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Christine Grady [89]C. Grady [6]Carla Deicke Grady [2]Caitlin Grady [1]
Cheryl Grady [1]Cheryl L. Grady [1]
  1. Reframing Consent for Clinical Research: A Function-Based Approach.Scott Y. H. Kim, David Wendler, Kevin P. Weinfurt, Robert Silbergleit, Rebecca D. Pentz, Franklin G. Miller, Bernard Lo, Steven Joffe, Christine Grady, Sara F. Goldkind, Nir Eyal & Neal W. Dickert - 2017 - American Journal of Bioethics 17 (12):3-11.
    Although informed consent is important in clinical research, questions persist regarding when it is necessary, what it requires, and how it should be obtained. The standard view in research ethics is that the function of informed consent is to respect individual autonomy. However, consent processes are multidimensional and serve other ethical functions as well. These functions deserve particular attention when barriers to consent exist. We argue that consent serves seven ethically important and conceptually distinct functions. The first four functions pertain (...)
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  2.  73
    Covid‐19: Ethical Challenges for Nurses.Georgina Morley, Christine Grady, Joan McCarthy & Connie M. Ulrich - 2020 - Hastings Center Report 50 (3):35-39.
    The Covid‐19 pandemic has highlighted many of the difficult ethical issues that health care professionals confront in caring for patients and families. The decisions such workers face on the front lines are fraught with uncertainty for all stakeholders. Our focus is on the implications for nurses, who are the largest global health care workforce but whose perspectives are not always fully considered. This essay discusses three overarching ethical issues that create a myriad of concerns and will likely affect nurses globally (...)
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  3. A Broader Understanding of Moral Distress.Stephen M. Campbell, Connie M. Ulrich & Christine Grady - 2016 - American Journal of Bioethics 16 (12):2-9.
    On the traditional view, moral distress arises only in cases where an individual believes she knows the morally right thing to do but fails to perform that action due to various constraints. We seek to motivate a broader understanding of moral distress. We begin by presenting six types of distress that fall outside the bounds of the traditional definition and explaining why they should be recognized as forms of moral distress. We then propose and defend a new and more expansive (...)
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  4.  96
    Broad Consent for Research With Biological Samples: Workshop Conclusions.Christine Grady, Lisa Eckstein, Ben Berkman, Dan Brock, Robert Cook-Deegan, Stephanie M. Fullerton, Hank Greely, Mats G. Hansson, Sara Hull, Scott Kim, Bernie Lo, Rebecca Pentz, Laura Rodriguez, Carol Weil, Benjamin S. Wilfond & David Wendler - 2015 - American Journal of Bioethics 15 (9):34-42.
    Different types of consent are used to obtain human biospecimens for future research. This variation has resulted in confusion regarding what research is permitted, inadvertent constraints on future research, and research proceeding without consent. The National Institutes of Health Clinical Center's Department of Bioethics held a workshop to consider the ethical acceptability of addressing these concerns by using broad consent for future research on stored biospecimens. Multiple bioethics scholars, who have written on these issues, discussed the reasons for consent, the (...)
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  5.  39
    A New Ethical Framework for Assessing the Unique Challenges of Fetal Therapy Trials: Response to Commentaries.Saskia Hendriks, Christine Grady, David Wasserman, David Wendler, Diana W. Bianchi & Benjamin Berkman - 2022 - American Journal of Bioethics 22 (3):45-61.
    New fetal therapies offer important prospects for improving health. However, having to consider both the fetus and the pregnant woman makes the risk–benefit analysis of fetal therapy trials challenging. Regulatory guidance is limited, and proposed ethical frameworks are overly restrictive or permissive. We propose a new ethical framework for fetal therapy research. First, we argue that considering only biomedical benefits fails to capture all relevant interests. Thus, we endorse expanding the considered benefits to include evidence-based psychosocial effects of fetal therapies. (...)
