38 found
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  1.  24
    Multiple Analogies in Science and Philosophy.Cameron Shelley - 2003 - John Benjamins Publishing.
    A multiple analogy is a structured comparison in which several sources are likened to a target. In "Multiple analogies in science and philosophy," Shelley provides a thorough account of the cognitive representations and processes that participate in multiple analogy formation. Through analysis of real examples taken from the fields of evolutionary biology, archaeology, and Plato's "Republic," Shelley argues that multiple analogies are not simply concatenated single analogies but are instead the general form of analogical inference, of which single analogies are (...)
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  2.  98
    Visual abductive reasoning in archaeology.Cameron Shelley - 1996 - Philosophy of Science 63 (2):278-301.
    Biographical studies have shown that visual mental imagery plays a significant role in the conduct of scientific research, particularly in the generation of hypotheses. But the nature of visual mental imagery and its participation in abductive inference is not systematically understood. This paper discusses examples of visual abductive reasoning by archaeologists, analyzing them according to the visual information and the process of inference employed. This work supports the conclusion that visual abduction is useful to scientists under certain conditions and that (...)
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  3.  87
    Analogy counterarguments and the acceptability of analogical hypotheses.Cameron Shelley - 2002 - British Journal for the Philosophy of Science 53 (4):477-496.
    The logical empiricists held that an analogical hypothesis does not gain any acceptability from the analogy on which it is founded. On this view, the acceptability of a hypothesis cannot be discounted by criticizing the foundational analogy. Yet scientists commonly appear to level exactly this sort of criticism. If scientists are able to discount the acceptability of analogical hypotheses in this way, then the logical empiricist view is mistaken. I analyze four forms of analogy counterargument, disanalogy, misanalogy, counteranalogy, and false (...)
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  4.  36
    Why test animals to treat humans? On the validity of animal models.Cameron Shelley - 2010 - Studies in History and Philosophy of Science Part C: Studies in History and Philosophy of Biological and Biomedical Sciences 41 (3):292-299.
    Critics of animal modeling have advanced a variety of arguments against the validity of the practice. The point of one such form of argument is to establish that animal modeling is pointless and therefore immoral. In this article, critical arguments of this form are divided into three types, the pseudoscience argument, the disanalogy argument, and the predictive validity argument. I contend that none of these criticisms currently succeed, nor are they likely to. However, the connection between validity and morality is (...)
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  5.  49
    Aspects of visual argument: A study of the March of Progress.Cameron Shelley - 2001 - Informal Logic 21 (2).
    The so-called March of Progress depicts human evolution as a linear progression from mohkey to man. Shelley (1996) analyzed this image as a visual argument proceeding through "rhetorical" and "demonstrative" modes of visual logic. In this paper, I confirm and extend this view of visual logic by examining variations of the original March image. These variations show that each mode of visual logic can be altered or isolated in support of new conclusions. Furthermore, the March can be included in a (...)
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  6.  66
    Emotional Analogies and Analogical Inference.Paul Thagard & Cameron Shelley - unknown
    Despite the growing appreciation of the relevance of affect to cognition, analogy researchers have paid remarkably little attention to emotion. This paper discusses three general classes of analogy that involve emotions. The most straightforward are analogies and metaphors about emotions, for example "Love is a rose and you better not pick it." Much more interesting are analogies that involve the transfer of emotions, for example in empathy in which people understand the emotions of others by imagining their own emotional reactions (...)
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  7.  14
    The Analogy Theory of Disanalogy: When Conclusions Collide.Cameron Shelley - 2002 - Metaphor and Symbol 17 (2):81-97.
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  8.  43
    The bicoherence theory of situational irony.Cameron Shelley - 2001 - Cognitive Science 25 (5):775-818.
    Situational irony concerns what it is about a situation that causes people to describe it as ironic. Although situational irony is as complex and commonplace as verbal and literary irony, it has received nowhere near the same attention from cognitive scientists and other scholars. This paper presents the bicoherence theory of situational irony, based on the theory of conceptual coherence (Kunda & Thagard, 1996; Thagard & Verbeurgt, 1998). On this theory, a situation counts as ironic when it is conceived as (...)
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  9.  86
    Multiple analogies in archaeology.Cameron Shelley - 1999 - Philosophy of Science 66 (4):579-605.
    Analogies have always had an important place in the reconstruction of past cultures by archaeologists. However, archaeologists and philosophers have objected on various grounds to the importance granted to analogy. Heider proposed the use of multiple analogies--analogies incorporating several sources--as a way of overcoming these objections. However, the merits and even the meaning of this proposal have not been explored adequately. This article presents an examination of instances of multiple analogies in the archaeological literature in order to motivate an adequate (...)
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  10.  19
    The First Inconvenience of Anthropomorphism: The Disanalogy in Part IV of Hume's Dialogues.Cameron Shelley - 2002 - History of Philosophy Quarterly 19 (2):171-189.
  11.  11
    Does Everyone Think, or Is It Just Me?Cameron Shelley - 2010 - In W. Carnielli L. Magnani (ed.), Model-Based Reasoning in Science and Technology. pp. 477--494.
