Based on a survey and content analysis of 462 peer-reviewed academic articles over the period 1990–2014, this article reviews theories related to the external drivers of corporate social responsibility and the internal drivers of CSR that have been utilized to explain CSR. The article discusses the main tenets of the principal theoretical perspectives and their application in CSR research. Going beyond previous reviews that have largely failed to investigate theory applications in CSR scholarship, this article stresses the importance of theory-driven (...) explanations of CSR and the complementarity of different theories. The article demonstrates that the current mainstream theorizing of CSR is dominated by theories related to the external drivers of CSR and is less developed with regard to the internal dynamics. The article outlines several productive avenues for future research: the need for multi-theory studies and more research at multiple levels of analysis, particularly at the individual level of analysis. It suggests that CSR scholarship can benefit from combining theoretical insights from a range of established theoretical lenses such as institutional theory and RBV, and can gain new insights from theoretical lenses such as Austrian economics and micro-level psychological theories. (shrink)
A bold new approach to combatting the inherent corruption of representative democracy This provocative book reveals how the majority of modern liberal democracies have become increasingly oligarchic, suffering from a form of structural political decay first conceptualized by ancient philosophers. Systemic Corruption argues that the problem cannot be blamed on the actions of corrupt politicians but is built into the very fabric of our representative systems. Camila Vergara provides a compelling and original genealogy of political corruption from ancient to (...) modern thought, and shows how representative democracy was designed to protect the interests of the already rich and powerful to the detriment of the majority. Unable to contain the unrelenting force of oligarchy, especially after experimenting with neoliberal policies, most democracies have been corrupted into oligarchic democracies. Vergara explains how to reverse this corrupting trajectory by establishing a new counterpower strong enough to control the ruling elites. Building on the anti-oligarchic institutional innovations proposed by plebeian philosophers, she rethinks the republic as a mixed order in which popular power is institutionalized to check the power of oligarchy. Vergara demonstrates how a plebeian republic would establish a network of local assemblies with the power to push for reform from the grassroots, independent of political parties and representative government. Drawing on neglected insights from Niccolò Machiavelli, Nicolas de Condorcet, Rosa Luxemburg, and Hannah Arendt, Systemic Corruption proposes to reverse the decay of democracy with the establishment of anti-oligarchic institutions through which common people can collectively resist the domination of the few. (shrink)
In this book, Camila Loew analyzes four women’s testimonial literary writings on the Holocaust to examine and question some of the tenets of the fields of Holocaust studies, gender studies, and testimony. Through a close reading of the works of Charlotte Delbo, Margarete Buber-Neumann, Ruth Klüger, and Marguerite Duras, Loew foregrounds these authors’ search for a written form to engage with their experiences of the extreme. Although each chapter contains its individual focus and features, the book possesses a unity (...) in intention, concerns, and consequences. In the theoretical introduction that unites the four chapters, Loew eschews essentialism and revises the emergence of the field of Women and Holocaust studies from the early 1980s on, and signals some of its shortcomings. In response, and in accordance with a recent turn in various disciplines of the Humanities, Loew highlights the ethical dimension of testimony and its responsible commitment to the other. In dealing with the texts as literary testimonies—a complex genre, between literature and history—, testimony is freed from the obligation to respond to the requirements of factual truth, and becomes a privileged form to voice the traumatic event, and to symbolically explore the role of excess. (shrink)