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  6.  33
    Returning Individual Research Results from Digital Phenotyping in Psychiatry.Francis X. Shen, Matthew L. Baum, Nicole Martinez-Martin, Adam S. Miner, Melissa Abraham, Catherine A. Brownstein, Nathan Cortez, Barbara J. Evans, Laura T. Germine, David C. Glahn, Christine Grady, Ingrid A. Holm, Elisa A. Hurley, Sara Kimble, Gabriel Lázaro-Muñoz, Kimberlyn Leary, Mason Marks, Patrick J. Monette, Jukka-Pekka Onnela, P. Pearl O’Rourke, Scott L. Rauch, Carmel Shachar, Srijan Sen, Ipsit Vahia, Jason L. Vassy, Justin T. Baker, Barbara E. Bierer & Benjamin C. Silverman - 2024 - American Journal of Bioethics 24 (2):69-90.
    Psychiatry is rapidly adopting digital phenotyping and artificial intelligence/machine learning tools to study mental illness based on tracking participants’ locations, online activity, phone and text message usage, heart rate, sleep, physical activity, and more. Existing ethical frameworks for return of individual research results (IRRs) are inadequate to guide researchers for when, if, and how to return this unprecedented number of potentially sensitive results about each participant’s real-world behavior. To address this gap, we convened an interdisciplinary expert working group, supported by (...)
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  7. The limitations of "vulnerability" as a protection for human research participants.Carol Levine, Ruth Faden, Christine Grady, Dale Hammerschmidt, Lisa Eckenwiler & Jeremy Sugarman - 2004 - American Journal of Bioethics 4 (3):44 – 49.
    Vulnerability is one of the least examined concepts in research ethics. Vulnerability was linked in the Belmont Report to questions of justice in the selection of subjects. Regulations and policy documents regarding the ethical conduct of research have focused on vulnerability in terms of limitations of the capacity to provide informed consent. Other interpretations of vulnerability have emphasized unequal power relationships between politically and economically disadvantaged groups and investigators or sponsors. So many groups are now considered to be vulnerable in (...)
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  8.  36
    Patient and Family Descriptions of Ethical Concerns.Hae Lin Cho, Christine Grady, Anita Tarzian, Gail Povar, Jed Mangal & Marion Danis - 2020 - American Journal of Bioethics 20 (6):52-64.
    Ethically challenging situations routinely arise in the course of illness and healthcare. However, very few studies have surveyed patients and family members about their experiences with ethically challenging situations. To address this gap in the literature, we surveyed patients and family members at three hospitals. We conducted a content analysis of their responses to open-ended questions about their most memorable experience with an ethical concern for them or their family member. Participants described 219 unique ethical experiences that spanned many of (...)
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  9.  90
    Money for research participation: Does it jeopardize informed consent?Christine Grady - 2001 - American Journal of Bioethics 1 (2):40 – 44.
    Some are concerned about the possibility that offering money for research participation can constitute coercion or undue influence capable of distorting the judgment of potential research subjects and compromising the voluntariness of their informed consent. The author recognizes that more often than not there are multiple influences leading to decisions, including decisions about research participation. The concept of undue influence is explored, as well as the question of whether or not there is something uniquely distorting about money as opposed to (...)
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  10. The quality of informed consent: mapping the landscape. A review of empirical data from developing and developed countries.Amulya Mandava, Christine Pace, Benjamin Campbell, Ezekiel Emanuel & Christine Grady - 2012 - Journal of Medical Ethics 38 (6):356-365.
    Objective Some researchers claim that the quality of informed consent of clinical research participants in developing countries is worse than in developed countries. To evaluate this assumption, we reviewed the available data on the quality of consent in both settings. Methods We conducted a comprehensive PubMed search, examined bibliographies and literature reviews, and consulted with international experts on informed consent in order to identify studies published from 1966 to 2010 that used quantitative methods, surveyed participants or parents of paediatric participants (...)
