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Benjamin Hale [46]Benjamin S. Hale [2]
  1.  53
    Indeterminacy and impotence.Benjamin Hale - 2022 - Synthese 200 (3):1-24.
    Recent work in applied ethics has advanced a raft of arguments regarding individual responsibilities to address collective challenges like climate change or the welfare and environmental impacts of meat production. Frequently, such arguments suggest that individual actors have a responsibility to be more conscientious with their consumption decisions, that they can and should harness the power of the market to bring about a desired outcome. A common response to these arguments, and a challenge in particular to act-consequentialist reasoning, is that (...)
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  2.  78
    Nonrenewable Resources and the Inevitability of Outcomes.Benjamin Hale - 2011 - The Monist 94 (3):369-390.
  3.  33
    Restoration, Obligation, and the Baseline Problem.Alex Lee, Adam Pérou Hermans & Benjamin Hale - 2014 - Environmental Ethics 36 (2):171-186.
    Should we restore degraded nature, and if so, why? Environmental theorists often approach the problem of restoration from perspectives couched in much broader debates, particularly regarding the intrinsic value and moral status of natural entities. Unfortunately, such approaches are susceptible to concerns such as the baseline problem, which is both a philosophical and technical issue related to identifying an appropriate restoration baseline. Insofar as restoration ostensibly aims to return an ecosystem to a particular baseline state, and depends upon clearly identifying (...)
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  4. Moral Considerability: Deontological, not Metaphysical.Benjamin Hale - 2011 - Ethics and the Environment 16 (2):37-62.
    Ever since Kenneth Goodpaster published his article "On Being Morally Considerable," environmental ethicists have been engaged in a debate over whether animals, plants, and other natural objects matter morally (Goodpaster 1978). Many, if not most, theorists have treated the problem of moral considerability as a problem of status, arguing that earlier ethical positions have unjustifiably given privileged status to one group of beings over others. They have then proceeded in one of two ways. Either they have appealed to intrinsic value (...)
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  5.  23
    Geoengineering, Ocean Fertilization, and the Problem of Permissible Pollution.Benjamin Hale & Lisa Dilling - 2011 - Science, Technology, and Human Values 36 (2):190--212.
    Many geoengineering projects have been proposed to address climate change, including both solar radiation management and carbon removal techniques. Some of these methods would introduce additional compounds into the atmosphere or the ocean. This poses a difficult conundrum: Is it permissible to remediate one pollutant by introducing a second pollutant into a system that has already been damaged, threatened, or altered? We frame this conundrum as the ‘‘Problem of Permissible Pollution.’’ In this paper, we explore this problem by taking up (...)
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  6.  57
    Remediation and Respect: Do Remediation Technologies Alter Our Responsibility?Benjamin Hale & W. P. Grundy - 2009 - Environmental Values 18 (4):397-415.
    In this paper we examine the relation between technologies that aim to remediate pollution and moral responsibility. Contrary to the common view that successful remediation technologies will permit the wheels of industry to turn without interruption, we argue that such technologies do not exculpate polluters of responsibility. To make this case, we examine several environmental and non-environmental cases. We suggest that some strategies for understanding the moral problem of pollution, and particularly those that emphasise harms, exclude an important dimension of (...)
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  7. What's so moral about the moral hazard?Benjamin Hale - 2009 - Public Affairs Quarterly 23 (1):1-26.
    A "moral hazard" is a market failure most commonly associated with insurance, but also associated by extension with a wide variety of public policy scenarios, from environmental disaster relief, to corporate bailouts, to natural resource policy, to health insurance. Specifically, the term "moral hazard" describes the danger that, in the face of insurance, an agent will increase her exposure to risk. If not immediately clear, such terminology invokes a moral notion, suggesting that changing one's exposure to risk after becoming insured (...)
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  8.  57
    Non-Identity for Non-Humans.Duncan Purves & Benjamin Hale - 2016 - Ethical Theory and Moral Practice 19 (5):1165-1185.
