Results for 'Bryan G. Wiebe'

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Bryan G. Wiebe
University of Saskatchewan
  1. Unavoidable Blameworthiness.Bryan G. Wiebe - 2000 - Journal of Philosophical Research 25:275-283.
    The Kantian ethical position, especially as represented in Alan Donagan, rejects the possibility of unavoidable blameworthiness. Donagan also holds that morality is learned by participation. But consider: there must be some first instance of an agent’s being held blameworthy. To hold the agent blameworthy in that instance supposes that the agent could have known what morality required so as to be able to avoid blameworthiness. But before experiencing blameworthiness the agent can have no real understanding of the significance of morality’s (...)
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  2.  5
    Unavoidable Blameworthiness.Bryan G. Wiebe - 2000 - Journal of Philosophical Research 25:275-283.
    The Kantian ethical position, especially as represented in Alan Donagan, rejects the possibility of unavoidable blameworthiness. Donagan also holds that morality is learned by participation. But consider: there must be some first instance of an agent’s being held blameworthy. To hold the agent blameworthy in that instance supposes that the agent could have known what morality required so as to be able to avoid blameworthiness. But before experiencing blameworthiness the agent can have no real understanding of the significance of morality’s (...)
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  3.  89
    Sustainability : A Philosophy of Adaptive Ecosystem Management.Bryan G. Norton (ed.) - 2005 - University of Chicago Press.
    Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 0-226-595 19-6 (cloth : alk. paper) . A . 1. Environmental policy. 2. Environmental management — Decision making. 3. Interdisciplinary research. 4. Communication in science. 5. Sustainable ...
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  4. Toward Unity Among Environmentalists.Bryan G. Norton - 1991 - Oxford University Press.
    The focus of Norton's book is the distinction between objectives and values in developing environmental policies. Norton argues that environmentalism is a coalition of many groups working toward common objectives, but unlike other social action movements the environmental coalition does not have shared moral principles.
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  5. Toward Unity Among Environmentalists.Bryan G. Norton - 1993 - Environmental Values 2 (3):271-274.
     
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  6.  43
    Environmental Ethics and Weak Anthropocentrism.Bryan G. Norton - 1984 - Environmental Ethics 6 (2):131-148.
    The assumption that environmental ethics must be nonanthropocentric in order to be adequate is mistaken. There are two forms of anthropocentrism, weak and strong, and weak anthropocentrism is adequate to support an environmental ethic. Environmental ethics is, however, distinctive vis-a-vis standard British and American ethical systems because, in order to be adequate, it must be nonindividualistic.Environmental ethics involves decisions on two levels, one kind of which differs from usual decisions affecting individual fairness while the other does not. The latter, called (...)
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  7. Searching for Sustainability: Interdisciplinary Essays in the Philosophy of Conservation Biology.Bryan G. Norton - 2002 - New York, NY, USA: Cambridge University Press.
    This book examines from a multidisciplinary viewpoint the question of what we mean - what we should mean - by setting sustainability as a goal for environmental management. The author, trained as a philosopher of science and language, explores ways to break down the disciplinary barriers to communication and deliberation about environment policy, and to integrate science and evaluations into a more comprehensive environmental policy. Choosing sustainability as the keystone concept of environmental policy, the author explores what we can learn (...)
     
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  8.  99
    Why I am Not a Nonanthropocentrist: Callicott and the Failure of Monistic Inherentism.Bryan G. Norton - 1995 - Environmental Ethics 17 (4):341-358.
    I contrast two roles for environmental philosophers—“applied philosophy” and “practical philosophy”—and show that the strategy of applied philosophy encourages an axiological and monistic approach to theory building. I argue that the mission of applied philosophy, and the monistic theory defended by J. Baird Callicott, in particular, tends to separate philosophers and their problems from real management issues because applied philosophers and moral monists insist that theoretical exploration occurs independent of, and prior to, applications in particular situations. This separation of theory (...)
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  9.  19
    Ethics on the Ark: Zoos, Animal Welfare, and Wildlife Conservation.Bryan G. Norton, Michael Hutchins, Terry Maple & Elizabeth Stevens - 2012 - Smithsonian Institution.
    Ethics on the Ark presents a passionate, multivocal discussion—among zoo professionals, activists, conservation biologists, and philosophers—about the future of zoos and aquariums, the treatment of animals in captivity, and the question of whether the individual, the species, or the ecosystem is the most important focus in conservation efforts. Contributors represent all sides of the issues. Moving from the fundamental to the practical, from biodiversity to population regulation, from animal research to captive breeding, Ethics on the Ark represents an important gathering (...)