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  11.  74
    Does ethics education influence the moral action of practicing nurses and social workers?Christine Grady, Marion Danis, Karen L. Soeken, Patricia O'Donnell, Carol Taylor, Adrienne Farrar & Connie M. Ulrich - 2008 - American Journal of Bioethics 8 (4):4 – 11.
    Purpose/methods: This study investigated the relationship between ethics education and training, and the use and usefulness of ethics resources, confidence in moral decisions, and moral action/activism through a survey of practicing nurses and social workers from four United States (US) census regions. Findings: The sample (n = 1215) was primarily Caucasian (83%), female (85%), well educated (57% with a master's degree). no ethics education at all was reported by 14% of study participants (8% of social workers had no ethics education, (...)
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  12.  62
    Misunderstanding in Clinical Research: Distinguishing Therapeutic Misconception, Therapeutic Misestimation, & Therapeutic Optimism.Sam Horng & Christine Grady - 2003 - IRB: Ethics & Human Research 25 (1):11.
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  13.  44
    Money, coercion, and undue inducement: attitudes about payments to research participants.E. A. Largent, C. Grady, F. G. Miller & A. Wertheimer - 2012 - IRB: Ethics & Human Research 34 (1):1-8.
    Using payment to recruit research subjects is a common practice, but it raises ethical concerns that coercion or undue inducement could potentially compromise participants’ informed consent. This is the first national study to explore the attitudes of IRB members and other human subjects protection professionals concerning whether payment of research participants constitutes coercion or undue influence, and if so, why. The majority of respondents expressed concern that payment of any amount might influence a participant’s decisions or behaviors regarding research participation. (...)
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  14. Philosophical justifications of informed consent in research.D. Brock, E. J. Emanuel, C. Grady, R. Lie, F. Miller & D. Wendler - 2008 - In Ezekiel J. Emanuel (ed.), The Oxford textbook of clinical research ethics. New York: Oxford University Press.
     
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  15. Misconceptions about coercion and undue influence: Reflections on the views of irb members.Emily Largent, Christine Grady, Franklin G. Miller & Alan Wertheimer - 2012 - Bioethics 27 (9):500-507.
    Payment to recruit research subjects is a common practice but raises ethical concerns relating to the potential for coercion or undue influence. We conducted the first national study of IRB members and human subjects protection professionals to explore attitudes as to whether and why payment of research participants constitutes coercion or undue influence. Upon critical evaluation of the cogency of ethical concerns regarding payment, as reflected in our survey results, we found expansive or inconsistent views about coercion and undue influence (...)
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  16.  39
    Moral Standards for Research in Developing Countries from "Reasonable Availability" to "Fair Benefits".Maged El Setouhy, Tsiri Agbenyega, Francis Anto, Christine Alexandra Clerk, Kwadwo A. Koram, Michael English, Rashid Juma, Catherine Molyneux, Norbert Peshu, Newton Kumwenda, Joseph Mfutso-Bengu, Malcolm Molyneux, Terrie Taylor, Doumbia Aissata Diarra, Saibou Maiga, Mamadou Sylla, Dione Youssouf, Catherine Olufunke Falade, Segun Gbadegesin, Reidar Lie, Ferdinand Mugusi, David Ngassapa, Julius Ecuru, Ambrose Talisuna, Ezekiel Emanuel, Christine Grady, Elizabeth Higgs, Christopher Plowe, Jeremy Sugarman & David Wendler - 2004 - Hastings Center Report 34 (3):17.
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  17. An ethical framework for biomedical research.Ezekiel J. Emanuel, David Wendler & C. Grady - 2008 - In The Oxford textbook of clinical research ethics. New York: Oxford University Press. pp. 123--135.
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  18. Moral Distress: A Growing Problem in the Health Professions?Connie M. Ulrich, Ann B. Hamric & Christine Grady - 2010 - Hastings Center Report 40 (1):20-22.
