two goods: human lives and interests. It also argues that the material equivalence to lives is twofold. Such equivalence is a (...)
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  31.  9
    Spinoza: philosophe de l'équilibre.Ariel Suhamy - 2018 - Paris: Ellipses.
    L'équilibre, notion introuvable et omniprésente chez Spinoza. L'enfant dont le corps est "comme en équilibre" illustre le mécanisme d'imitation des affects, au coeur de la psychologie spinoziste. Mais où trouverons-nous la définition de l'équilibre? Chez l'âne de Buridan, pris entre deux désirs strictement équivalents, et modèle du "libre-arbitre"? Mais celui-ci n'est qu'une illusion, même si souvent les hommes ne savent plus où se tourner et flottent entre deux affects contraires, espérance et crainte, amour et haine, etc. A cet équilibre figé, (...)
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  32. Colonel Blotto's Top Secret Files.Ariel Rubinstein - unknown
    Colonel Blotto “secret files” are opened and Information about the way that people play the game is revealed. The files rely on web-based experiments, which involve a tournament version of the Colonel Blotto Game. A total of 6,500 subjects from two diverse populations participated in the tournaments. The results are analyzed in light of a novel procedure of multi-dimensional iterative reasoning. According to the procedure, a player decides separately about different features of his strategy using iterative reasoning. Measuring the response (...)
     
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  33. (1 other version)Edgar Allan Poe's Riddle: Do guessers outperform misleaders in a repeated matching pennies game?Ariel Rubinstein & Kfir Eliaz - manuscript
     
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  34. The Absent-Minded Driver's Paradox: Synthesis and Responses.Ariel Rubinstein - unknown
    from now on , was to point out that the model commonly used to describe . a decision problem with imperfect recall suffers from major ambiguities in its interpretation. We claimed that several issues which were immaterial in decision problems with perfect recall may be of importance in the analysis of decision problems with imperfect recall. The issues that we raised can be summarized by the following questions.
     
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  35.  27
    Ibn Barūn's Arabic Works on Hebrew Grammar and LexicographyIbn Barun's Arabic Works on Hebrew Grammar and Lexicography.Ariel A. Bloch & Pinchas Wechter - 1969 - Journal of the American Oriental Society 89 (4):801.
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  36. Economics and Language: Five Essays.Ariel Rubinstein - 2000 - Cambridge University Press.
    Arising out of the author's lifetime fascination with the links between the formal language of mathematical models and natural language, this short book comprises five essays investigating both the economics of language and the language of economics. Ariel Rubinstein touches the structure imposed on binary relations in daily language, the evolutionary development of the meaning of words, game-theoretical considerations of pragmatics, the language of economic agents and the rhetoric of game theory. These short essays are full of challenging ideas (...)
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  37.  29
    Embracing dualities: Principles of education for a VUCA world.Ariel Sarid & Maya Levanon - 2023 - Educational Philosophy and Theory 55 (12):1375-1386.
    In the wake of profound social changes, which have been accelerated due to a global pandemic, educators reconsider the role and goals of education, and subsequently, how its pragmatic expression should look like in a VUCA-world. We address this challenge by offering basic tenets of education and principles that are tailored to the current reality. We concentrate primarily on the merits of embracing dualities, dilemmas and tensions, for engaging in deep learning and personal development. Jon Wergin’s theory of ‘deep learning’ (...)
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  38.  34
    The tension between materiality and discourse: Judith Butler’s notion of body.Ariel Martínez - 2015 - Cinta de Moebio 54:325-335.
    This article proposes to analyse the way in which the body is addressed in the philosophical works of Judith Butler. The constructionism that characterizes her initial articles has been widely spread in the contemporary debates about sex and gender diversity, since in those articles she links the body to a discursive ontology that denounces the contingent and unnecessary welding between body -which is considered as the substantial and natural basis of gender and sexuality- and subjective identities. Such an epistemological turn, (...)
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  39.  33
    Human Rights, Categorical Duties: A Dilemma for Instrumentalism.Ariel Zylberman - 2016 - Utilitas 28 (4):368-395.
    Contemporary theorists tend to think that the basic justification of human rights is instrumental, as efficient means for producing the theorist's preferred ultimate value or values. Contemporary theorists also tend to think that human rights have a distinctive normative force, correlating with categorical duties. This article shows that instrumentalist accounts of human rights face a dilemma. The very structure of any instrumentalist account means that such an account faces extraordinary difficulties accommodating categorical duties to respect the human rights of others. (...)
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  40.  28
    (1 other version)Comment parler avec des spectres? La communication du systeme d'apres la correspondance de Spinoza.Ariel Suhamy - 2004 - Revue de Métaphysique et de Morale 1 (1):25-40.
    La correspondance de Spinoza illustre cette réflexion de Kafka selon laquelle écrire des lettres, c’est correspondre avec des spectres, parce qu’on ne sait pas à qui on parle, ni comment ce qu’on dit va être compris. On peut considérer cette correspondance comme un terrain d’expérimentation de la communication du système : il ne s’agit pas pour lui d’édifier sa doctrine en discutant avec ses correspondants, ni de l’adapter à ses divers interlocuteurs pour la diffuser, mais d’en tester la portée et (...)
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  41. (1 other version)Reseña de McShea, Daniel W. y Robert N. Brandon, Biology’s First Law: The Tendency for Diversity and Complexity to Increase in Evolutionary Systems, Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2010, 184 pp. [REVIEW]Ariel Jonathan Roffé - 2013 - Metatheoria 4:113-119.
    En este ambicioso libro, el biólogo Daniel W. McShea y el filósofo de la biología Robert N. Brandon desafían las explicaciones explícitas encontradas en la litera-tura acerca del origen de la diversidad y la complejidad en los seres vivos. Estas explicaciones recurren en su mayoría a la acción de la selección natural, como ser, a la selección diversificadora/disruptiva, a la selección de niveles superiores favoreciendo a especies/clados con mayor propensión a la especiación, o a las ventajas de una mayor división (...)
     
