I have argued here for a change in a scientific world-view, from that of the study of forms to that of process. In doing so we need to understand as to how process creates form. In showing this I have at first drawn from the history of Buddhist philosophy; with its concepts of ‘Sunyata’ (Emptiness) and radical interdependency (Huayen). Then showed its parallel with modern Fractal geometries, which thru’ rather simple mathematics, shows as to how process could derive form. I (...) have then gone on to Quantum constructions, which is without doubt the most advanced scientific development in modern times, and attempted to show two vital directions which contradict the classical scientific world view. The usual scientific view retains a Descartian, ‘out there’ deterministic framework. I argue that with the break down of determinism, and the non locality of phenomena suggested by Quantum Mechanics allows for an independent functioning of consciousness; which then is not a mere epiphenomena of neural activity within the brain. Such a view has wide implications on how we live and how we die. (shrink)

En el mundo académico contemporáneo han venido tomando fuerza, desde hace varias décadas, los temas de la interdisciplinariedad y la transdisciplinariedad, como respuesta de un sector de la comunidad científica a los problemas de la especialización y a la desconexión entre las ciencias. Como todo elemento o aspecto de la realidad, este tema requiere de una debida fundamentación filosófica que se encuentra en el pensamiento clásico. En el presente artículo se intenta mostrar la relación entre la tradición de la filosofía (...) perenne y este fundamento, atendiendo, sobre todo, a la importancia de la mirada holística del fenómeno ético y pretendiendo sustentar que el diálogo entre las ciencias sólo es posible rescatando el paradigma metafísico, legado por los griegos a la civilización occidental y defendido por MacIntyre en su libro "Ethics in the Conflicts of Modernity. An Essay on Desire, Practical Reasoning, and Narrative" (University of Cambridge, 2016). (shrink)

En la epistemología actual, hay dos actitudes opuestas en relación con las ciencias empíricas.Por una parte, aparecen como herramienta esencial para el avance del conocimiento. Por otro lado, existe duda sobre las bases metafísicas y epistemológicas de esa confianza en el saber científico, lo cual ha llevado a la ciencia por caminos de escepticismo y pragmatismo. Este trabajo se propone aportar filosóficamente a la racionalidad y al estatuto ontológico de la física, teniendo como punto de partida algunas obras del filósofo (...) de la ciencia Evandro Agazzi. El artículo que aquí se presenta introduce al pensamiento de Agazzi y a asuntos nucleares de su epistemología. Posteriormente, define los conceptos de “rigor” y “objetividad” según los entiende Agazzi,finalmente, establece criterios de rigor y objetividad para la física, mostrando de qué manera se verifican en dos experimentos clásicos. Con base en estas ideas, se demuestra que la física, como ciencia que es, cuenta con criterios de rigor y objetividad que le permiten un alcance efectivo de lo real, respondiendo así al desafío formalista y pragmatista. Así pues, el artículo no se agota en una descripción del pensamiento de Agazzi, sino que aplica sus ideas al ámbito concreto de la física, explicitando ideas que no han sido lo suficientemente explicitadas por el filósofo italiano. El artículo comienza introduciendo al pensamiento de Agazzi y a asuntos nucleares de su epistemología. Posteriormente, define los conceptos de rigor y objetividad según los entiende Agazzi, y, finalmente, establece criterios de rigor y objetividad para la física, mostrando de qué manera se verifican en dos experimentos clásicos. Con base en estas ideas, se demuestra que la física, como ciencia que es, cuenta con criterios de rigor y objetividad que le permiten un alcance efectivo de lo real, respondiendo así al desafío formalista y pragmatista. Así pues, el artículo no se agota en una descripción del pensamiento de Agazzi, sino que aplicará sus ideas al ámbito concreto de la física, explicitando ideas que no han sido lo suficientemente explicitadas por el filósofo italiano. (shrink)