    This article introduces a non-human version of the non-identity problem and suggests that such a variation exposes weaknesses in several proposed person-focused solutions to the classic version of the problem. It suggests first that person-affecting solutions fail when applied to non-human animals and, second, that many common moral arguments against climate change should be called into question. We argue that a more inclusive version of the person-affecting principle, which we call the ‘patient-affecting principle’, captures more accurately the moral challenge posed (...)
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  9.  24
    Engineering the Climate: The Ethics of Solar Radiation Management.Albert Borgmann, Holly Jean Buck, Wylie Carr, Forrest Clingerman, Maialen Galarraga, Benjamin Hale, Marion Hourdequin, Ashley Mercer, Konrad Ott, Clare Palmer, Ronald Sandler, Patrick Taylor Smith, Bronislaw Szerszynski & Kyle Powys Whyte (eds.) - 2012 - Lexington Books.
    Engineering the Climate: The Ethics of Solar Radiation Management is a wide-ranging and expert analysis of the ethics of the intentional management of solar radiation. This book will be a useful tool for policy-makers, a provocation for ethicists, and an eye-opening analysis for both the scientist and the general reader with interest in climate change.
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  10.  21
    From Treasure to Trash: The Lingering Value of Technological Artifacts.Benjamin Hale & Lucy McAllister - 2020 - Science and Engineering Ethics 26 (2):619-640.
    Electronic waste is the fastest growing form of waste worldwide, associated with a range of environmental, health, and justice problems. Unfortunately, disposal and recycling are hindered by a tendency of consumers to resist recycling their e-waste. This backlog of un-discarded e-waste poses significant challenges for the future. This paper addresses the reasons why many people might continue to value their technological artifacts and therefore to hoard them, suggesting that many of these common explanations are deficient in some way. It argues (...)
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  11.  31
    Clowning around with Conservation: Adaptation, Reparation and the New Substitution Problem.Benjamin Hale, Alexander Lee & Adam Hermans - 2014 - Environmental Values 23 (2):181-198.
    In this paper we introduce the ‘New Substitution Problem’ which, on its face, presents a problem for adaptation proposals that are justified by appeal to obligations of reparation. In contrast to the standard view, which is that obligations of reparation require that one restore lost value, we propose instead that obligations to aid and assist species and ecosystems in adaptation, in particular, follow from a failure to adequately justify – either by absence, neglect, omission or malice – actions that caused, (...)
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  12. Technology, the Environment, and the Moral Considerability of Artifacts.Benjamin Hale - 2009 - In Jan-Kyrre Berg Olsen, Evan Selinger & Søren Riis (eds.), New waves in philosophy of technology. New York: Palgrave-Macmillan.
  13.  13
    Clean Meat and Muddy Markets: Substitution and Indeterminacy in Consumerist Solutions to Animal Agriculture.Benjamin Hale, Sebastián Dueñas-Ocampo & Alexander Lee - 2024 - Food Ethics 9 (2):1-24.
    Synthetic meat products promise to serve as inexpensive substitute proteins that can replace meat made through conventional animal agriculture. At least some of the excitement about these products stems from ethical and moral concerns regarding animal welfare, environmental costs, and human health. A governing idea behind the creation of substitute meat is that consumers will recognize the ethical and moral concerns of conventional production and substitute one (better) product for another (worse) product. This approach, however, overlooks a much more practical (...)
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  14.  33
    Year One of Donald Trump’s Presidency on Climate and the Environment.Andrew Light & Benjamin Hale - 2018 - Ethics, Policy and Environment 21 (1):1-3.
    When Donald Trump was elected the 45th president of the United States in November 2016, many observers in the U.S. and international environmental communities began voicing concerns about the range...
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  15.  54
    Fukushima Daiichi, Normal Accidents, and Moral Responsibility: Ethical Questions about Nuclear Energy.Benjamin Hale - 2011 - Ethics, Policy and Environment 14 (3):263 - 265.
    Ethics, Policy & Environment, Volume 14, Issue 3, Page 263-265, October 2011.