  19.  29
    Communication of patients’ and family members’ ethical concerns to their healthcare providers.Mariam Noorulhuda, Christine Grady, Paul Wakim, Talia Bernhard, Hae Lin Cho & Marion Danis - 2023 - BMC Medical Ethics 24 (1):1-9.
    Background Little is known about communication between patients, families, and healthcare providers regarding ethical concerns that patients and families experience in the course of illness and medical care. To address this gap in the literature, we surveyed patients and family members to learn about their ethical concerns and the extent to which they discussed them with their healthcare providers. Methods We surveyed adult, English-speaking patients and family members receiving inpatient care in five hospitals in the Washington DC-Baltimore metropolitan area from (...)
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  20.  50
    Dealing With the Long-Term Social Implications of Research.Jeremy Sugarman, Dale E. Hammerschmidt, Christine Grady, Lisa Eckenwiler, Carol Levine & Alan Fleischman - 2011 - American Journal of Bioethics 11 (5):5-9.
    Biomedical and behavioral research may affect strongly held social values and thereby create significant controversy over whether such research should be permitted in the first place. Institutional review boards responsible for protecting the rights and welfare of participants in research are sometimes faced with review of protocols that have significant implications for social policy and the potential for negative social consequences. Although IRB members often raise concerns about potential long-term social implications in protocol review, federal regulations strongly discourage IRBs from (...)
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  21.  22
    Deciding with Others: Interdependent Decision‐Making.Emily A. Largent, Justin Clapp, Jennifer S. Blumenthal-Barby, Christine Grady, Amy L. McGuire, Jason Karlawish, Joshua D. Grill, Shana D. Stites & Andrew Peterson - 2022 - Hastings Center Report 52 (6):23-32.
    Over the course of human life, health care decision‐making is often interdependent. In this article, we use “interdependence” to refer to patients’ engagement of nonclinicians—for example, family members or trusted friends—to reach health care decisions. Interdependence, we suggest, is common for patients in all stages of life, from early childhood to late adulthood. This view contrasts with the common bioethical assumption that medical decisions are either wholly independent or dependent and that independence or dependence is tightly coupled with a person's (...)
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  22.  60
    Clinical research with economically disadvantaged populations.C. C. Denny & C. Grady - 2007 - Journal of Medical Ethics 33 (7):382-385.
    Concerns about exploiting the poor or economically disadvantaged in clinical research are widespread in the bioethics community. For some, any research that involves economically disadvantaged individuals is de facto ethically problematic. The economically disadvantaged are thought of as “venerable” to exploitation, impaired decision making, or both, thus requiring either special protections or complete exclusion from research. A closer examination of the worries about vulnerabilities among the economically disadvantaged reveals that some of these worries are empirically or logically untenable, while others (...)
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  23.  33
    The value of nurse bioethicists.Connie M. Ulrich & Christine Grady - 2023 - Nursing Ethics 30 (5):701-709.
    Background The field of nursing has long been concerned with ethical issues. The history of the nursing profession has a rich legacy of attention to social justice and to societal questions regarding issues of fairness, access, equity, and equality. Some nurses have found that their clinical experiences spur an interest in ethical patient care, and many are now nurse bioethicists, having pursued additional training in bioethics and related fields (e.g., psychology, sociology). Purpose The authors describe how the clinical and research (...)
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  24.  16
    The evolution of research participant as partner: the seminal contributions of Bob Veatch.Christine Grady - 2022 - Theoretical Medicine and Bioethics 43 (4):267-276.
    Well before patient-centered or patient-controlled research became trendy, and earlier than calls to preferentially refer to research subjects as participants, Bob Veatch wrote “The Patient as Partner” Veatch presciently argued that research patients should not be thought of as passive subjects nor material from which to obtain data, but rather as partners in discovery. In this manuscript, I will explore Veatch’s conception of patient as partner in research and how that idea has evolved and been implemented over time and consider (...)