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  10. Environmental ethics and weak anthropocentrism.Bryan G. Norton - 1984 - Environmental Ethics 6 (2):131-148.
    The assumption that environmental ethics must be nonanthropocentric in order to be adequate is mistaken. There are two forms of anthropocentrism, weak and strong, and weak anthropocentrism is adequate to support an environmental ethic. Environmental ethics is, however, distinctive vis-a-vis standard British and American ethical systems because, in order to be adequate, it must be nonindividualistic.Environmental ethics involves decisions on two levels, one kind of which differs from usual decisions affecting individual fairness while the other does not. The latter, called (...)
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  11.  25
    Bryan G. Norton: Why Preserve Natural Variety? [REVIEW]Scott Lehmann - 1988 - Environmental Ethics 10 (3):275-278.
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  12. Bryan G. Norton, ed., The Preservation of Species Reviewed by.Holmes Rolston Iii - 1986 - Philosophy in Review 6 (10):519-521.
     
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  13.  7
    Linguistic Frameworks and Ontology: A Re-Examination of Carnap’s Metaphilosophy.Bryan G. Norton - 2019 - Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG.
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  14. Bryan G. Norton, ed., The Preservation of Species. [REVIEW]Iii Holmes Rolston - 1986 - Philosophy in Review 6:519-521.
     
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  15. Bryan G. Norton, Searching for Sustainability: Interdisciplinary Essays in the Philosophy of Conservation Biology Reviewed by.Roger Petry - 2005 - Philosophy in Review 25 (2):129-132.
     
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  16.  12
    Environmental Ethics and Nonhuman Rights.Bryan G. Norton - 1982 - Environmental Ethics 4 (1):17-36.
    If environmentalists are to combat effectively the continuing environmental decay resulting from more and more intense human exploitation of nature, they need a plausible and coherent rationale for preserving sensitive areas and other species. This need is illustrated by reference to two examples of controversies concerning large public projects in wilderness areas. Analyses of costs and benefits to presently existing human beings and the utilitarian theory which supports such theories are inadequate to provide such a rationale, as other writers have (...)
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  17.  33
    Bryan G. Norton, ed.: The Preservation of Species. [REVIEW]Fred Gifford - 1988 - Environmental Ethics 10 (1):91-94.
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  18.  95
    Epistemology and Environmental Values.Bryan G. Norton - 1992 - The Monist 75 (2):208-226.
    Gifford Pinchot, the first official U.S. Forester, wrote: “There are just two things on this material earth—people and natural resources.” This philosophy apparently implies that all things other than people have only instrumental value. Environmentalists, even professional foresters, today believe that Gifford Pinchot’s system of forest management is both theoretically and practically inadequate. A difficult, and central, problem in the theory of environmental management is therefore to characterize exactly how Pinchot went wrong. If we knew that, we would be well (...)
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  19.  57
    Environmental Ethics and the Rights of Future Generations.Bryan G. Norton - 1982 - Environmental Ethics 4 (4):319-337.
    Do appeals to rights and/or interests of the members of future generations provide an adequate basis for an environmental ethic? Assuming that rights and interests are, semantically, individualistic concepts, I present an argument following Derek Parfit which shows that a policy of depletion may harm no existing individuals, present or future. Although this argument has, initially, an air of paradox, I showthat the argument has two intuitive analogues-the problem ofgenerating a morally justified and environmentally sound population policy and the problem (...)
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  20.  18
    Bryan G. Norton, Sustainable Values, Sustainable Change: A Guide to Environmental Decision Making.Evelyn Brister - 2017 - Environmental Values 26 (2):251-253.
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  21.  87
    Conservation and Preservation.Bryan G. Norton - 1986 - Environmental Ethics 8 (3):195-220.
    Philosophers have paid little attention to the distinction between conservation and preservation, apparently because they have accepted John Passmore’s suggestion that conservationism is an expression of anthropocentric motives and that “true” preservationism is an expression of nonanthropocentric motives. Philosophers have therefore concentrated their efforts on this distinction in motives. This reduction,however, is insensitive to important nuances of environmentalist objectives: there are a wide variety of human reasons for preserving natural ecosystems and wild species. Preservationist policies represent a concem to protect (...)
