66 found
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  1.  98
    Downward Causation.P. B. Andersen, Claus Emmeche, N. O. Finnemann & P. V. Christiansen (eds.) - 2000 - Aarhus, Denmark: University of Aarhus Press.
    The book deals with the notion of Downward Causation from a wide array of perspectives, including physics, biology, psychology, social science, communication studies, text theory, and philosophy. The book includes proponents as well as opponents discussing the validity of the notion.
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  2. Theses on Biosemiotics: Prolegomena to a Theoretical Biology.Kalevi Kull, Terrence Deacon, Claus Emmeche, Jesper Hoffmeyer & Frederik Stjernfelt - 2009 - Biological Theory 4 (2):167-173.
    Theses on the semiotic study of life as presented here provide a collectively formulated set of statements on what biology needs to be focused on in order to describe life as a process based on semiosis, or sign action. An aim of the biosemiotic approach is to explain how life evolves through all varieties of forms of communication and signification (including cellular adaptive behavior, animal communication, and human intellect) and to provide tools for grounding sign theories. We introduce the concept (...)
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  3. Levels, Emergence, and Three Versions of Downward Causation.Claus Emmeche, Simo Koppe & Frederick Stjernfelt - 2000 - In P. B. Andersen, Claus Emmeche, N. O. Finnemann & P. V. Christiansen (eds.), Downward Causation. Aarhus, Denmark: University of Aarhus Press. pp. 322-348.
    The idea of a higher level phenomenon having a downward causal influence on a lower level process or entity has taken a variety of forms. In order to discuss the relation between emergence and downward causation, the specific variety of the thesis of downward causation (DC) must be identified. Based on some ontological theses about inter-level relations, types of causation and the possibility of reduction, three versions of DC are distinguished. Of these, the `Strong' form of DC is held to (...)
     
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  4.  74
    Code-duality and the semiotics of nature.Jesper Hoffmeyer & Claus Emmeche - 1991 - In Myrdene Anderson & Floyd Merrell (eds.), On Semiotic Modeling. Berlin / New York: Mouton de Gruyter. pp. 117-166.
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  5.  68
    From language to nature: The semiotic metaphor in biology.Claus Emmeche & Jesper Hoffmeyer - 1991 - Semiotica 84 (1-2):1-42.
    The development of form in living organisms continues to challenge biological research. The concept of biological information encoded in the genetic program that controls development forms a major part of the semiotic metaphor in biology. Development is here seen in analogy to an execution of a program, written in a formal language in the computer. Other versions of the semiotic or "nature-as-language" metaphor use other formal or informal aspects of language to comprehend the specific structural relations in nature as explored (...)
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  6. Does a robot have an Umwelt?Claus Emmeche - unknown
    It is argued that the notion of Umwelt is relevant for contemporary discussions within theoretical biology, biosemiotics, the study of Artificial Life, Autonomous Systems Research and philosophy of biology. Focus is put on the question of whether an artificial creature can have a phenomenal world in the sense of the Umwelt notion of Jakob von Uexküll, one of the founding figures of biosemiotics. Rather than vitalism, Uexküll's position can be interpreted as a version of qualitative organicism. A historical sketch of (...)
     