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  16.  8
    Rights, Rules, and Respect for Nature.Benjamin Hale - 2017 - In Stephen M. Gardiner & Allen Thompson (eds.), Oxford Handbook of Environmental Ethics. Oxford University Press.
    For years, many people have believedthat the only reasonable way to approach a problem of environmental concern is to evaluate the eventuating state of affairs. Since environmental matters are primarily about states of affairs, these ‘consequentialist’ approaches appear to make sense. More recently, however, others have looked to different branches of philosophy for guidance. These non- or anti-consequentialist theorists typically fall into two camps: act-oriented camps and character-oriented camps. This chapter aims to defend nonconsequentialist act-oriented ethics, and in particular, a (...)
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  17.  19
    Designer Biology: The Ethics of Intensively Engineering Biological and Ecological Systems.Immaculada de Melo Martin, Valentina Urbanek, David Frank, William Kabasenche, Nicholas Agar, S. Matthew Liao, Anders Sandberg, Rebecca Roache, Allen Thompson, Stephen Jackson, Donald S. Maier, Nicole Hassoun, Benjamin Hale, Sune Holm & Scott Simmons (eds.) - 2013 - Lanham: Lexington Books.
    Designer Biology: The Ethics of Intensively Engineering Biological and Ecological Systems consists of thirteen chapters that address the ethical issues raised by technological intervention and design across a broad range of biological and ecological systems. Among the technologies addressed are geoengineering, human enhancement, sex selection, genetic modification, and synthetic biology.
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  18.  32
    Open to debate: Moral consideration and the lab monkey.Benjamin Hale - 2008 - American Journal of Bioethics 8 (6):53 – 54.
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  19.  85
    Private property and environmental ethics:. Some new directions.Benjamin Hale - 2008 - Metaphilosophy 39 (3):402–421.
    This article argues that teachers of environmental ethics must more aggressively entertain questions of private property in their work and in their teaching. To make this case, it first introduces the three primary positions on property: occupation arguments, labor theory of value arguments, and efficiency arguments. It then contextualizes these arguments in light of the contemporary U.S. wise-use movement, in an attempt to make sense of the concerns that motivate wise-use activists, and also to demonstrate how intrinsic value arguments miss (...)
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  20. The moral considerability of invasive transgenic animals.Benjamin Hale - 2006 - Journal of Agricultural and Environmental Ethics 19 (4):337-366.
    The term moral considerability refers to the question of whether a being or set of beings is worthy of moral consideration. Moral considerability is most readily afforded to those beings that demonstrate the clearest relationship to rational humans, though many have also argued for and against the moral considerability of species, ecosystems, and “lesser” animals. Among these arguments there are at least two positions: “environmentalist” positions that tend to emphasize the systemic relations between species, and “liberationist” positions that tend to (...)
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  21.  64
    Identity crisis: Face recognition technology and freedom of the will.Benjamin Hale - 2005 - Ethics, Place and Environment 8 (2):141 – 158.
    In this paper I present the position that the use of face recognition technology (FRT) in law enforcement and in business is restrictive of individual autonomy. I reason that FRT severely undermines autonomous self-determination by hobbling the idea of freedom of the will. I distinguish this position from two other common arguments against surveillance technologies: the privacy argument (that FRT is an invasion of privacy) and the objective freedom argument (that FRT is restrictive of one's freedom to act). To make (...)
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  22. (1 other version)Gavagai Goulash: Growing Organs for Food.Benjamin Hale - 2007 - Think 5 (15):61-70.
    Recent advancements in stem-cell research have given scientists hope that new technologies will soon enable them to grow a variety of organs for transplantation into humans. Though such developments are still in their early stages, romantic prognosticators are hopeful that scientists will be capable of growing fully functioning and complex organs, such as hearts, kidneys, muscles, and livers. This raises the question of whether such profound medical developments might have other potentially fruitful applications. In the spirit of innovation, this paper (...)
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  23.  36
    Ecoscapes: Geographical Patternings of Relations.Gary Backhaus, John Murungi, Jose-Hector Abraham, Azucena Cruz, Benjamin Hale, Jessica Hayes-Conroy, John E. Jalbert, Eduardo Mendieta, Troy Paddock, Christine Petto, Dennis E. Skocz & Alex Zukas (eds.) - 2006 - Lexington Books.