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  42.  59
    The Goods of Design: Professional Ethics for Designers.Ariel Guersenzvaig - 2021 - London - New York: Rowman & Littlefield Publishers.
    What ends should designers pursue? To what extent should they care about the societal and environmental impact of their work? And why should they care at all? Given the key influence design has on the way people live their lives, designing is fraught with ethical issues. Yet, unlike education or nursing, it lacks widespread professional principles for addressing these issues. -/- Rooted in a communitarian view of design practice, this lively and accessible book examines design through the lens of professions, (...)
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  43.  21
    To imitate all that is hidden. The place of mimesis in Adorno’s theory of musical performance.Alessandro Cecchi - 2017 - Aisthesis: Pratiche, Linguaggi E Saperi Dell’Estetico 10 (1):131-138.
    The article examines the use of the concept of mimesis in Adorno’s notes towards a theory of musical performance. In trying to idiosyncratically define the latter as “reproduction”, Adorno relied on a framework elaborating on concepts introduced by Arnold Schoenberg, Hugo Riemann and Walter Benjamin – a framework that the article discusses insofar as it deals with the problem of mimesis. Specific attention is devoted to the relation between Benjamin’s essays on language and translation and Adorno’s theory of notation, that (...)
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  44.  68
    Proximal Intentions, Non-executed Proximal Intentions and Change of Intentions.Ariel Furstenberg - 2014 - Topoi 33 (1):1-10.
    This paper investigates the conceptual and empirical possibility of non-executed, non-conscious proximal intentions, i.e., non-conscious proximal intentions to act that do not turn into a final act, but perhaps are vetoed or overcome by an alternative action. It constructs a conceptual framework in which such cases are justifiably considered ‘proximal intentions’. This is achieved by combining Alfred Mele’s notion of non-conscious proximal intentions together with the notion of trying or striving taken from Brian O’Shaughnessy’s model of action. With this framework (...)
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  45. Isaac Israeli's fifty admonitions to the physician.Ariel Ba-Sela & Habbel E. Hoff - 1977 - In Chester R. Burns (ed.), Legacies in ethics and medicine. New York: Science History Publications.
     
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  46.  25
    Rethinking the theory of communities of practice in education: Critical reflection and ethical imagination.Ariel Sarid & Maya Levanon - 2022 - Educational Philosophy and Theory 54 (10):1693-1704.
    One of the leading theories of social learning today is Wenger's theory of Communities of Practice'. CoP-theory reiterates basic tenets of social learning theory yet it us set apart from other theories of social learning and education not only by centering on identity-formation but by positing four key dualities as inherent structural features of the educational process. While concurring with Wenger's 'dilemmatic' understanding of education and his open-ended, practice-based conception of identity-formation, we argue that Wenger's theory overlooks central elements that (...)
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  47.  59
    Indeterminate Causation and Apportionment of Damages: An Essay on Holtby, Allen, and Fairchild.Ariel Porat & Alex Stein - 2003 - Oxford Journal of Legal Studies 23 (4):667-702.
    Holtby, Allen and Fairchild are both recent and revolutionary decisions that address an important aspect of the indeterminate causation problem that frequently arises in tort litigation. In Holtby and Allen, the Court of Appeal departed from the traditional binary approach, under which a tort claimant either recovers compensation for his or her entire injury or is altogether denied recovery—depending on whether his or her case against the defendant is more probable than not. Holtby and Allen substituted this approach by the (...)
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  48.  11
    Imagining, experimenting, exploring The Kantian legacy in Emilio Garroni’s theory of creativity.Dario Cecchi - 2023 - Revue Internationale de Philosophie 303 (1):111-131.
    La Critique de la faculté de juger ne relève pas seulement d’une théorie esthétique, pour originelle qu’elle puisse être. Elle met surtout en œuvre un nouveau discours philosophique. La critique de la métaphysique y est reconsidérée d’une manière positive, comme une réflexion sur la donation de sens à la croisée entre principes généraux et expériences contingentes. Le philosophe italien Emilio Garroni a développé ce nouveau point de vue sur le troisième Critique, en soutenant que, dans cette Critique, Kant a formulé (...)
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  49.  53
    Genetic drift as a directional factor: biasing effects and a priori predictions.Ariel Jonathan Roffé - 2017 - Biology and Philosophy 32 (4):535-558.
    The adequacy of Elliott Sober’s analogy between classical mechanics and evolutionary theory—according to which both theories explain via a zero-force law and a set of forces that alter the zero-force state—has been criticized from various points of view. I focus here on McShea and Brandon’s claim that drift shouldn’t be considered a force because it is not directional. I argue that there are a number of different theses that could be meant by this, and show that one of those theses—the (...)
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  50. On optimal rules of persuasion.Ariel Rubinstein - manuscript
    A speaker wishes to persuade a listener to accept a certain request. The conditions under which the request is justified, from the listener’s point of view, depend on the values of two aspects. The values of the aspects are known only to the speaker and the listener can check the value of at most one. A mechanism specifies a set of messages that the speaker can send and a rule that determines the listener’s response, namely, which aspect he checks and (...)
     
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