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  7. Explaining emergence: Toward an ontology of levels.Claus Emmeche, Simo Koppe & Frederick Stjernfelt - 1997 - Journal for General Philosophy of Science / Zeitschrift für Allgemeine Wissenschaftstheorie 28 (1):83-119.
    The vitalism/reductionism debate in the life sciences shows that the idea of emergence as something principally unexplainable will often be falsified by the development of science. Nevertheless, the concept of emergence keeps reappearing in various sciences, and cannot easily be dispensed with in an evolutionary world-view. We argue that what is needed is an ontological nonreductionist theory of levels of reality which includes a concept of emergence, and which can support an evolutionary account of the origin of levels. Classical explication (...)
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  8.  11
    Towards a Semiotic Biology: Life is the Action of Signs.Claus Emmeche & Kalevi Kull (eds.) - 2011 - London: Imperial College Press.
    This book presents programmatic texts on biosemiotics, written collectively by world leading scholars in the field (Deacon, Emmeche, Favareau, Hoffmeyer, Kull, Markoš, Pattee, Stjernfelt). In addition, the book includes chapters which focus closely on semiotic case studies (Bruni, Kotov, Maran, Neuman, Turovski). According to the central thesis of biosemiotics, sign processes characterise all living systems and the very nature of life, and their diverse phenomena can be best explained via the dynamics and typology of sign relations. The authors are therefore (...)
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  9. A semiotic analysis of the genetic information.Charbel El-Hani, Joao Queiroz & Claus Emmeche - 2006 - Semiotica - Journal of the International Association for Semiotic Studies / Revue de l'Association Internationale de Sémiotique 160 (1/4):1-68.
    Terms loaded with informational connotations are often employed to refer to genes and their dynamics. Indeed, genes are usually perceived by biologists as basically ‘the carriers of hereditary information.’ Nevertheless, a number of researchers consider such talk as inadequate and ‘just metaphorical,’ thus expressing a skepticism about the use of the term ‘information’ and its derivatives in biology as a natural science. First, because the meaning of that term in biology is not as precise as it is, for instance, in (...)
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  10.  21
    The Garden in the Machine: The Emerging Science of Artificial Life.Claus Emmeche - 1994 - Princeton: Princeton University Press.
    What is life? Is it just the biologically familiar--birds, trees, snails, people--or is it an infinitely complex set of patterns that a computer could simulate? What role does intelligence play in separating the organic from the inorganic, the living from the inert? Does life evolve along a predestined path, or does it suddenly emerge from what appeared lifeless and programmatic? In this easily accessible and wide-ranging survey, Claus Emmeche outlines many of the challenges and controversies involved in the dynamic and (...)
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  11. A-life, organism and body: The semiotics of emergent levels.Claus Emmeche - manuscript
    1Center for the Philosophy of Nature and Science Studies, Blegdamsvej 17, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark. Published pp. 117-124 in: Mark Bedeau, Phil Husbands, Tim Hutton, Sanjev Kumar and Hideaki Suzuki : Workshop and Tutorial Proceedings. Ninth International Conference on the Simulation and Synthesis of Living Systems.
     
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  12. A semiotical reflection on biology, living signs and artificial life.Claus Emmeche - 1991 - Biology and Philosophy 6 (3):325-340.
    It is argued, that theory sf signs, especially in the tradition of the great philosopher Charles Sanders Peirce (1839–1914) can inspire the study of central problems in the philosophy of biology. Three such problems are considered: (1) The nature of biology as a science, where a semiotically informed pluralistic approach to the theory of science is introduced. (2) The peculiarity of the general object of biology, where a realistic interpretation of sign- and information-concepts is required to see sign-processes as immanent (...)
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  13.  62
    Biosemiotic Questions.Kalevi Kull, Claus Emmeche & Donald Favareau - 2008 - Biosemiotics 1 (1):41-55.
    This paper examines the biosemiotic approach to the study of life processes by fashioning a series of questions that any worthwhile semiotic study of life should ask. These questions can be understood simultaneously as: (1) questions that distinguish a semiotic biology from a non-semiotic (i.e., reductionist–physicalist) one; (2) questions that any student in biosemiotics should ask when doing a case study; and (3) still currently unanswered questions of biosemiotics. In addition, some examples of previously undertaken biosemiotic case studies are examined (...)
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  14. A semiotic analysis of the genetic information system.Claus Emmeche - 2006 - Semiotica 2006 (160):1-68.
    Terms loaded with informational connotations are often employed to refer to genes and their dynamics. Indeed, genes are usually perceived by biologists as basically ‘the carriers of hereditary information.’ Nevertheless, a number of researchers consider such talk as inadequate and ‘just metaphorical,’ thus expressing a skepticism about the use of the term ‘information’ and its derivatives in biology as a natural science. First, because the meaning of that term in biology is not as precise as it is, for instance, in (...)
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  15. Biosemiotic Research Questions.Kalevi Kull, Claus Emmeche & Donald Favareau - 2011 - In Claus Emmeche & Kalevi Kull (eds.), Towards a Semiotic Biology: Life is the Action of Signs. London: Imperial College Press. pp. 67--90.
     