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  12.  42
    Analogical reasoning with animal models in biomedical research.Cameron Shelley - 2006 - In L. Magnani (ed.), Model Based Reasoning in Science and Engineering. College Publications. pp. 203--213.
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  13.  45
    Preadaptation and the explanation of human evolution.Cameron Shelley - 1999 - Biology and Philosophy 14 (1):65-82.
    The concept of preadaptation, though useful, continues to trouble evolutionary scientists. Usually, it is treated as if it were really adaptation, prompting such diverse theorists as Gould and Vrba, and Dennett to suggest its removal from evolutionary theory altogether. In this paper, I argue that the as-if sense is ill-founded, and that the sense of preadaptation as a process may be defended as unequivocal and generally useful in evolutionary explanations, even in such problem areas as human evolution.
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  14.  17
    A Naturalistic Exploration of Forms and Functions of Analogizing.Robert R. Hoffman, Tom Eskridge & Cameron Shelley - 2009 - Metaphor and Symbol 24 (3):125-154.
    The purpose of this article is to invigorate debate concerning the nature of analogy, and to broaden the scope of current conceptions of analogy. We argue that analogizing is not a single or even a fundamental cognitive process. The argument relies on an analysis of the history of the concept of analogy, case studies on the use of analogy in scientific problem solving, cognitive research on analogy comprehension and problem solving, and a survey of computational mechanisms of analogy comprehension. Analogizing (...)
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  15.  45
    The Influence of Folk Meteorology in the Anaximander Fragment.Cameron Shelley - 2000 - Journal of the History of Ideas 61 (1):1-17.
    In lieu of an abstract, here is a brief excerpt of the content:Journal of the History of Ideas 61.1 (2000) 1-17 [Access article in PDF] The Influence of Folk Meteorology in the Anaximander Fragment Cameron Shelley * Introduction No scholars doubt that the pre-Socratic philosophers, especially the Milesians, were concerned with meteorology. Their works abound with accounts of wind, rain, thunder, lightning, meteorites, waterspouts, whirlwinds, and so on. Through examination of the fragments of the pre-Socratics, we can trace this interest (...)
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  16. Activism.Cameron Shelley - 2017 - In Design and Society: Social Issues in Technological Design. Springer Verlag.
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  17.  30
    Biomorphism and Models in Design.Cameron Shelley - 2015 - In Woosuk Park, Ping Li & Lorenzo Magnani (eds.), Philosophy and Cognitive Science Ii: Western & Eastern Studies. Cham: Springer Verlag.
  18. Culture.Cameron Shelley - 2017 - In Design and Society: Social Issues in Technological Design. Springer Verlag.
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  19.  75
    Consciousness, symbols and aesthetics: A just‐so story and its implications in Susanne Langer'sMind: An essay on human feeling.Cameron Shelley - 1998 - Philosophical Psychology 11 (1):45 – 66.
    Consciousness is a central theme of Susanne Langer's three-volume work Mind: An essay on human feeling. Langer proposes an evolutionary history of consciousness in order to establish a biological vocabulary for discussing the subject. This vocabulary is based on the qualities of organic processes rather than generic material objects. Her historical scenario and new terminology suggest that Langer views the “cash value” of consciousness in terms of symbolic thinking and aesthetics. This paper provides an overview of Langer's proposed evolutionary scenario (...)
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  20.  18
    Discussion.Cameron Shelley - 2012 - Studies in History and Philosophy of Science Part C: Studies in History and Philosophy of Biological and Biomedical Sciences 43 (1):311.
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  21.  32
    Design and Society: Social Issues in Technological Design.Cameron Shelley - 2017 - Springer Verlag.
    This book discusses concepts of good design from social perspectives grounded in anthropology, sociology and philosophy, the goal being to provide readers with an awareness of social issues to help them in their work as design professionals. Each chapter covers a specific area of good practice in design, explaining and applying a small set of related concepts to a series of case studies, and including a list of additional sources recommended for further study. The book does not assume any specialized, (...)
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  22.  46
    Fairness in Technological Design.Cameron Shelley - 2012 - Science and Engineering Ethics 18 (4):663-680.
    This paper addresses an important multi-disciplinary issue of current interest, that is, the implications of technological design for fairness. A visual, graphical methodology centered on the Taylor-Russell diagram is proposed to address this issue. The Taylor-Russell diagram helps to identify and explore ways in which predictions built into designs can pit the interests of different constituencies against one another. The configuration of the design represents a trade-off between the interests of the communities involved. Whether or not the trade-off is appropriate (...)
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  23.  7
    Ideology in Bio-inspired Design.Cameron Shelley - 2006 - In Lorenzo Magnani & Claudia Casadio (eds.), Model Based Reasoning in Science and Technology. Logical, Epistemological, and Cognitive Issues. Cham, Switzerland: Springer International Publishing.