Eine geradezu mythologische Narration des Okzidents besagt, dass der Mensch mit der europäischen Aufklärung begonnen habe, sein Schicksal nicht mehr übergeordneten Instanzen zu überlassen, sondern es im mutigen Vertrauen auf die eigenen Potenzen in die eigene Hand zu nehmen. Mal abgesehen davon, dass dieser Topos vom selbstbestimmten Menschen die Mythologien und Heldenepen zahlreicher, auch nichteuropäischer Kulturen prägt, scheint an der neuzeitlichen europäischen Narration doch zumindest auffällig, ihr Ideal von Selbstwerdung wie auch gesellschaftlicher und individueller Vervollkommnung an die Vorstellung stetigen Fortschritts (...) zu binden. Am Beispiel einiger zentraler hinduistischer Vorstellungen werde ich aus einer kulturpsychologischen Perspektive zu skizzieren versuchen, dass individuelle Perfektionierung auch in kosmologischen Vorstellungen als möglich gedacht werden kann, in denen stetige Auflösung und Zerstörung als Prinzip alles Seins betont werden. Abschließend werden einige knappe Überlegungen dazu angestellt, wie derartige Vorstellungen dazu beitragen können, bestimmte Aspekte gegenwärtiger Gesellschaft und Politik umfassender zu analysieren.Sri Krishna:Ich bin der Tod, der Zerstörer von Welten.[...] Ich bin die Zeit, die Verschwenderin von Völkern. Ich mache den Augenblick reif für ihren Zerfall.Arjuna:Feuergesichtiger, du hauchst die Welten zu Asche. [...] Die furchtbaren Hauer all deiner Münder knirschen. [...] In deinem grausamen Rachen liegen sie alle, auch die Krieger, ihre Häupter zertrümmert.(Verse aus der Bhagavadgita, Kap. 11). (shrink)

Waal shows how ethical behavior is as much a matter of evolution as any other trait.

Quando o professor José Iran entrou como professor do quadro efetivo do DFIL,em 2003, faltavam apenas dois períodos para eu concluir meu curso de graduação.Nenhuma das disciplinas que eu estava matriculado era ministrada pelo professor José Iran. Não o conhecia ainda. Além disso, havia umas disciplinas que eu precisava estar matriculado, e Filosofia do Direito, à época uma disciplina optativa, não era definitivamente uma dessas disciplinas necessárias naquele contexto. Não era necessária para mim, mas alguns amigos fizeram a matrícula em (...) Filosofia do Direito. omo naquela época o sistema de oferta de disciplinas funcionava em modo de bloco aberto, era muito comum que pegássemos disciplinas diferentes daquelas que pegavam os nossos colegas contemporâneos de ingressão no curso. Meus colegas matriculados em Filosofia do Direito estavam muito preocupados com o conteúdo da disciplina.Mas sempre faziam comentários positivos sobre como a aula era conduzida pelo professor. Comentavam acerca das dificuldades que o conteúdo oferecia.Diziam o quanto achavam a filosofia hegeliana densa. Mas, a despeito da densidade de Hegel, também ressaltavam sobre o quanto o professor era muito preparado. Admiravam a habilidade que ele tinha em costurar dialeticamente as ideias de Hegel com as ideias de outros filósofos. Esses comentários foram me chamando a atenção. Eu nunca havia pegado uma disciplina cujo foco era Hegel. Na verdade, naquela condição de graduando, eu sabia muito pouco sobre a filosofia hegeliana.Fui olhar o horário da disciplina. Vi que ela acontecia nas quartas e sextas, no horário das quatorze às dezesseis horas. Nas quartas eu tinha o horário livre. Decidi chegar mais cedo nas quartas e assistir como ouvinte.Quando o professor entrou na sala, me dirigi a ele. Pedi permissão para ver a disciplina na condição de ouvinte. Sendo solícito como costuma ser, o Professor José Iran permitiu de pronto. (shrink)

The first half of the paper consists of a philosophical reflection upon a historical exchange. I discuss Buber’s famous letter, and another letter by J. L. Magnes, to Mahatma Gandhi, both challenging the universality of the principle of ahiṃsā. I also touch on Buber’s interest and acquaintance with Indian philosophy, as an instance of dialogue de-facto across cultures. Gandhi never answered these letters, but his grandson and philosopher extraordinaire Ramchandra Gandhi ›answers‹ Buber, not on the letter but about the ideal (...) of dialogue at large, and the interconnection of dialogue and ahiṃsā. The second half of the paper focuses on the work of Daya Krishna, another ›philosopher of dialogue.‹ from within Daya Krishna’s vast philosophical corpus, I underscore one of his last projects, in which he sketches the outlines of what he refers to as »knowledge without certainty,« contrary to common and traditional ways of perceiving the concept of knowledge. I argue that the pramāṇa, means and measure of knowledge, in the intriguing case of »knowledge without certainty,« depicted by Daya Krishna as open-ended, dynamic, constantly evolving, is inevitably dialogue, and I aim to disclose the meaning and salience of dialogue in Daya Krishna’s oeuvre. However, not just the content, but also the form, or the ›how,‹ matters in my paper. I use different materials across genres and disciplines to rethink, in dialogue with Buber and Daya Krishna, the possibilities and impossibilities of dialogue. These ›materials‹ include Milan Kundera and Richard Rorty, Krishna and Arjuna, Vrinda Dalmiya who works with the notion of care as bridging between epistemology and ethics, Wes Anderson on seeing through the eyes of the other, and Ben Okri on hospitality in the realm of ideas. As author of the present paper I am moderating an imagined a multi-vocal dialogue between these ›participants‹ on dialogue as concept, as craft and especially, as a great necessity in the world in which we live. (shrink)