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  22. Convergence and divergence: the convergence hypothesis twenty years later.Bryan G. Norton - 2009 - In Ben A. Minteer (ed.), Nature in Common?: Environmental Ethics and the Contested Foundations of Environmental Policy. Temple University Press.
     
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  23. Envircnrr. or. iii! Efrics.Bryan G. Norton - forthcoming - Environmental Ethics: Divergence and Convergence.
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  24.  93
    Environmental Values.Bryan G. Norton & Bruce Hannon - 1997 - Environmental Ethics 19 (3):227-245.
    Several recent authors have recommended that “sense of place” should become an important concept in our evaluation of environmental policies. In this paper, we explore aspects of this concept, arguing that it may provide the basis for a new, “place-based” approach to environmental values. This approach is based on an empirical hypothesis that place orientation is a feature of all people’s experience of their environment. We argue that place orientation requires, in addition to a home perspective, a sense of the (...)
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  25.  76
    Environmental ethics and nonhuman rights.Bryan G. Norton - 1982 - Environmental Ethics 4 (1):17-36.
    If environmentalists are to combat effectively the continuing environmental decay resulting from more and more intense human exploitation of nature, they need a plausible and coherent rationale for preserving sensitive areas and other species. This need is illustrated by reference to two examples of controversies concerning large public projects in wilderness areas. Analyses of costs and benefits to presently existing human beings and the utilitarian theory which supports such theories are inadequate to provide such a rationale, as other writers have (...)
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  26.  16
    Modeling sustainability in economics and ecology.Bryan G. Norton - 2011 - In Kevin deLaplante, Bryson Brown & Kent A. Peacock (eds.), Philosophy of Ecology. North-Holland. pp. 11--363.
  27.  17
    Bryan G. Norton: Searching for Sustainability: Interdisciplinary Essays in the Philosophy of Conservation Biology. [REVIEW]James Justus - 2004 - Philosophy of Science 71 (2):232-235.
  28.  12
    Thoreau’s Insect Analogies: Or Why Environmentalists Hate Mainstream Economists.Bryan G. Norton - 1991 - Environmental Ethics 13 (3):235-251.
    Thoreau believed that we can learn how to live by observing nature, a view that appeals to modem environmentalists. This doctrine is exemplified in Thoreau’s use of insect analogies to illustrate how humans, like butterflies, can be transformed from the “larval” stage, which relates to the physical world through consumption, to a “perfect” state in which consumption is less important, and in which freedom and contemplation are the ends of life. This transformational idea rests upon a theory of dynamic dualism (...)
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  29.  9
    Clearing the Way for a Life-Centered Ethic for Business.Bryan G. Norton - 2000 - The Ruffin Series of the Society for Business Ethics 2:159-165.
    I agree with much of Freeman and Reichart’s paper; so, by way of comment, I will simply supplement his argument in two ways. First, agreeing with their conclusion that we can, and should, re-direct business toward environmental protection without embracing a nonanthropocentric ethic, I will show that the pre-occupation of recent and contemporary environmental ethics with the anthropocentrism/non-anthropocentrism debate is avoidable. It rests on a misinterpretation of possible moral responses to the arrogance with which Western science, technology, and culture has (...)
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  30. Beyond positivist ecology: Toward an integrated ecological ethics.Bryan G. Norton - 2008 - Science and Engineering Ethics 14 (4):581-592.
    A post-positivist understanding of ecological science and the call for an “ecological ethic” indicate the need for a radically new approach to evaluating environmental change. The positivist view of science cannot capture the essence of environmental sciences because the recent work of “reflexive” ecological modelers shows that this requires a reconceptualization of the way in which values and ecological models interact in scientific process. Reflexive modelers are ecological modelers who believe it is appropriate for ecologists to examine the motives for (...)
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  31.  32
    Convergence, Noninstrumental Value and the Semantics of 'Love': Comment on McShane.Bryan G. Norton - 2008 - Environmental Values 17 (1):5 - 14.
    Katie McShane, while accepting my 'convergence hypothesis' (the view that anthropocentrists and nonanthropocentrists will tend to propose similar policies), argues that nonanthropocentrism is nevertheless superior because it allows conservationists to have a deeper emotional commitment to natural objects than can anthropocentrists. I question this reasoning on two bases. First, McShane assumes a philosophically tendentious distinction between intrinsic and instrumental value – a distinction that presupposes a dualistic worldview. Second, I question why McShane believes anthropocentrists – weak anthropocentrists, that is – (...)