RESUMEN El artículo reflexiona sobre las políticas de la memoria que deberían desarrollarse en sociedades donde han ocurrido masivas violaciones de derechos humanos, y cuyos procesos se guían por los principios normativos de la justicia transicional. Se analizan primero los conceptos de memoria e historia, y la forma como el Holocausto trans formó sus tareas en el siglo XX; luego se examinan dos modelos de responsabilidad propuestos por Iris Marion Young, y se propone cómo usarlos en la justicia transicional. Finalmente, (...) se explican las tareas de la política de la memoria en estos contextos. ABSTRACT The article carries out a reflection on the politics of memory that should be developed in societies where massive human rights violations have occurred and whose pro cesses are being guided by the normative principles of transitional justice. It starts out by analyzing the concepts of memory and history and the manner in which the Holocaust transformed their tasks in the 20th century. Ten it goes on to examine two models of responsibility proposed by Iris Marion Young, and suggests how to use them in transitional justice. Finally, the article explains the tasks of the politics of memory in these contexts. (shrink)
O artigo apresenta uma problematização e análise sobre a elaboração em rede de documentos de políticas para a Educação Infantil no Brasil entre 2001e 2015, com revisão bibliográfica e análise documental. No estudo identificamos um espaço de abertura que se caracteriza como colaboração à concertação social, com multiplicidade de instituições de coletivos que acentua uma maior predominância de setores privados ao final do período analisado. Concluímos que houve uma democratização na elaboração de documentos para a área, uma vez propicia a (...) direta correlação de forças dos interesses coletivos que integram as discussões, contudo, indicam um acolhimento a interesses da classe hegemônica burguesa pelas instituições privadas e de uma pauta internacional. Ainda, apreendemos que as diferentes colaborações por meio de redes os atores não estatais cooperam entre si e estabelecem interdependências, influenciando, assim, no processo e no conteúdo da política. (shrink)
Feminisms in the second half of the twentieth century were reshaped by the efforts to end violence against women. Feminist activists in national and international settings invented concepts to refer to previously unquestioned societal practices as oppressive to women and changed the world by naming them. In this article, I engage with the concepts of femicide/feminicidio : the murder of women for gender reasons. I follow the history of this concept and its incursion into the broader political and public sphere (...) in Latin America. Focusing on the Mexican case, I show how the study of national feminist histories is relevant to the history of women’s activism in the international arena. This article contributes to the history of concepts by showing the linguistic distinctions and connections of feminist concepts in different sociocultural environments. Overall, this research argues in favor of studying feminist concepts with Latin American perspectives to articulate the complexity of the world today. (shrink)
El excepcionalismo de la lógica asume que la lógica tiene un estatus epistemológico privilegiado, es normativa y no es revisable. El antiexcepcionalismo, en cambio, rechaza ese carácter excepcional. Recientemente, se ha sugerido que el problema de la adopción de reglas lógicas es transversal a la discusión que se da entre excepcionalistas y antiexcepcionalistas. En este trabajo defiendo la tesis contraria. En particular, sostengo que, si el problema de la adopción de reglas es un problema central para la lógica como disciplina, (...) el antiexcepcionalismo debe ser incorrecto. En caso contrario, debe ser incorrecta la postura excepcionalista. Evalúo, además, consecuencias directas del análisis presente sobre la discusión en torno al monismo y el pluralismo de la lógica. (shrink)
By offering an analysis of different conceptions of corruption connected to the political regime and contingency in which they developed, the article retrieves a systemic meaning of political corruption. Through the works of Plato, Aristotle, Polybius and Machiavelli, it reconstructs a dimension of political corruption particular to popular governments and also engages with recent neo-republican and institutionalist attempts at redefining political corruption. The article concludes that we still lack a proper conception of systemic corruption comparable to the one of the (...) Ancients because we are yet unable to account for the role procedures and institutions play in fostering corruption through their normal functioning and what this means for liberal democratic regimes. (shrink)