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  25.  19
    NeuroEthics and the BRAIN Initiative: Where Are We? Where Are We Going?Walter J. Koroshetz, Jackie Ward & Christine Grady - 2020 - American Journal of Bioethics Neuroscience 11 (3):140-147.
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  26.  31
    “It’s Just Another Added Benefit”: Women’s Experiences with Employment-Based Egg Freezing Programs.S. A. Miner, W. K. Miller, C. Grady & B. E. Berkman - 2021 - AJOB Empirical Bioethics 12 (1):41-52.
    Background: In 2014, companies began covering the costs of egg freezing for their employees. The adoption of this benefit was highly contentious. Some argued that it offered women more reproductive...
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  27.  38
    Integrating Community Perspectives on Inclusion and Protection into IRB Structures.Isabella Li & Christine Grady - 2023 - American Journal of Bioethics 23 (6):94-97.
    IRBs often face dueling values in research: their historically grounded mission to protect research participants from harm conflicts with more recent attention to the importance of including underr...
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  28.  44
    Research on stored biological samples: the views of Ugandans.David Wendler, Christine Pace, Ambrose O. Talisuna, Faustine Maiso, Christine Grady & Ezekiel Emanuel - 2005 - IRB: Ethics & Human Research 27 (2):1.
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  29.  44
    A Hybrid Approach to Obtaining Research Consent.Christine Grady - 2019 - American Journal of Bioethics 19 (4):28-30.
    In their target article, Morain and colleagues (2019) tackle the long-standing and thorny issue of whether and when it might be ethical for a physician-investigator to obtain research consent from...
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  30.  21
    Ethical Challenges Experienced by Clinical Ethicists during COVID-19.Connie M. Ulrich, Janet A. Deatrick, Jesse Wool, Liming Huang, Nancy Berlinger & Christine Grady - 2023 - AJOB Empirical Bioethics 14 (1):1-14.
    Background The COVID-19 pandemic continues to disrupt every society as SARs-CoV-2 variants surge among the populations. Health care providers are exhausted, becoming ill themselves, and in some instances have died. Indeed, hospitals are struggling to find staff to care for critically ill patients most in need. Previous work has reported on the unending work-related conditions that hospital staff are laboring under and their subsequent mental and physical health strains. Health care providers need support, but it is not clear where that (...)
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  31.  55
    (1 other version)Four Paradigms of Clinical Research and Research Oversight.Ezekiel J. Emanuel & Christine Grady - 2007 - Cambridge Quarterly of Healthcare Ethics 16 (1):82-96.
    The understanding of appropriate ethical protections for participants of biomedical research has not been static. It has evolved over time, with the evolution of biomedical research as well as social values. Since World War II, there have been four major paradigms of research and research oversight operative in the United States. These paradigms incorporate different values and provide different approaches to research oversight and the protection of research participants.
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  32.  79
    What should research participants understand to understand they are participants in research?David Wendler & Christine Grady - 2008 - Bioethics 22 (4):203–208.
    To give valid informed consent to participate in clinical research, potential participants should understand the risks, potential benefits, procedures, and alternatives. Potential participants also should understand that they are being invited to participate in research. Yet it is unclear what potential participants need to understand to satisfy this particular requirement. As a result, it is unclear what additional information investigators should disclose about the research; and it is also unclear when failures of understanding in this respect undermine the validity of (...)
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  33.  22
    Ethical Concerns of Patients and Family Members Arising During Illness or Medical Care.Marion Danis, Christine Grady, Mariam Noorulhuda, Ben Krohmal, Henry Silverman, Lee Schwab, Hae Lin Cho, Melissa Goldstein & Paul Wakim - 2023 - AJOB Empirical Bioethics 14 (4):218-226.
