Capitolo I Il rispetto e l'ideale morale 1.1. Angeli, bruti e agenti 1.2. Il rispetto dell'altro 1.3. Il rispetto di sé 1.4. Auto−riflessione e auto−legislazione 1.5. Autonomia e individualità 1.6. Il rispetto e l'attenzione 1.7. Il rispetto e l'amore.

Der Begriff der Autorität verortet sich im 20. Jahrhundert in einer komplexen Matrix zwischen zeitgeschichtlichem Problembewusstsein, »konservativem« Denken und politischer Theoriebildung. Drei Perspektiven kennzeichnen die Rede von Autorität im 20. Jahrhundert: erstens die vermeintliche Krise einer vormals fraglosen Gültigkeit, zweitens der Versuch genealogischer Rückversicherung durch Versatzstücke der Tradition und drittens die Behauptung, Autorität könne als Grundbegriff politischer Theoriebildung und insbesondere demokratischer Ordnungen dienen. Der Sammelband analysiert das Konzept der Autorität entsprechend entlang der drei Dimensionen der Krise, der Konstruktion und der (...) Konjunktur. Der Band arbeitet dabei interdisziplinär: Vereint werden historische, literaturwissenschaftliche und philosophische Ansätze. (shrink)

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Über die Demokratie in Nordamerika.--Über dei Demokratie in Amerika,--Rede zur Aufnahme in die Französische Akademie.--Über Politik und Wissenschaft.--Aus den "Erinnerungen".--Aus dem Briefwechsel.--Aus "Das ancien Régime und die Revolution."--Aus den Fragmenten zur Fortsetzung von "L'ancien régime et la révolution."--Allgemeine Bemerkungen über die Florentinische Republik, besonders über den Unterschied zwischen der sogennanten Florentiner Demokratie und unserer heutigen Demokratie.--Aphorismen.

An analysis on St. Augustine's dialogue on the usefulness of faith (De utilitate credendi), where the distinction between authority and faith is critically discussed.

This paper aims to articulate the nexus of judgement and authority in the public use of reason: in the context, i.e., of the limits and conditions of possibility of public reason. It is an area characterized by a traditional alternative of judgement and authority: an alternative that largely coincides with a kind of «public excommunication» of authority, ie the recognition of the reason as the only acceptable form of argument of authority. This model knows, however, a profound crisis of plausibility: (...) it is a crisis that favors the emergence of forms of authority at high risk of authoritarian perversion. The thesis is that, to return authority to the public reason, some presuppositions need to recognize inescapable. These presuppositions are related to the dimensions of space and time as shared: as “public space” and “public time”. (shrink)

Molte questioni aperte che interessano la nostra società e ci fanno preoccupare per il futuro ruotano intorno a un problema fondamentale: capire chi sia davvero esperto in un determinato ambito e, di conseguenza, decidere di chi possiamo fidarci. È inevitabile che ognuno di noi debba riporre la propria fiducia in altri individui quando si tratta di questioni quali il riscaldamento globale e la tutela dell’ambiente, le terapie mediche a cui sottoporsi, la sicurezza informatica e l’istruzione dei propri figli. Ma come (...) dovremmo scegliere le persone a cui affidarci? E cosa dobbiamo fare quando il parere dell’esperto si discosta dalla nostra opinione? Il libro si propone di rispondere a queste domande offrendo una chiave di lettura originale e innovativa dell’attuale dibattito sulle nozioni di esperto e di autorità nella filosofia della conoscenza e nella filosofia morale di matrice analitica. (shrink)

Der Konflikt des katholischen Priesters und Münchner Philosophieprofessor Jakob Frohschammer mit der römischen Indexkongregation ist Teil der Geschichte der katholischen Kirche, welcher als Krankheitsgeschichte zu schreiben ist. Er währte über 20 Jahre, während derer fünf Verfahren gegen die Schriften Frohschammers angestrengt wurden. Mit Erfolg, wenn man darunter die Tatsache verstehen mag, dass alle auf den Index der verbotenen Bücher gesetzt wurden. Vorliegende Studie ist angetreten, erstmals den "Fall" Frohschammer anhand der Prozessmaterialien aus dem 1998 geöffneten Archiv der römischen Indexkongregation historisch (...) zu rekonstruieren und dogmatisch zu analysieren. Sie konzentriert sich auf den Zeitraum zwischen 1855 und 1864, da die beiden ersten Verfahren die bedeutendsten und gewichtigsten waren. Der Jesuit Joseph Kleutgen spielte im Rahmen dieser beiden Indexverfahren eine ebenso prominente wie massgebliche Rolle als Gutachter, weshalb diese Studie auch als Beitrag zur Kleutgen-Forschung gelesen werden muss. (shrink)