This paper examines the understanding of a group of teachers about imagination and creation in their pedagogical activities. The three basic concepts — imagination, creation, and understanding— are studied in the light of Historical-Cultural Theory, with an emphasis on Vygotsky, Volóshinov, and Bakhtin. The research was conducted in one of the schools that are part of a collaborative partnership project with the university. The analysis of a conversation circle, mediated by the dialog-understanding relationship, was employed as the unit of analysis (...) to elucidate the teaching collective as a construct resulting from shared meanings. This construct expresses the culture and ideology of the teachers and the school in which they work. In their daily lives, teachers engage in imaginative and creative activities that allow them to move temporally and spatially through historical and other people's experiences. These experiences are drawn from their personal and professional lives, which are shaped by their relationships and interactions with their students. This dynamic drives them to act and resist the reproduction of existing practices, motivating them to take ownership of their work. We posit that teachers seek to integrate imagination into their teaching activities, aiming to create a space for hope and resistance! (shrink)

Throughout more than two millennia philosophers adhered massively to ideal standards of scientific rationality going back ultimately to Aristotle’s Analytica posteriora . These standards got progressively shaped by and adapted to new scientific needs and tendencies. Nevertheless, a core of conditions capturing the fundamentals of what a proper science should look like remained remarkably constant all along. Call this cluster of conditions the Classical Model of Science . In this paper we will do two things. First of all, we will (...) propose a general and systematized account of the Classical Model of Science. Secondly, we will offer an analysis of the philosophical significance of this model at different historical junctures by giving an overview of the connections it has had with a number of important topics. The latter include the analytic-synthetic distinction, the axiomatic method, the hierarchical order of sciences and the status of logic as a science. Our claim is that particularly fruitful insights are gained by seeing themes such as these against the background of the Classical Model of Science. In an appendix we deal with the historiographical background of this model by considering the systematizations of Aristotle’s theory of science offered by Heinrich Scholz, and in his footsteps by Evert W. Beth. (shrink)

El _Gorgias_ ofrece un arduo debate sobre la persuasión. Una de las tesis suscritas por Sócrates es que existen dos formas de persuasión: una que produce mera creencia –πειθὼ πιστευτική– y otra, muy distinta, que instruye –πειθὼ διδασκαλική–. Este artículo pretende, por una parte, relacionar estas dos formas de persuasión con la retórica tradicional y la actividad filosófica, respectivamente, y, por otra, analizar a partir de estas dos formas de persuasión el mito conclusivo del Gorgias, en el que Sócrates habla (...) acerca del destino del alma en el más allá. La conclusión es que el contenido del mito final es coherente con las tesis razonadas ofrecidas por Sócrates durante la parte dialogada y que, mediante el empleo del mito, Platón problematiza los límites de la enseñanza filosófica. (shrink)

Some theorists think that the more we get to know about the neural underpinnings of our behaviors, the less likely we will be to hold people responsible for their actions. This intuition has driven some to suspect that as neuroscience gains insight into the neurological causes of our actions, people will cease to view others as morally responsible for their actions, thus creating a troubling quandary for our legal system. This paper provides empirical evidence against such intuitions. Particularly, our studies (...) of folk intuitions suggest that (1) when the causes of an action are described in neurological terms, they are not found to be any more exculpatory than when described in psychological terms, and (2) agents are not held fully responsible even for actions that are fully neurologically caused. (shrink)

Experimental studies indicate that nonhuman animals and infants represent numerosities above three or four approximately and that their mental number line is logarithmic rather than linear. In contrast, human children from most cultures gradually acquire the capacity to denote exact cardinal values. To explain this difference, I take an extended mind perspective, arguing that the distinctly human ability to use external representations as a complement for internal cognitive operations enables us to represent natural numbers. Reviewing neuroscientific, developmental, and anthropological evidence, (...) I argue that the use of external media that represent natural numbers (like number words, body parts, tokens or numerals) influences the functional architecture of the brain, which suggests a two-way traffic between the brain and cultural public representations. (shrink)