    Patients and family members (N = 671) were surveyed in five Mid-Atlantic U.S. hospitals to ascertain the number and kinds of ethical concerns they are presently experiencing or have previously experienced while being sick or receiving medical care. Seventy percent of participants had at least one (range 0–14) type of ethical concern or question. The most commonly experienced concerns pertained to being unsure how to plan ahead or complete an advance directive (29.4%), being unsure whether someone in the family was (...)
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  34.  27
    (1 other version)Autonomy and couples’ joint decision-making in healthcare.Pauline E. Osamor & Christine Grady - 2018 - BMC Medical Ethics 19 (1):3.
    Respect for autonomy is a key principle in bioethics. However, respecting autonomy in practice is complex because most people define themselves and make decisions influenced by a complex network of social relationships. The extent to which individual autonomy operates for each partner within the context of decision-making within marital or similar relationships is largely unexplored. This paper explores issues related to decision-making by couples for health care and the circumstances under which such a practice should be respected as compatible with (...)
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  35.  18
    Another Cautionary Lesson from COVID Research.Christine Grady - 2021 - American Journal of Bioethics 21 (12):36-39.
    Lynch and colleagues describe positive and cautionary lessons learned from recent extraordinary research efforts to develop COVID-19 vaccines and therapeutics and consider whether some of th...
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  36.  54
    The Role of the Virtuous Investigator in Protecting Human Research Subjects.Christine Grady & Anthony S. Fauci - 2016 - Perspectives in Biology and Medicine 59 (1):122-131.
    Dr. Henry Beecher, a renowned Harvard Medical School anesthesiologist, sent shock waves through the medical research community and the lay press when he described 22 examples of “unethical or questionably ethical studies” by reputable researchers at major institutions in his now well-known 1966 New England Journal of Medicine article. Beecher concluded this exposé by noting: “The ethical approach to experimentation in man has several components: two are more important than the others, the first being informed consent.... Secondly, there is the (...)
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  37.  58
    Cancer clinical trial participants' assessment of risk and benefit.Connie M. Ulrich, Sarah J. Ratcliffe, Gwenyth R. Wallen, Qiuping Zhou, Kathleen Knafl & Christine Grady - 2016 - AJOB Empirical Bioethics 7 (1):8-16.
  38. Avoiding exploitation in multinational covid-19 vaccine trials.Alexander A. Iyer, Joseph Millum, Christine Grady & David Wendler - 2021 - The BMJ 372:n541.
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  39.  21
    Science in the Service of Healing.Christine Grady - 1998 - Hastings Center Report 28 (6):34-38.
  40.  27
    The Continued Complexities of Paying Research Participants.Christine Grady - 2019 - American Journal of Bioethics 19 (9):5-7.
    Volume 19, Issue 9, September 2019, Page 5-7.
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  41. Clinical research: Should patients pay to play?Ezekiel J. Emanuel, Steven Joffe, Christine Grady, David Wendler & Govind Persad - 2015 - Science Translational Medicine 7 (298):298ps16.
    We argue that charging people to participate in research is likely to undermine the fundamental ethical bases of clinical research, especially the principles of social value, scientific validity, and fair subject selection.
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  42. Introduction: The Fogarty International Research Ethics Education and Curriculum Development Program in Historical Context.Joseph Millum, Christine Grady, Gerald Keusch & Barbara Sina - 2013 - Journal of Empirical Research on Human Research Ethics: An International Journal 8 (5):3-16.
    In response to the increasing need for research ethics expertise in low and middle income countries (LMICs), the NIH's Fogarty International Research Ethics Education and Curriculum Development Program has provided grants for the development of training programs in international research ethics for LMIC professionals since 2000. This collection of papers draws upon the combined expertise of Fogarty grantees, trainees, and other experts to assess the state of research ethics in LMICs, and the lessons learned over 12 years of international research (...)