Le chapitre 13 de l’Épître aux Romains pose les bases sur lesquelles repose toute la conception du pouvoir dans la pensée politique médiévale. L’objectif de cet article est de reconstruire le processus de longue durée par lequel l’Occident latin a progressivement admis et théorisé la possibilité de désobéir aux autorités temporelles, bien que dans le cadre d’une théorie du pouvoir (à savoir la théorie paulino-augustinienne du pouvoir), qui semble ne laisser aucune place à la dissidence, conférant à chaque potestas une (...) origine divine et une nature providentielle. L’auteur retrace les principales étapes de ce processus : de l’idée que pour obtenir l’obéissance inconditionnelle de ses sujets, il faut se montrer « rex christianissimus » (protéger les personnes et les biens des ministres du Christ), à la difficile légitimation du tyrannicide chez Jean de Salisbury ; des pages de Thomas d’Aquin sur la déposition d’un souverain qui ne se soucie pas de la communis utilitas, à la reconnaissance explicite du pouvoir de destitution des seigneurs séculiers par certains théoriciens politiques des xiv e et xv e siècles. (shrink)

Drawing on Austin’s speech act theory, many influential scholars view hate speech in terms of speech acts, namely acts of subordination (MacKinnon 1987; Langton 1993, 2012, 2014; Hornsby and Langton 1998; McGowan 2003, 2004; Kukla and Lance 2009; Langton, Haslanger and Anderson 2012; Maitra 2012; Kukla 2014). Austin’s distinction between illocutionary and perlocutionary acts offers a way to set apart speech that constitutes subordination, and speech that merely causes subordination. The aim of my paper is to address the main objection (...) to accounts of hate speech in terms of illocutionary speech acts, that is the Authority Problem. In particular I will claim that what is missing from previous proposals is attention to the broader social context in which ordinary instances of hate speech are embedded, and in particular, attention to the social status of both the speaker and the audience. While the social position of the speaker has been examined by several approaches, the social position of the audience has too often been neglected. I will show that not only must the speaker have a certain kind of standing or social position in order to perform speech acts of subordination, but also the audience must have a certain kind of standing or social position in order to either license or object to the speaker’s authority, and her acts of subordination. (shrink)

“How should authority relate to common sense, in making the judgements that its functioning requires?” This essay tries to address this question. Firstly, it attempts at clarifying three key concepts which are deployed in the question: the concepts of authority, common sense, and judgement. Subsequently, it claims that the elucidation of those concepts suggests that we need to settle two preliminary issues, to begin with: a. given what authority is, what roles should formal logic and other sciences have in the (...) rational procedures which authority uses to make its judgements? b. In what sense can a suitable notion of common sense be common? Finally, the essay suggests, as an answer to the initial question, the view that common sense is a common ground of experiences and beliefs that all human beings can share, and that authority, in order to maintain its role, can make judgements based on scientific theories which are inaccessible to people subject to that authority, only to the extent that those theories are consistent with common sense. (shrink)

This paper looks into the relation between judgment and authority from the point of view of humanistic logic. It shows that the position of a domain of objects by a thinking subject endowed with authority is the preliminary condition of judgments which are not merely cognitive and include instead historical and cultural aspects. This lesson was disseminated in the work of Rudolph Agricola and Petrus Ramus. Too bad, however, too little attention has been given as yet to the vital role (...) played by the doctrine of the loci until Immanuel Kant. (shrink)

Basílio Teles foi um dos ideólogos e pensadores mais importantes do republicanismo português finissecular Todavia, representou, como nenhum outro, uma corrente ideológica autoritária ainda pouco conhecida e estudada entre nós, quanto à sua gén.