A chegada de um grande empreendimento traz transformações de grandes escalas no ambiente urbano. O processo de reorganização espacial e de desenvolvimento da cidade passa a sofrer modificações aceleradas. Diante disto, esta pesquisa vem abordar as transformações, no município de Carpina-PE, ocorridas a partir do estabelecimento do Shopping Carpina, analisando o papel desse equipamento comercial nos aspectos socioeconômicos e na infraestrutura local. A importância desse debate se dá pela possibilidade de analisar as implicações advindas da instalação do shopping e suas (...) características, mostrando sua centralidade e importância para a evolução do município. Para tanto, foi empreendida uma abordagem qualitativa e quantitativa, utilizando questionários e entrevistas com as comunidades vizinhas, corretores de imóveis e secretaria de infraestrutura da cidade. A partir da análise da importância não só do crescimento econômico, mas também do crescimento imobiliário do município, foi possível avaliar as transformações urbanas e os impactos causados, contribuindo de modo significativo para a compreensão das percepções acerca dos espaços urbanos estabelecidos no município em questão. (shrink)

En este artículo realizaremos una lectura crítica de la teoría de la dominación propuesta por Bourdieu en el capítulo octavo de El sentido práctico, titulado “Los modos de dominación”. Allí se distinguen con claridad dos modos de dominación: la violencia abierta y la violencia simbólica, aseguradas en su reproducción por el pasaje de las relaciones interpersonales en “la sociedad tradicional” a la institucionalización vía mecanismos objetivos en la sociedad capitalista. En ese sentido, mostraremos continuidades y diferencias relativas a la versión (...) inicial de esta teoría presente en La reproducción, y, luego, propondremos una revisión crítica de esta teoría y de la distinción, tan clásica como problemática, entre objetividad y subjetividad con el propósito de contribuir al desarrollo de una fenomenología social de la dominación con fundamento en la obra de Bourdieu. (shrink)

Este artículo propone una relectura contemporánea de los textos de La Religión dentro de los límites de la mera razón en los cuales Kant esboza la idea de una comunidad ética universal. Esta idea kantiana se puede parangonar con las ideas de otros pensadores de la ilustración, que anticiparon la emergencia de nuevos sujetos sociales cosmopolitas diferentes del sujeto político encuadrado en las estructuras formales del Estado moderno, los cuales no se plantean fines directamente políticos, pero en cuanto tienen presencia (...) en el espacio público, adquieren también una relevancia política significativa. La comunidad ética, sin la cual no podríamos ser personas morales, es para Kant algo ya existente, como comunidades informales, particulares, fragmentadas, e independientes del sistema de las instituciones jurídico-políticas. Se trata de hacer reflexivos los fines morales de estas comunidades para que puedan abrirse a la unidad de todo el género humano. La significación de esta idea kantiana se redescubre y se puede valorar más adecuadamente recién hoy, en el contexto de los debates actuales de la filosofía política, a partir del descentramiento del Estado y del retorno de la sociedad civil, o de la recuperación de su autonomía, y de las redes de integración que significan formas de globalización alternativas. (shrink)

Please note: We can't take UK web orders at this time, but further information can be obtained by emailing [email protected]. US web orders are available now.

This paper concentrates on some aspects of the history of the analytic-synthetic distinction from Kant to Bolzano and Frege. This history evinces considerable continuity but also some important discontinuities. The analytic-synthetic distinction has to be seen in the first place in relation to a science, i.e. an ordered system of cognition. Looking especially to the place and role of logic it will be argued that Kant, Bolzano and Frege each developed the analytic-synthetic distinction within the same conception of scientific rationality, (...) that is, within the Classical Model of Science: scientific knowledge as cognitio ex principiis . But as we will see, the way the distinction between analytic and synthetic judgments or propositions functions within this model turns out to differ considerably between them. (shrink)

This book bears witness to the current reawakening of interest in Reid's philosophy. It first examines Reid's negative attack on the Way of Ideas, and finds him to be a devastating critic of his predecessors.