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  32.  46
    The Ways of Wickedness: Analyzing Messiness with Messy Tools. [REVIEW]Bryan G. Norton - 2012 - Journal of Agricultural and Environmental Ethics 25 (4):447-465.
    The revelatory paper, “Dilemmas in the General Theory of Planning,” by Rittel and Webber (Policy Sci 4:155–169, 1973 ) has had great impact because it provides one example of an emergent consensus across many disciplines. Many “problems,” as addressed in real-world situations, involve elements that exceed the complexity of any known or hoped-for model, or are “wicked.” Many who encounter this work for the first time find that their concept of wicked problems aptly describes many environmental disputes. For those frustrated (...)
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  33. In His Likeness: Forty Selections on the Imitation of Christ Through the Centuries.G. McLeod Bryan - 1959
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  34.  30
    What Leopold Learned from Darwin and Hadley: Comment on Callicott et al.Bryan G. Norton - 2011 - Environmental Values 20 (1):7 - 16.
    This comment explains why the claims of Callicott et al. in their paper 'Was Aldo Leopold a Pragmatist?' (Environmental Values 18 (2009): 453—486) are incorrect. The arguments they make are shown to be based upon several misunderstandings. In addition, important contributions by Aldo Leopold to the philosophy of conservation are missed.
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  35.  15
    Environmental Values.Bryan G. Norton & Bruce Hannon - 1997 - Environmental Ethics 19 (3):227-245.
    Several recent authors have recommended that “sense of place” should become an important concept in our evaluation of environmental policies. In this paper, we explore aspects of this concept, arguing that it may provide the basis for a new, “place-based” approach to environmental values. This approach is based on an empirical hypothesis that place orientation is a feature of all people’s experience of their environment. We argue that place orientation requires, in addition to a home perspective, a sense of the (...)
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  36.  1
    Ecological Ethics and Politics. [REVIEW]Bryan G. Norton - 1985 - Environmental Ethics 7 (1):71-74.
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  37.  22
    Convergence and contextualism: some clarifications and a reply to Steverson.Bryan G. Norton - 2009 - In Ben A. Minteer (ed.), Environmental Ethics. Temple University Press. pp. 87-100.
    The convergence hypothesis asserts that, if one takes the full range of human values—present and future—into account, one will choose a set of policies that can also be accepted by an advocate of a consistent and reasonable nonanthropocentrism. Brian Steverson has attacked this hypothesis from a surprising direction. He attributes to deep ecologists the position that nonhuman nature has intrinsic value, interprets this position to mean that no species could ever be allowed to go extinct, and proceeds to show that (...)
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  38.  30
    Ecosystem Health: New Goals for Environmental Management.Robert Costanza & Bryan G. Norton - 1992
    Discusses managing the environment from philosophical, scientific, and political perspectives.
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  39.  79
    Environmental ethics and the rights of future generations.Bryan G. Norton - 1982 - Environmental Ethics 4 (4):319-337.
    Do appeals to rights and/or interests of the members of future generations provide an adequate basis for an environmental ethic? Assuming that rights and interests are, semantically, individualistic concepts, I present an argument following Derek Parfit which shows that a policy of depletion may harm no existing individuals, present or future. Although this argument has, initially, an air of paradox, I showthat the argument has two intuitive analogues-the problem ofgenerating a morally justified and environmentally sound population policy and the problem (...)
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  40.  56
    Convergence and Contextualism.Bryan G. Norton - 1997 - Environmental Ethics 19 (1):87-100.
    The convergence hypothesis asserts that, if one takes the full range of human values—present and future—into account, one will choose a set of policies that can also be accepted by an advocate of a consistent and reasonable nonanthropocentrism. Brian Steverson has attacked this hypothesis from a surprising direction. He attributes to deep ecologists the position that nonhuman nature has intrinsic value, interprets this position to mean that no species could ever be allowed to go extinct, and proceeds to show that (...)
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  41.  74
    The past and future of environmental ethics/ philosophy.Bryan G. Norton - 2007 - Ethics and the Environment 12 (2):134-136.