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  43.  33
    Bioethics in the Oversight of Clinical Research: Institutional Review Boards and Data and Safety Monitoring Boards.Christine Grady - 2019 - Kennedy Institute of Ethics Journal 29 (1):33-49.
    In this set of contributions to the Kennedy Institute of Ethics Journal celebrating the significant work and contributions of LeRoy Walters, we aim to bring new perspectives to topics that Dr. Walters helped to pioneer and continue his tradition of bringing moral insights and arguments to bear on the development of practical public and professional policies. Dr. Walters is well known for his invaluable service as member and chair of the Recombinant DNA Advisory Committee at the National Institutes of Health. (...)
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  44.  38
    Deciphering assumptions about stepped wedge designs: the case of Ebola vaccine research.Adélaïde Doussau & Christine Grady - 2016 - Journal of Medical Ethics 42 (12):797-804.
    Ethical concerns about randomising persons to a no-treatment arm in the context of Ebola epidemic led to consideration of alternative designs. The stepped wedge design, in which participants or clusters are randomised to receive an intervention at different time points, gained popularity. Common arguments in favour of using this design are when an intervention is likely to do more good than harm, all participants should receive the experimental intervention at some time point during the study and the design might be (...)
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  45.  19
    Cultivating Synergy in Nursing, Bioethics, and Policy.Christine Grady - 2016 - Hastings Center Report 46 (S1):5-8.
    Nursing and bioethics have a lot in common because they share concerns about life and death, illness and health, the rights of individuals and communities, ethical patient care, health care delivery, and public health. Nurses and bioethicists contribute to ethical practice, ethics scholarship, and health policy‐making in a variety of ways. Some nurses have bioethics education or experience, some bioethicists study or collaborate closely with nurses, and some of us proudly identify as both bioethicists and as nurses. Despite certain shared (...)
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  46.  24
    (1 other version)Points to consider: The research ethics consultation service and the IRB.Laura M. Beskow, Christine Grady, Ana S. Iltis, John Z. Sadler & Benjamin S. Wilfond - 2009 - IRB: Ethics & Human Research 31 (6):1.
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  47. Points to Consider.Laura Beskow, Christine Grady, Ana Itlis, John Sadler & Benjamin Wilfond - 2009 - IRB: Ethics & Human Research 31 (6):1-9.
    Research ethics consultation is increasingly recognized as a potentially valuable mechanism for addressing the depth and breadth of ethical issues that arise in research related to human health and well-being. However, fundamental questions remain, including: What is “research ethics consultation”? And what is its justification beyond the purposes already served by existing entities? We examine how a research ethics consultation service may differ from or complement the role of an institutional review board by offering a definition of research ethics consultation (...)
     
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  48.  31
    Beyond Open Communication: A Call for Partnership Between Clinical Ethics and Research Ethics Committees.Christine Grady, David Gibbes Miller & Hae Lin Cho - 2018 - American Journal of Bioethics 18 (1):52-54.
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  49.  63
    Does fear of retaliation deter requests for ethics consultation?Marion Danis, Adrienne Farrar, Christine Grady, Carol Taylor, Patricia O’Donnell, Karen Soeken & Connie Ulrich - 2008 - Medicine, Health Care and Philosophy 11 (1):27-34.
    BackgroundReports suggest that some health care personnel fear retaliation from seeking ethics consultation. We therefore examined the prevalence and determinants of fear of retaliation and determined whether this fear is associated with diminished likelihood of consulting an ethics committee.MethodsWe surveyed registered nurses (RNs) and social workers (SWs) in four US states to identify ethical problems they encounter. We developed a retaliation index (1–7 point range) with higher scores indicating a higher perceived likelihood of retaliation. Linear regression analysis was performed to (...)
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  50.  42
    Incentives for Research Participants.Neal Dickert & Christine Grady - 2008 - In Ezekiel J. Emanuel (ed.), The Oxford textbook of clinical research ethics. New York: Oxford University Press. pp. 386.
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