O presente ensaio aborda a presença de Nietzsche nos Cadernos negros de Heidegger com o intuito de esclarecer e analisar o papel filosófico que Nietzsche aí desempenha. A partir de ferramentas hermenêuticas básicas para a leitura e interpretação do conjunto dos textos que compõem o conjunto chamado Cadernos negros, composto de textos enigmáticos e únicos em relação ao corpus heideggeriano, a figura de Nietzsche aparece não apenas como um centro de referência privilegiado para o pensamento heideggeriano da década de 1930-40, (...) mas também, e principalmente, como o impulso fundamental da profunda reformulação de suas coordenadas principais. (shrink)

Conhecido como último assistente e mais importante colaborador de Husserl, Eugen Fink foi uma figura decisiva no desenvolvimento final da fenomenologia husserlianas. Mas muito ainda se discute se sua obra posterior à morte de Husserl poderia ou não ser considerada um projeto propriamente fenomenológico. A hipótese deste trabalho é de que o pensamento que Fink desenvolve após a Segunda Guerra pode ser entendida como uma fenomenologia que todavia se volta ao um conceito radicalmente distinto de ‘fenômeno’. Essa radicalidade, por sua (...) vez, se deixa compreender à luz de um projeto fundamental, que caracterizo como contrametafísica. (shrink)

O presente trabalho tem o objetivo de trazer para o debate filosófico aquilo que movimentos literários como o primeiro romantismo alemão e o surrealismo francês, através de seus diferentes métodos de escrita e de compreensão da realidade, tomaram como a ‘experiência’ capaz de fundar uma nova atitude literária e de levar a noção tradicional de experiência ao seu limite. Para tanto, recorremos às reflexões de Maurice Blanchot e Walter Benjamin como forma não apenas de legitimar essa aproximação mas também de (...) propor, juntamente com Derrida, uma espécie de reflexão política sobre essa experiência-limite tomada como linguagem.: The present paper intends to bring up to a philosophical debate what literary movements like the first German Romanticism and the French Surrealism, through its different writing and reality comprehending methods, which they called as the ‘experience’, capable both of founding a new literary attitude as taking the traditional notion of experience to its limits. Therefore, we appeal to Maurice Blanchot’s and Walter Benjamin’s reflections about the literary experience not merely to legitimize this approach but also to propose, along with Derrida, a way to a possible political reflection on the limit-experience taken as language. Keywords: literary experience, absolute, language, reflection, Surrealism, German Romanticism. (shrink)

This essay situates Gentile in the debate over the meaning and value of 'modernity' as interpreted by post-War commentators such as Hannah Arendt, Jürgen Habermas and Leo Strauss. Coli shows how Gentile drew upon his predecessors as he developed his actual idealist conception of the relation between thinking, the thinker and the world. Gentile's response to themulti-faceted problem of modernity combines reactionary and progressive elements: the central threads of western culture, he believes, can and should be retained, though updated, refined (...) and reconfigured to rid them of the untenable falsehoods inwhich the old traditions, with their 'methods of transcendence', had left them tangled. (shrink)

The central focus of this research is the fast and crucial impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, and its exceptionally serious consequences in terms of healthcare, state intervention and impositions, radical changes in people’s life, on a crucial psychological, relational, and political construct: trust. In this survey, addressed to 4260 Italian citizens, we tried to analyze and measure such impact, focusing on various aspects of trust. This attention to multiple dimensions of trust constitutes the key conceptual advantage of this research, since (...) trust is a complex and layered construct, with its own internal dynamics. In particular, the analysis focuses on how citizens attribute trust to Public Authorities, in relation to the management of the health crisis: with regard to the measures and guidelines adopted, the purposes pursued, the motivations that determine them, their capacity for involvement and their effectiveness for the containment of the virus itself. A pandemic creates a bilateral need for trust, both in Public Authorities (they have to rely on citizens’ compliance, and must try to promote and maintain their trust in order to be effective), and in citizens, since they need to feel that somebody can do something, can (has the power) to protect them, to act at the needed collective level. We are interested to explore how this need for trust affects the attributional process, regarding both attitudes and the corresponding decisions and actions. The most striking result of this survey is the very high level of institutional trust expressed by respondents: 75% of them trust Italian public authorities to be able to deal with the COVID-19 emergency. This is in sharp contrast with the relatively low levels of institutional trust characteristic of Italy, both historically and in recent surveys. Moreover, the survey allowed to discriminate several potential predictors for trust, thus emphasizing factors that, during this crisis, are exhibiting an anomalous impact on trust. (shrink)

Focusing on the new theories of human motivation that emerged during the transition from feudalism to the modern period, this is the first book of new essays on the relationship between politics and the passions from Machiavelli to Bentham. Contributors address the crisis of moral and philosophical discourse in the early modern period; the necessity of inventing a new way of describing the relation between reflection and action, and private and public selves; the disciplinary regulation of the body; and the (...) ideological constitution of identity. The collection as a whole asks whether a discourse of the passions might provide a critical perspective on the politics of subjectivity. Whatever their specific approach to the question of ideology, all the essays reconsider the legacy of the passions in modern political theory and the importance of the history of politics and the passions for modern political debates. Contributors, in addition to the editors, are Nancy Armstrong, Judith Butler, Riccardo Caporali, Howard Caygill, Patrick Coleman, Frances Ferguson, John Guillory, Timothy Hampton, John P. McCormick, and Leonard Tennenhouse. (shrink)