It is argued that early Buddhism to a very considerable extent can and should be seen as reformed Brahmanism. Speculations about cosmogony in Buddhist s tras can be traced back to Vedic sources, above all R gveda 10.129 & 10.90—two hymns that play a similar fundamental role in the early Upanisads. Like the immortal and unmanifest Brahman and the mortal and manifest Brahm, the Buddha, as a mythological Bhagavat, also had two forms. In his highest form he is “the profound” (...) beyond being and non-being, like Brahman. As a teacher, he is like Brahm. By suppressing mind and by getting rid of desire a Buddhist should “swim” back to the profound beyond the duality of life and death, which is also suffering. One becomes real and true by seeing the causal identity of tat and tvam, i.e. of macrocosm and microcosm. The spiritual ideals of early Buddhism are thus founded on natural philosophy. (shrink)

Ancient Indian Coins. Osmund Bopearachchi and Wilfried Pieper., Brepols, Turnhout 1998. 289 pp. + 59 plates. €88. ISBN 2-503-50730-1 Uygur Buddhist Literature. Johan Elverskog., Brepols, Turnhout 1997. 154 pp. €43. ISBN 2-503-50544-9.

Buddhahood Embodied. Sources of Controversy in India and Tibet. John J. Makransky. State University of New York Press, Albany, NY 1997. xix, 494 pp. Cloth $73.50, pb $24.95. ISBN 0-7914-3431-1/3432-X.

Buddhismus und Christentum. Geschichte, Konfrontation, Dialog. Michael von Brück and Whalen Lai. Verlag C. H. Beck, Munich 1997. 805 pp. DM 78.

Cultivating a Daily Meditation. Dalai Lama XIV. LTWA, Dharamsala 1991. xiv, 137 pp. No price given.

Der Buddhismus I: Der indische Buddhismus und seine Verzweigungen. Heinz Bechert et al. Verlag W. Kohlhammer, Stuttgart 2000. ix, 512 pp. DM 163.50. ISBN 3-17-015333-1.

Das ältere Mittelindisch im Überblick. Oskar von Hinüber. 2., erweiterte Auflage Verlag der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, Vienna 2001. 344 pp. €45.10. ISBN 3-7001-0761-7.

dBu ma sar gsum gyi ston thun. Phya pa Chos kyi sen ge. Edited by Helmut Tauscher. Vienna 1999. XXXIII, 146 pp.

Emptiness Appraised. A Critical Study of Nagarjuna's Philosophy. David F. Burton. Curzon Press, Richmond 1999. XV, 233 pp. £40.00. ISBN 0 7007 1066 3.

Epistemology and Spiritual Authority. Vittorio A. van Bijlert., Vienna 1989. 191 pp. ÖS 230.00.

India in Early Greek Literature. Klaus Karttunen. Studia Orientalia 65, Helsinki 1989. vi, 295 pp. FIM 150. ISBN 951-9380-10-8. India and the Hellenistic World. Klaus Karttunen. Studia Orientalia 83, Helsinki 1997. x, 439 pp. FIM 200. ISBN 951-9380-35-3.

Stanislaw Schayer: O filozofowaniu Hindusów. Artykuly wybrane. Wybral i wstepam opatrzyl Marek Mejor. Warsaw 1988. 539 pp. Zl 1100.

The Bible and the Buddhists. J. Duncan M. Derrett. Sardini Editrice, Bornato in Franciacorta - Italy 2000. 136 pp. Lire 50,000. ISBN 88-7506-174-2 Pb.

The Bodhisattvapitaka. Its Doctrine, Practices and their Position in Mahayana Literature. Ulrich Pagel. The Institute of Buddhist Studies, Tring 1995. xvi, 478 pp. £40.00. ISBN 09515424 43.

The Greeks in India. A Survey in Philosophical Understanding. Demetrios Th. Vassiliades. Munshiram Manoharlal Publishers Pvt, Ltd., New Delhi 2000. xvi, 261 pp. Rs750.00. ISBN 81-215-0921-1.

The "Khandha Passages" in the Vinayapitaka and the four main Nikayas. Tilmann Vetter. Verlag der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften. Vienna 2000. 357 pp. ASch. 774. ISBN 3-7001-2932-7.

The Salistamba Sutra and its Indian Commentaries. Jeffrey D. Schoening. Volume I. Translation with Annotation. Volume II. Tibetan Editions. Wiener Studien zur Tibetologie und Buddhismuskunde 35, 1-2. Vienna 1995. pp.xx, 388; ix, 382. ATS 850.

Thundering Zeus. The Making of Hellenistic Bactria. Frank L. Holt., University of California Press, Berkeley and London 1999. xviii, 221 pp. ISBN 0-520-21140-5.

Wörterbuch Pali-Deutsch. Mit Sanskrit-Index. Klaus Mylius. Institut für Indologie, Wichtrach 1997. 438 pp. SFr.180. ISBN 3-7187-0019-0.