    In lieu of an abstract, here is a brief excerpt of the content:The Past and Future of Environmental Ethics/PhilosophyBryan Norton (bio)About 15 years ago, at one of the first meetings of the group known as the International Society for Environmental Ethics (ISEE) at American Philosophical Association (APA) meetings, I drew an analogy with the field of medical ethics, arguing that environmental ethicists should look beyond philosophy departments and seek liaisons with Schools of Forestry, Schools of Marine Science, and Environmental Studies (...)
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  42.  14
    Environmental Philosophy at the Edges of Science.Bryan G. Norton - 2022 - The Harvard Review of Philosophy 29:1-20.
    While environmental ethics has flourished and contributed to the discussion of environmental policy, other areas of philosophy (epistemology, for example), have been less in evidence in these discussions. In this paper, we explore a role for these neglected areas: they are best viewed as meta-level discussions of the conceptual and linguistic problems that arise as scientists develop models at the edges of scientific fields relevant to our understanding of environmental problems and possible solutions. The relevant fields, which might differ depending (...)
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  43.  9
    Convergence and Contextualism.Bryan G. Norton - 1997 - Environmental Ethics 19 (1):87-100.
    The convergence hypothesis asserts that, if one takes the full range of human values—present and future—into account, one will choose a set of policies that can also be accepted by an advocate of a consistent and reasonable nonanthropocentrism. Brian Steverson has attacked this hypothesis from a surprising direction. He attributes to deep ecologists the position that nonhuman nature has intrinsic value, interprets this position to mean that no species could ever be allowed to go extinct, and proceeds to show that (...)
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  44.  48
    Ética ambiental y Antropocentrismo débil.Bryan G. Norton - 2020 - Humanitas Hodie 2 (2):h224.
    La suposición de que una ética ambiental adecuada debe ser no-antropocéntrica es errónea. Hay dos formas de antropocentrismo: débil y fuerte, y el primero es suficiente para mantener una ética ambien¬tal. Sin embargo, la ética ambiental sí difiere de los sistemas éticos británicos y norteamericanos en la medida en que, para ser adecuada, debe ser no-individualista. La ética ambiental contiene dos niveles de decisión: el primero refiere a las decisiones usuales que afectan la equidad individual, el segundo no tiene esta (...)
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  45.  83
    Should environmentalists be organicists?Bryan G. Norton - 1993 - Topoi 12 (1):21-30.
  46.  49
    Politics and Epistemology.Bryan G. Norton - 2007 - Environmental Ethics 29 (3):299-306.
    Kevin Elliott has argued that I defend two “conceptions” of adaptive management processes in my book, Sustainability: A Philosophy of Adaptive Ecosystem Management, calling the conceptions “political” and “metaphysical,” respectively. Elliott claims that I must choose between them. Elliott has not sufficiently explained how he proceeds from the claim that I provide two separable arguments for my adaptive management process to his conclusion that I have two conceptions of this process. Once this confusion is clarified, it becomes clear that adapting (...)
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  47.  3
    Dravidian poem translated into Pali? Apadana-atthakatha/Visuddhajanavilasini |.Bryan G. Levman - 2021 - Buddhist Studies Review 38 (2).
    This article examines a poem in the Kaludayittherapadanavannana which expands on the poem attributed to Kaludayitthera in the Theragatha; the poem in the Kaludayittherapadanavannana did not make it into the final canon. The hypothesis of this paper is that the poem may be a popular Dravidian song adapted to Buddhist use and translated into Pali, and this is the primary reason it was excluded from the canon. This conclusion is based on several factors. 1) The author of the Pali poem (...)
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  48.  32
    Book ReviewJohn Foster,, ed. Valuing Nature? Economics, Ethics, and the Environment. New York: Routledge, 1997. Pp. xi+273. $85.00 ; $25.99. [REVIEW]Bryan G. Norton - 2001 - Ethics 111 (3):630-632.
  49.  30
    J. Baird Callicott: In Defense of the Land Ethic. [REVIEW]Bryan G. Norton - 1991 - Environmental Ethics 13 (2):181-186.
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  50.  51
    De re modality, generic essences, and science.Bryan G. Norton - 1980 - Philosophia 9 (2):167-186.
    I have taken the traditional problem of the seeming interdependence of identity concepts and essentialistic concepts and the attendant difficulties with circularity as a starting point in my consideration of recent attempts to provide accounts ofde re essences. Having distinguished between theories of individual and generic essences, I have shown how a linguistic device based upon a new approach to referring expressions has, perhaps, provided some advance in the understanding of individualde re essences. I have argued that, however efficacious these (...)
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