Das Anliegen dieses Artikels besteht darin, ausgehend von einer an drei zentralen Themen orienterten Analyse des Verhältnisses von Kants Schriften 1762/63 zu Crusius auf bedeutsame Aspekte des frühen Kantischen Philosophierens hinzuweisen und daraus Plausibilitätsannahmen für eine systematische und ideengeschichtliche Standortbestimmung desselben zu erarbeiten.
Resumo O objectivo deste artigo é o de oferecer uma análise ontológica das obras de arte, com a aplicação de uma teoria geral dos artefactos. O contexto teórico é o da descrição da coisa – ou ontologia da substância. Artefactos em geral e obras de arte em particular são consideradas entidades dependentes da mente com identidade convencional. A construção teórica deste artigo baseia-se num diálogo aberto com a teoria da arte e com os artistas, especialmente aqueles que se encontram no (...) campo do “objecto-arte”. Palavras-chave : artefactos, coisas, identidade convencional, obras de arte, ontologia descritiva, substânciasThe aim of this article is an ontological analysis of works of art, in application of a general theory of artefacts. The theoretical context is a descriptive thing – or substance-ontology. Artefacts in general, and works of art particularly, are considered to be mind-dependent entities with conventional identity. The theory-building of the article relies on an open dialogue with theory of art and artists, especially those in the field of object-art. Keywords : artefacts, conventional identity, descriptive ontology, substances, things, works of arts. (shrink)
Besprochen werden einige neue Beiträge zur analytischen Ontologie. Einen thematischen Schwerpunkt machen Arbeiten zur kategorialen Ontologie aus. Sie entsprechen dem traditionellen Anliegen der Ontologie zu untersuchen, was die grundlegenden Bestandteile der Wirklichkeit sind. Sind es Dinge, klassisch "Substanzen im ersten Sinn" , sind es partikuläre Eigenschaften, heute auch "Tropen" genannt , sind es Sachverhalte , oder gibt es mehrere, gleichermaßen grundlegende Kategorien ? Ein weiteres Thema ist der Zusammenhang zwischen genuin ontologischen Fragen und solchen in der sogenannten "Philosophie des Geistes". (...) Welchen ontologischen Rahmen braucht es zur Erfassung des mentalen Lebens des Menschen, seines Bewußtseins ? Behandelt werden weiterhin das Thema Zeit bzw. Zeit und Existenz , schließlich ein umfassender metaphysischer Entwurf , der deutlich machen sollte, daß auch im Kontext der analytischen Philosophie der Anspruch auf begriffliche Erfassung der Wirklichkeit als Ganzer nicht aufgegeben wird. (shrink)
Although Ibn Sina’s metaphysics is heavily indebted to Aristotle’s, with regard to the substantiality of the rational soul and God, Aristotle and Ibn Sina take opposite positions: Aristotle holds that theos is a substance, while Ibn Sina denies that God is a substance; Aristotle holds that the soul is not a substance, while Ibn Sina claims that it is. In both of these regards we observe the movement toward greater abstraction in Ibn Sina. The concept of God is more abstract (...) when considered outside the categories, and the soul is understood more abstractly, not merely as the form of an organism, but as independent of any materiality. God is freed from the constraints of substantiality while the soul is freed from the constraints of corporeality. Ibn Sina argues that since God transcends the categories, God is not a substance. Another argument is that everything that falls under the categories is contingent in its existence, God, however, is necessary in His existence. Hence, God is not a substance. Ibn Sina’s main argument, however, is that a condition for being a substance is, according to Arsitotle, not to be in a subject. This condition should be understood in such a manner that it does not imply the existence of what satisfies it. The existence of a necessary being, however, is implied by such a condition. Hence, God does not have the condition, and, thus, is not a substance. (shrink)
This volume aims to investigate the topic of Substance and Attribute. The way leading to this aim is a dialogue between Islamic and Western Philosophy. Our project is motivated by the observation that the historical roots of Islamic and of Western philosophy are very similar. Thus some of the articles in this volume are dedicated to the history of philosophy in Islamic thinking as well as in Western traditions. But the dialogue between both philosophies is not only an historical issue, (...) it also has systematic relevance for actual philosophical questions. The topic Substance and Attribute particularly has systematic relevance for the actual ontological debate. (shrink)