Ancient Buddhist Scrolls from Gandhara. The British Library Kharosthi Fragments. Richard Salomon with contributions by Raymond Allchin and Mark Barnard. The British Library, London 1999. xx, 273 pp. £50.00 ; £25.00. ISBN 0-7123-4610-4; 0-7123-4611-2.

Buddhist Inscriptions of Andhradesa. B.S.L. Hanumantha Rao, N. S. Ramachandra Murthy, B. Subrahmanyam, E. Sivanagi Reddy. Ananda Buddha Vihara Trust, Secunderabad 1998. xi, 278 pp. Rs 500.

Coins, Art and Chronology: Essays on the pre-Islamic History of the Indo-Iranian Borderlands. Ed. Michael Alram and Deborah E. Klimburg-Salter. Österreichische Akademie der Wissenschaften, Vienna 1999, viii, 498 pp., 131 ill. ATS 1,498, DM 205.

Der Erkenntnislehre des Prasangika-Madhyamaka, nach dem Tshig gsal ston thun gyi tshad ma'i rnam bsad des 'Jam dbyans bzad pa'i rdo rje. Einleitung, Textanalyse, Übersetzung. Chizuko Yoshimizu. Wiener Studien zur Tibetologie und Buddhismuskunde 37, Vienna 1996. xxiii, 309 pp.

Dharmakirti's Thought and Its Impact on Indian and Tibetan Philosophy. Ed. Shoryu Katsura. Österreichische Akademie der Wissenschaften. Beiträge zur Kultur- und Geistesgeschichte Asiens 32. Vienna 1999. xix, 474 pp. ATS 990; DM 136.

Dharmapala's Yogacara Critique of Bhavaviveka's Madhyamika Explanation of Emptiness, The Tenth Chapter of Ta-ch'eng Kuang Pai-lun Shih Commenting on Aryadeva's Catuhsataka Chapter Sixteen. John P. Keenan. The Edwin Mellor Press, Lewiston, New York, 1997. 153 pp. $79.95. ISBN 0-7734-8615-1.

Indian Insights: Buddhism, Brahmanism and Bhakti. Papers from the Annual Spalding Symposium on Indian Religions. Edited by Peter Connolly and Sue Hamilton. Luzac Oriental, London 1997. ix, 228 pp. £35.00. ISBN 1-898942/53.

Jaina Philosophy and Religion.. Translated by Nagin J. Shah. Motilal Banarsidass, Delhi 1998. xxv, 469 pp. Rs. 450.

Jñanasrimitras Vyapticarca. Sanskrittext, Übersetzung, Analyse. Horst Lasic. Wiener Studien zur Tibetologie und Buddhismuskunde 48. Vienna 2000. 188 pp. ASch. 240. Ratnakirtis Vyaptinirnaya. Sanskrittext, Übersetzung, Analyse. Horst Lasic. Wiener Studien zur Tibetologie und Buddhismuskunde 49. Vienna 2000. 95 pp.

Ludwig Alsdorf, Kleine Schriften. Ed. Albrecht Wezler., Franz Steiner Verlag, Stuttgart 2001. xxiii, 750 pp. €86.00. ISBN 3-515-07737-5. Ernst Windisch: Kleine Schriften. Ed. Karin Steiner, Jörg Gengnagel., Franz Steiner Verlag, Stuttgart 2001. xxvii, 717 pp. €116.00. ISBN 3-515-07120-2.

Nichts bleibt Nichts. Der buddhistische Zurückweisung von Kumarilas abhavapramana. Übersetzung und Interpretation von Santaraksitas Tattvasamgraha vv.1647-1690 mit Kamalasilas Tattvasamgrahapanjika. Birgit Kellner. Vienna 1997. xxxiii, 154 pp. No price/ISBN given.

Prajnakaraguptas Erklärung der Definition gültiger Erkenntnis. Motoi Ono.. Verlag der Österreichische Akademie der Wissenshaften, Vienna 2000. xxvii, 108 pp. ATS 395. ISBN 3-7001-2890-8.

Sunyatasaptativrtti. Candrakirtis Kommentar zu den 'Siebzig Versen über die Leehrheit' des Nagarjuna [Karikas 1-14]. Einleitung, Übersetzung, textkritische Ausgabe des Tibetischen und Indizes. Felix Erb., Franz Steiner Verlag, Stuttgart 1997. xxiv, 302 pp. DM 96. ISBN 3-515-07020-6.

The Mongolian Tanjur Version of the Bodhicaryavatara. Edited and Transcribed, with a Word-Index and a Photo-Reproduction of the Original Text. Igor de Rachewiltz. Otto Harrassowitz, Wiesbaden 1996. xx, 231 and 52 pp. Cloth, DM 198.00/ÖS 1544.00/SFR 198.00. ISBN 3-447-03594-3.