    This volume presents the concept of Ecoscape as spatial interrelations, or spatially patterned processes, that are constitutive of an environment_an ecosystem. Contributors investigate environmental issues concerning the human impact on geohistory, food distribution, genetically modified biota, waste management, scientific mapping, and the rethinking of human identity.
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  24.  65
    Culpability and Blame after Pregnancy Loss.Benjamin Hale - 2007 - Journal of Medical Ethics 33 (1):24-27.
    The problem of feeling guilty about a pregnancy loss is suggested to be primarily a moral matter and not a medical or psychological one. Two standard approaches to women who blame themselves for a loss are first introduced, characterised as either psychologistic or deterministic. Both these approaches are shown to underdetermine the autonomy of the mother by depending on the notion that the mother is not culpable for the loss if she "could not have acted otherwise". The inability to act (...)
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  25. Choosing to Sleep.Benjamin Hale & Lauren Hale - 2009 - In Angus Dawson (ed.), The Philosophy of Public Health. Ashgate.
    In this paper we claim that individual subjects do not have so much control over sleep that it is aptly characterized as a personal choice; and that normative implications related to public health and sleep hygiene do not necessarily follow from current findings. It should be true of any empirical study that normative implications do not necessarily follow, but we think that many public health sleep recommendations falsely infer these implications from a flawed explanatory account of the decision to sleep: (...)
     
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  26. Can We Remediate Wrongs?Benjamin Hale - 2013 - In Avram Hiller, Ramona Ilea & Leonard Kahn (eds.), Consequentialism and environmental ethics. New York: Routledge. pp. 147-163.
  27.  60
    Ethics, Policy & Environment : A New Name and a Renewed Mission.Benjamin Hale & Andrew Light - 2011 - Ethics, Policy and Environment 14 (1):1-2.
    Readers of Ethics, Place & Environment will notice at least one major change in this inaugural 2011 issue. Namely, we are no longer operating under the same name. At the Eastern Division American P...
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  28. Pollution.Benjamin S. Hale - 2014 - In Darrel Moellendorf & Heather Widdows (eds.), The Routledge Handbook of Global Ethics. London: Routledge.
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  29.  94
    Philosophy Looks at Chess.Benjamin Hale (ed.) - 2008 - Open Court Press.
    This book offers a collection of contemporary essays that explore philosophical themes at work in chess. This collection includes essays on the nature of a game, the appropriateness of chess as a metaphor for life, and even deigns to query whether Garry Kasparov might—just might—be a cyborg. In twelve unique essays, contributed by philosophers with a broad range of expertise in chess, this book poses both serious and playful questions about this centuries-old pastime. -/- Perhaps more interestingly, philosophers have often (...)
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  30.  26
    The Routledge Companion to Environmental Ethics.Benjamin Hale & Andrew Light (eds.) - 2016 - Routledge.
    _The Routledge Companion to Environmental Ethics_ is comprised of sixty original essays, which focus on how ethical questions intersect with real and pressing policy issues. Rather than overviewing abstract conceptual categories, the authors focus on specific controversies involving the environment. Clearly written contributions on Fossil Fuels, Urban Sustainability, Novel Ecosystems, and many other subjects make accessible these issues‘ empirical and political dimensions as well as their theoretical underpinnings. Written to be accessible for undergraduates and general readers, but comprehensive enough to (...)
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  31.  75
    Risk, Judgment and Fairness in Research Incentives.Benjamin Hale - 2007 - American Journal of Bioethics 7 (2):82-83.
  32. Remediation vs. steering : an act-description approach to approving and funding geoengineering research.Benjamin Hale - 2013 - In Ronald L. Sandler & John Basl (eds.), Designer Biology: The Ethics of Intensively Engineering Biological and Ecological Systems. Lanham: Lexington Books.