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to develop an ethical framework for the marketing of corporate social responsibility. Methods The approach is a conceptual one based on virtue ethics and on the corporate identity literature. Furthermore, empirical research results are used to describe the opportunities and pitfalls of using marketing communication tools in the strategy of building a virtuous corporate brand. Results/conclusions An ethical framework that addresses the paradoxical relation between the consequentialist perspective many proponents of the marketing of (...) CSR adopt, and ethical perspectives which criticize an exclusive profit-oriented approach to CSR. Furthermore, three CSR strategies in relation to the marketing of CSR are discussed. For each CSR strategy it is explored how a corporation could avoid falling into the promise/performance gap. (shrink)

Charles Peirce (1839-1914) est aujourd'hui considéré comme l'une des figures majeures de l'histoire de la philosophie. De plus en plus étudiée de par le monde, sa pensée se révèle profondément subtile, féconde et contemporaine. Philosophes, linguistes, psychologues, scientifiques de tous bords, nombreux sont les chercheurs qui trouvent chez le père du pragmatisme une source abondante d'idées neuves. C'est en 1867 que Peirce écrivit le texte inaugural de son œuvre, On a New List of Catégories. Texte dense et d'un abord difficile, (...) cet essai renouvelle l'ancienne recherche des premiers éléments de la pensée, apportant à cette quête fondamentale, menée précédemment par Aristote et Kant, une solution solidement ancrée dans la logique qui préside à chacune de nos représentations. Quels sont les éléments (les catégories universelles) qui constituent l'acte de représentation? La « Nouvelle liste » propose une réponse qui pour Peirce est à la fois l'aboutissement des dix premières années de son enquête philosophique (1867-1867) et le fondement de toute sa réflexion ultérieure. Le présent ouvrage s'efforce de reconstituer pas à pas cette recherche en offrant une analyse serrée de chacun des paragraphes de la « Nouvelle liste » ainsi que de très nombreux textes antérieurs souvent inédits et traduits ici pour la première fois. (shrink)

This article offers to reflect the matter of knowledge of God in contemporary, while marked by a predominantly secular context. Our theoretical assumption is the human condition, always in search of a vital sense. In principle, we will do an explanation of the foundations of God’s knowledge, a second time, we will discourse on a critical analysis of the speech of God in contemporary times, and finally reflect on the challenge of today's man to know God, even when thought to (...) be possible, or even feasible, ignore it. (shrink)

RESUMEN Giorgio Agamben ha caracterizado las reglas monásticas como la constitución de una forma de vida en que -más allá de la ley- la regla y la vida se tornan indiscernibles. En este artículo asumimos la invitación de Agamben a trazar la historia semántica del léxico de la regla y nos preguntamos qué ocurrió cuando, en la primera Modernidad, las reglas se extrapolaron a la trama completa del mundo de vida, como ocurrió en la espiritualidad metódica de protestantes y jesuitas. (...) A través del análisis de uno de los géneros de discurso que ilustra el encuadramiento normativo de las prácticas modernas en ambientes protestantes y jesuitas, los libros barrocos de regu-lae, caracterizamos cierto régimen discursivo y semiótico que sirvió de marco para el pensamiento metódico moderno y su racionalismo analítico. ABSTRACT Giorgio Agamben has characterized the monastic rules as the constitution of a way of life in which -beyond the law- the rule and the life become indiscernible. In this article we accept the invitation of Agamben to trace the semantic history of the lexicon of the rule and we wonder what happened when, in the first Modernity, the rules were extrapolated to the complete plot of the world of life, as in the methodical spirituality of Protestants and Jesuits. Through the analysis of one genre of discourse that illustrates the normative framing of modern practices in Protestant and Jesuit environments, the baroque books of regulae, we characterize a certain discursive and semiotic regime that served as a framework for modern methodical thought and its analytical rationalism. (shrink)

A classic work of the European Enlightenment--and one of the most popular, if scandalous, in its day--the Persian Letters captures, in an engaging epistolary format, the transformational spirit of the era. Amid an ongoing tale rife with sex, violence, and wit, the work addresses a diverse range of topics from human nature and the origins of society, to the nature and role of religious belief, the role of women, statecraft, justice, morality, and human identity. With skill and artistry, Raymond MacKenzie’s (...) stunning new translation accurately reflects the mood and character of the work. In his richly conceived Introduction, MacKenzie seamlessly weaves together an overview of the period with details of Montesquieu’s life, including the influences that inspired the _Persian Letters_, the character and power of the book, and its reception. This edition also includes a Calendar of the _Persian Letters_, a Bibliography of Works in English, and a Bibliography of Works in French. Related texts provide insight into the legacy of the _Persian Letters_. They include selections from works by George Lyttelton, Voltaire, Oliver Goldsmith, and Maria Edgeworth. (shrink)

Ancien professeur d'histoire de la philosophie à la Sorbonne, Maurice de Gandillac a traversé le siècle, depuis son Périgord natal jusqu'à Paris où il a côtoyé Sartre, Maurras, Maritain, Jankélévitch, Raymond Aron, Simone Weil, Claudel.