    Bio-inspired design refers to the use of the natural world as a source of models for the design of artifacts. For example, Velcro is a fastening system made from nylon that deliberately imitates the structure of burrs, which are adapted to stick to animal fur. In general, in selecting and adapting models to design problems, designers can also seek to satisfy their ideological goals. That is, designers seek not only to solve technical problems but also to respect and promote professional (...)
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  24.  19
    Multiple analogies in evolutionary biology.Cameron Shelley - 1999 - Studies in History and Philosophy of Science Part C: Studies in History and Philosophy of Biological and Biomedical Sciences 30 (2):143-180.
  25.  60
    On the Impermissibility of Telling Misleading Truths in Kantian Ethics.Cameron Shelley - 2012 - Open Journal of Philosophy 2 (2):89-91.
    Sandel (2009) has recently revisited the issue of the moral permissibility of telling misleading truths in a Kantian ethical framework. His defense of its permissibility relies on assimilating it to simple truth telling, and discounting its relationship with simple lying. This article presents a refutation of Sandel’s case. It is argued that comparison of misleading truths with telling truths or lies is inconclusive. Instead, comparison with telling of leading truths is appropriate. With this comparison in view, it is clear that (...)
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  26. Progress.Cameron Shelley - 2017 - In Design and Society: Social Issues in Technological Design. Springer Verlag.
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  27. Risk.Cameron Shelley - 2017 - In Design and Society: Social Issues in Technological Design. Springer Verlag.
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  28. Reasoning by Multiple Analogies.Cameron Shelley - 1999 - Dissertation, University of Waterloo (Canada)
    If you were Monica Lewinski's mother, how would you describe Linda Tripp? Remember that Linda Tripp is the woman who tapped her own phone conversations with Monica and then used them to incriminate President Clinton. Marcia Lewis, Monica's actual mother, chose the following expression: "She is like a meddlesome witch, a praying mantis." This expression conveys a multiple analogy, a comparison in which several sources are likened to a target. In this case, the first source tells us that Marcia thinks (...)
     
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  29. Rational Design.Cameron Shelley - 2017 - In Design and Society: Social Issues in Technological Design. Springer Verlag.
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  30. Sustainability.Cameron Shelley - 2017 - In Design and Society: Social Issues in Technological Design. Springer Verlag.
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  31. Social Agendas.Cameron Shelley - 2017 - In Design and Society: Social Issues in Technological Design. Springer Verlag.
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  32. Social Contract.Cameron Shelley - 2017 - In Design and Society: Social Issues in Technological Design. Springer Verlag.
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  33. Social Psychology.Cameron Shelley - 2017 - In Design and Society: Social Issues in Technological Design. Springer Verlag.
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  34. Social Spaces.Cameron Shelley - 2017 - In Design and Society: Social Issues in Technological Design. Springer Verlag.
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  35.  76
    Epistemic Coherence.Paul Thagard, Chris Eliasmith, Paul Rusnock & Cameron Shelley - 2002 - In R. Elio (ed.), Common sense, reasoning, and rationality. Vancouver Studies in Cognitive Science (Vol. 11). Oxford University Press. pp. 104-131.
    Many contemporary philosophers favor coherence theories of knowledge (Bender 1989, BonJour 1985, Davidson 1986, Harman 1986, Lehrer 1990). But the nature of coherence is usually left vague, with no method provided for determining whether a belief should be accepted or rejected on the basis of its coherence or incoherence with other beliefs. Haack's (1993) explication of coherence relies largely on an analogy between epistemic justification and crossword puzzles. We show in this paper how epistemic coherence can be understood in terms (...)
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  36.  64
    Analogy Counterarguments: A Taxonomy for Critical Thinking. [REVIEW]Cameron Shelley - 2004 - Argumentation 18 (2):223-238.
    The presentation of analogical arguments in the critical thinking literature fails to reflect cognitive research on analogy. Part of the problem is that these treatments of analogy do not address counterarguments, an important aspect of the analysis of analogical argumentation. In this paper, I present a taxonomy of four counterarguments, false analogy, misanalogy, disanalogy, and counteranalogy, analyzed along two dimensions, orientation and effect. The counterarguments are treated in the framework of the multiconstraint theory of analogy (Holyoak and Thagard, 1995). This (...)
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  37. Book review: The MIT encyclopedia of the cognitive sciences. [REVIEW]Cameron Shelley - 2004 - Minds and Machines 14 (3):423-426.
  38.  70
    Lorenzo Magnani: Abductive Cognition: The Epistemological and Eco-Cognitive Dimensions of Hypothetical Reasoning: Springer, 2009, $157.00, ISBN 978-3-642-03630-9. [REVIEW]Cameron Shelley - 2012 - Minds and Machines 22 (3):263-269.
    Lorenzo Magnani: Abductive Cognition: The Epistemological and Eco-Cognitive Dimensions of Hypothetical Reasoning Content Type Journal Article Category Book Review Pages 1-7 DOI 10.1007/s11023-011-9267-6 Authors Cameron Shelley, Centre for Society, Technology, and Values, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Canada Journal Minds and Machines Online ISSN 1572-8641 Print ISSN 0924-6495.
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