Throughout its great history, the feminist movement has thought the different facets of the repressive apparatus of the State, as a political problem and as part of its strategy of struggle and survival. In different contexts, antipunitivism —that is, the political response to the philosophy of punishment as the way to act to social issues— has emerged as a crucial element in the diatribes of antisystemic feminisms. However, we could not claim that there is something like a structuring and structured (...) tradition of antipunitivist feminism. Rather, what we observe is a set of concerns and political approaches of some feminisms to the strategies of punishment, in the moments in which the logics of patriarchal domination intersect with the gender-generic selectivity of the repressive apparatuses of the States. In the present work we would like to make the effort to deliberate the interaction between these approaches in order to enunciate what elements would compose an antipunitivist feminism. (shrink)
The present article inquires into the uses of Medea’s tragedy as a representation of political sedition in the XVII century, especially in Hobbes’ works who introduces the myth with few variations three times in his work. We are interested in the semantic shifts in the use of a tragedy that, for multiple reasons –to which we will later return– works as an epochal catalyzer of the political and moral dangers with which regicide is symbolically burdened. This constant role, identifiable in (...) the versions of Euripides, Seneca, and Corneille, combines differently -through history- the pairing of seduction and sedition that we try to reconstruct as a convergent element of the tragic vision of politics that runs through Hobbes work. Finally, we explore how classic tragedy is used by Bramhall in his debate with Hobbes, highlighting the connection between tragic and heretical readings of the philosopher. (shrink)
The article presents a plebeian strand of republican constitutional thought that recognises the influence of inequality on political power, embraces conflict as the effective cause of free government, and channels its anti-oligarchic energy through the constitutional structure. First it engages with two modern plebeian thinkers – Niccolò Machiavelli and Nicolas de Condorcet - focusing on the institutional role of the common people to resist oppression through ordinary and extraordinary political action. Then it discusses the work of two contemporary republican thinkers (...) – Philip Pettit and John McCormick – and contrasts their models of ‘contestatory’ and ‘tribunician’ democracy. Finally, I incorporate a political economy lens and propose as part of republican constitutionalism not only contestatory and tribunician institutions but also anti-oligarchic basic rules to keep inequality and corruption under control. (shrink)
This essay reviews Skeggs’ and Wilson’s papers in this issue of Feminist Legal Studies in terms of their development of, and departure from, ideas central to the Italian post-Marxist, post-workerist tradition; specifically their understanding that capital is increasingly converging with the production and reproduction of social life itself. I interrogate the assumed necessity to move beyond ‘the limitations of Marx’ by revealing, via the Communist Manifesto, Grundrisse and Capital, how the ideas of ‘old’ Marx can offer important engagements and interlocutions (...) with the ‘new’ empirical phenomena explored by Skeggs and Wilson. I show how Marx’s notion of creative destruction is in tune with Wilson’s work on the erotic generativity of capitalism, and how his observations on labour-time as the measure of value illuminate the exchange and circulation of Wife Swap. Finally, I suggest that we might be wary not to lose sight of the question of resistance by regarding immaterial labour as productive labour, and thus relinquishing Marx’s conceptual tools of labour, value and capital. (shrink)
This article first points out that attempts to establish the fo u ndations of an existent ial psycho a nalysis are always pre s e nt in Sartres philosophy. After pre s e nt i ng philosophies that are inc o r p o rated and re c reated in the process of giving shape to the project of existent ial psycho a nalysis, it gives examples of how this psycho a nalysis should be. At end, the article suggests in (...) what way Sartres criticism to Fre ud ian psycho a nalysis can today ins p i re cont e m p o rary Brazilian psychoanalytical thinking. (shrink)
Group Violence Interventions combine a focused deterrence law enforcement approach with community mobilization and social services. The current study qualitatively examines Project Longevity, Connecticut's largest GVI initiative, to contribute to the limited literature on implementation of gun violence reduction strategies. Relying on interviews with 24 of Project Longevity law enforcement and non-law enforcement partners, we explore the establishment of interagency collaboration, which was viewed by study participants as the most pressing implementation challenge of Project Longevity. Our case study results offer (...) important lessons to practitioners responsible for implementing GVI strategies. (shrink)