     
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  33. Takings.Benjamin Hale - 2008 - In Baird Callicott & Robert Frodeman (eds.), Encyclopedia of Environmental Ethics and Philosophy: Abbey to Israel. Macmillan Reference.
  34. Technology, the environment, and the moral considerability of artefacts.Benjamin Hale - 2009 - In Jan Kyrre Berg Olsen Friis, Evan Selinger & Søren Riis (eds.), New waves in philosophy of technology. New York: Palgrave-Macmillan.
     
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  35.  12
    The wild and the wicked: on nature and human nature.Benjamin Hale - 2016 - Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
    A brief foray into a moral thicket, exploring why we should protect nature despite tsunamis, malaria, bird flu, cancer, killer asteroids, and tofu. Most of us think that in order to be environmentalists, we have to love nature. Essentially, we should be tree huggers—embracing majestic redwoods, mighty oaks, graceful birches, etc. We ought to eat granola, drive hybrids, cook tofu, and write our appointments in Sierra Club calendars. Nature's splendor, in other words, justifies our protection of it. But, asks Benjamin (...)
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  36.  22
    Wildness without Naturalness.Benjamin Hale, Adam Amir & Alexander Lee - 2021 - Ethics, Policy and Environment 24 (1):16-26.
    ABSTRACT Some fear the Anthropocene heralds the end of nature, while others argue that nature will persist throughout the Anthropocene. Still others worry that acknowledging the Anthropocene grants humanity broad license to further inject itself into nature. We propose that this debate rests on a conflation between naturalness and wildness. Where naturalness is best understood as fundamentally a metaphysical category, wildness can be better understood as an inter-relational category. The raccoons in cities, the deer in suburban yards, the coyotes hunting (...)
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  37.  46
    Is Justice Good for Your Sleep? (And therefore, Good for Your Health?).Benjamin Hale - 2009 - Social Theory and Health 7 (4):354-370.
    In this paper, we present an argument strengthening the view of Norman Daniels, Bruce Kennedy and Ichiro Kawachi that justice is good for one's health. We argue that the pathways through which social factors produce inequalities in sleep more strongly imply a unidirectional and non-voluntary causality than with most other public health issues. Specifically, we argue against the 'voluntarism objection' – an objection that suggests that adverse public health outcomes can be traced back to the free and voluntary choices of (...)
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  38.  31
    Conservation Floors and Degradation Ceilings.Alexander Lee, Alex Hamilton & Benjamin Hale - 2020 - Environmental Ethics 42 (2):135-148.
    U.S. conservation policy, both in structure and in practice, places a heavy burden on conservationists to halt development projects, rather than on advocates of development to defend their proposed actions. In this paper, we identify this structural phenomenon in several landmark environmental policies and in practice in the contemporary debate concerning oil drilling in the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge. The burdens placed on conservation can be understood in terms of constraints—as conservation ‘floors’ and degradation ‘ceilings’. At base, these floors and (...)
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  39. Do animals have rights? – Alison Hills. [REVIEW]Benjamin Hale - 2008 - Philosophical Quarterly 58 (231):379–382.
  40.  65
    Experience and the environment: Phenomenology returns to earth. [REVIEW]Benjamin Hale - 2005 - Human Studies 28 (1):101 - 106.
  41.  33
    John Dewey and environmental philosophy. [REVIEW]Benjamin Hale - 2007 - Journal of Applied Philosophy 24 (3):331–333.
  42. Review of Ecological Ethics. [REVIEW]Benjamin Hale - 2007 - Organization and Environment 20 (4).
     
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  43.  21
    The Incompleat Eco-Philosopher. [REVIEW]Benjamin Hale - 2012 - Social Theory and Practice 38 (1):160-164.
  44.  24
    The Phenomenology of Modern Legal Discourse. [REVIEW]Benjamin S. Hale - 2002 - Symposium: Canadian Journal of Continental Philosophy/Revue canadienne de philosophie continentale 6 (1):105-110.
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  45.  42
    What we want animals to want. [REVIEW]Benjamin Hale - 2004 - American Journal of Bioethics 4 (4):83-85.