The judgement of human ability is ubiquitous, from school admissions to job performance reviews. The exact make-up of ability traits, however, is often narrowly defined and lacks a comprehensive basis. We attempt to simplify the spectrum of human ability, similar to how five personality traits are widely believed to describe most personalities. Finding such a basis for human ability would be invaluable since neuropsychiatric disease diagnoses and symptom severity are commonly related to such differences in performance. Here, we identified four (...) underlying ability traits within the National Institutes of Health Toolbox normative data : Motor-endurance, Emotional processing, Executive and cognitive function, and Social interaction. We used the Human Connectome Project young adult dataset to show that Motor-endurance and Executive and cognitive function were reliably associated with specific brain functional networks, and the biological nature of these ability traits was also shown by calculating their heritability from twin data. (shrink)
O artigo analisa os muito mal vistos comentários de Wittgenstein sobre o teorema de Gödel. Não se pretende defender estes comentários, nem atribuir a Wittgenstein algo que ele não disse. De fato, não nos seria possível desconsiderar o que é textual visando fornecer uma interpretação mais palatável das posições de um autor. Nosso objetivo consiste meramente em clarificar as posições realmente mantidas por Wittgenstein sobre o tema, atribuindo, o tanto quanto possível, alguma razoabilidade as mesmas no que diz respeito à (...) economia geral das suas observações sobre a matemática. (shrink)
O artigo clarifica em que medida a Lógica, no sentido mais comum e até ingênuo do termo, enquanto composta pelas leis necessárias do pensamento correto, pode ser entendida como Mística. Isto parece estranho, pois a Mística é normalmente entendida como uma vivência de superação das dualidades, onde o pensamento racional colapsa e encontra seu limite. Já a Lógica é entendida como paradigma de pensamento racional. Argumenta-se que as leis mais gerais da razão e do discurso se relacionam com a Mística (...) na medida mesma em que o fundamento da razão é equacionado ao seu limite. A linguagem encontra-se assim com o silêncio e as leis e fundamentações não mais operam como tais. Conclui-se que a adesão necessária que acompanha o colapso entre o sentido e o valor de verdade de determinadas expressões linguísticas constitui o que chamamos de vivência mística. Trata-se de uma vivencia a qual somos conduzidos pelo próprio funcionamento de nossa significação e, ao mesmo tempo, institui o que se compreende por experiência religiosa. Palavras-chave : Mística. Wittgenstein. Lógica. Intensão. Extensão.This paper clarifies the extent to which Logic, in the usual sense (and even naïve) of the term, as composed of the correct thinking’s necessary laws, can be understood as Mystic. This seems strange, because the Mystic is usually understood as an experience of overcoming the dualities, where rational thinking collapses and finds its limit. On the other hand, the logic is understood as the paradigm of rational thinking. It is argued that the most general laws of reason and speech are related to Mystic in the sense that the foundation of the reason is equated to its limit. The language lies thus with the silence and the laws and justifications no longer operate as such. We conclude that the adherence necessary that accompanies the collapse of meaning and truth value of certain linguistic utterances is what we call mystical experience. It is about an experience to which we are led by the workings of our linguistics meaning, establishing what is meant by religious experience. Keywords: Mystic. Wittgenstein. Logic. Intension. Extension. (shrink)
En este ensayo retomo las narrativas sobre el levante popular de 2013 en Brasil, considerando que tales discursos están aún presentes directa e indirectamente en la manera cómo comprendemos la actualidad, sobre todo la ascensión de la derecha y nuestras posibles resistencias a los múltiples elementos fascistas crecientes hoy en nuestra sociedad. En este sentido, analizo ciertas posiciones corrientes relacionadas con las reacciones conservadoras y punitivas a las protestas populares, que acaban por concluir que las manifestaciones generaron un “mal aún (...) mayor”. Traigo a la luz algunas premisas ocultas en esas afirmaciones que, operando tanto desde puntos de vista historiográficos como filosóficos, comprometen no solamente nuestro pasado, sino también acaban por empeñar nuestro futuro. (shrink)
Jacques Derrida ha propuesto entender el perdón como lo imperdonable: para que el perdón sea puro, su objeto debe ser lo imperdonable. Plantea, además, que no debe haber ninguna condición para que el perdón sea otorgado. Se busca mostrar que esta pureza debe ser sacrificada, ya que, para que una víc..
A lot has been written on solutions to the semantic paradoxes, but very little on the topic of general theories of paradoxicality. The reason for this, we believe, is that it is not easy to disentangle a solution to the paradoxes from a specific conception of what those paradoxes consist in. This paper goes some way towards remedying this situation. We first address the question of what one should expect from an account of paradoxicality. We then present one conception of (...) paradoxicality that has been offered in the literature: the fixed-point conception. According to this conception, a statement is paradoxical if it cannot obtain a classical truth-value at any fixed-point model. In order to assess this proposal rigorously we provide a non-metalinguistic characterization of paradoxicality and we evaluate whether the resulting account satisfies a number of reasonable desiderata. (shrink)
A partir dos questionamentos de uma turma de Sociologia do Ensino Médio, bastante comovida com o assassinato da vereadora Marielle Franco, que causou comoção nacional, foi organizada uma atividade para apresentar sua trajetória pessoal e política. No intuito de fundamentar a aula na perspectiva interseccional, o recurso didático principal representou a silhueta do rosto de Marielle, em forma de desenho, composto de cinco partes indissociáveis. Cada fragmento trazia uma categoria sociológica: classe, raça, gênero, sexualidade e protagonismo, que, debatidas com a (...) turma, previamente à colagem de cada peça, promoveram reflexões sobre o significado dos conceitos e de como se entrelaçam à história de vida de Marielle. O trabalho abordou conceitos clássicos das Ciências Sociais, como o de fato social de Émile Durkheim, por meio de um olhar inventivo e partindo de uma problematização suscitada pela turma. (shrink)
This paper describes a method for analyzing a corpus of descriptions collected through micro-phenomenological interviews. This analysis aims at identifying the structure of the singular experiences which have been described, and in particular their diachronic structure, while unfolding generic experiential structures through an iterative approach. After summarizing the principles of the micro-phenomenological interview, and then describing the process of preparation of the verbatim, the article presents on the one hand, the principles and conceptual devices of the analysis method and on (...) the other hand several dimensions of the analysis process: the modes of structural unfolding of generic structures, the mutual guidance of the processes of structural and experiential unfolding, the tracking of analysis processes, and finally the assessment of analysis results. (shrink)
This article analyses the multimodal representations of public space in Chilean broadcast news reports on the figure of the hooded rioter and its alleged connections with the student movement. We seek to identify how space is constructed as a legitimation strategy in relation to the actors involved and the actions taking place across four different news broadcast pieces in the light of Multimodal Critical Discourse Analysis and Systemic Functional Linguistics. Results show that the multimodal representations of space are crucial to (...) identify and functionalize hooded rioters as belonging to the student movement. Actions are dependent on the spaces in which actors operate, restricting the occupation of certain spaces to specific actors. Thus, transgressive protest actions are to be contained to educational spaces and represented as naturalized vandalism, ignoring the students’/demonstrators’ motivations to recuperate/vindicate the public space. (shrink)
Jacques Derrida has suggested that forgiveness be understood as the unforgivable: in order for forgiveness to be pure, its object must be the unforgivable. Furthermore, he states that no conditions should be imposed on granting forgiveness. The article seeks to show that this purity has to be forgone since the offender has to repent and ask for forgiveness, in order for a victim to forgive. The article also examines the monstrous as the object of forgiveness, using the case of Jean (...) Améry as an example. (shrink)
By offering an analysis of different conceptions of corruption connected to the political regime and contingency in which they developed, the article retrieves a systemic meaning of political corruption. Through the works of Plato, Aristotle, Polybius and Machiavelli, it reconstructs a dimension of political corruption particular to popular governments and also engages with recent neo-republican and institutionalist attempts at redefining political corruption. The article concludes that we still lack a proper conception of systemic corruption comparable to the one of the (...) Ancients because we are yet unable to account for the role procedures and institutions play in fostering corruption through their normal functioning and what this means for liberal democratic regimes. (shrink)
This book is a vibrant investigation on a deeply human subconscious desire: the desire for omnipresence, or in a nutshell, the desire to be here, there, and everywhere at the same time. After all, why is it not enough just to be in the offline ordinariness of the here and now? To answer this question, Camila Mozzini-Alister does the crossing of two seemingly distant universes: mediation and meditation. Throughout a vigorous archaeology of the relationship between screen and mind allied (...) with an engaging first-person narrative, the author raises awareness of the risks of becoming addicted to social media and obsessed by meditation. This brings forth a vital question: what are the limits for the desire to be more than a body? (shrink)