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  16. Does a robot have an Umwelt? Reflections on the qualitative biosemiotics of Jakob von Uexküll.Claus Emmeche - 2001 - Semiotica 2001 (134):653-693.
  17.  53
    Adapting practice-based philosophy of science to teaching of science students.Sara Green, Hanne Andersen, Kristian Danielsen, Claus Emmeche, Christian Joas, Mikkel Willum Johansen, Caio Nagayoshi, Joeri Witteveen & Henrik Kragh Sørensen - 2021 - European Journal for Philosophy of Science 11 (3):1-18.
    The “practice turn” in philosophy of science has strengthened the connections between philosophy and scientific practice. Apart from reinvigorating philosophy of science, this also increases the relevance of philosophical research for science, society, and science education. In this paper, we reflect on our extensive experience with teaching mandatory philosophy of science courses to science students from a range of programs at University of Copenhagen. We highlight some of the lessons we have learned in making philosophy of science “fit for teaching” (...)
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  18.  56
    Semiotic Scaffolding of the Social Self in Reflexivity and Friendship.Claus Emmeche - 2015 - Biosemiotics 8 (2):275-289.
    The individual and social formation of a human self, from its emergence in early childhood through adolescence to adult life, has been described within philosophy, psychology and sociology as a product of developmental and social processes mediating a linguistic and social world. Semiotic scaffolding is a multi-level phenomenon. Focusing upon levels of semiosis specific to humans, the formation of the personal self and the role of friendship and similar interpersonal relations in this process is explored through Aristotle’s classical idea of (...)
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  19. (1 other version)On emergence and explanation.Nils Baas & Claus Emmeche - 1997 - Intellectica 2 (25):67-83.
    Emergence is a universal phenomenon that can be defined mathematically in a very general way. This is useful for the study of scientifically legitimate explanations of complex systems, here defined as hyperstructures. A requirement is that the observation mechanisms are considered within the general framework. Two notions of emergence are defined, and specific examples of these are discussed.
     
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  20. The Biosemiotic Approach in Biology : Theoretical Bases and Applied Models.Joao Queiroz, Claus Emmeche, Kalevi Kull & Charbel El-Hani - 2011 - In George Terzis & Robert Arp (eds.), Information and Living Systems: Philosophical and Scientific Perspectives. Bradford. pp. 91-130.
    Biosemiotics is a growing fi eld that investigates semiotic processes in the living realm in an attempt to combine the fi ndings of the biological sciences and semiotics. Semiotic processes are more or less what biologists have typically referred to as “ signals, ” “ codes, ”and “ information processing ”in biosystems, but these processes are here understood under the more general notion of semiosis, that is, the production, action, and interpretation of signs. Thus, biosemiotics can be seen as biology (...)
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  21.  47
    Abduction: Can Non-human Animals Make Discoveries?Mariana Vitti-Rodrigues & Claus Emmeche - 2017 - Biosemiotics 10 (2):295-313.
    The aim of this paper is to investigate the relationship between information and abductive reasoning in the context of problem-solving, focusing on non-human animals. Two questions guide our investigation: What is the relation between information and abductive reasoning in the context of human and non-human animals? Do non-human animals perform discovery based on inferential processes such as abductive reasoning? In order to answer these questions, we discuss the semiotic concept of information in relation to the concept of abductive reasoning and, (...)
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  22.  32
    Translating friendship alternatively through disciplines, epochs, and cultures.Claus Emmeche - 2022 - In Kobus Marais (ed.), Translation Beyond Translation Studies. London and New York: Bloomsbury Academic. pp. 165-195.
    Traditional notions of translation (TN or ‘narrow translation’) have had a primary focus on text translation and how meaning can be preserved. This chapter employs an alternative semiotic understanding of translation (TS or ‘semiotic translation’), as suggested by Kobus Marais, to demonstrate how it can be used to study inter-epoch changes in norm-directed practices and their conceptualizations, cross-cultural developments and interdisciplinary translations of concepts used to describe them. Friendship practices and their theoretical descriptions are used as a case to show (...)
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  23. Aspects of Complexity in Life and Science.Claus Emmeche - 1997 - Philosophica 59 (1).
    A short review of complexity research from the perspective of history and philosophy of biology is presented. Complexity and its emergence has scientific and metaphysical meanings. From its beginning, biology was a science of complex systems, but with the advent of electronic computing and the possibility of simulating mathematical models of complicated systems, new intuitions of complexity emerged, together with attempts to devise quantitative measures of complexity. But can we quantify the complex?
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  24.  28
    Mapping friendship and friendship research: The role of analogies and metaphors.Claus Emmeche - 2022 - In Shyam Wuppuluri & A. C. Grayling (eds.), Metaphors and Analogies in Sciences and Humanities. pp. 339-362.
    Research in general, and research on friendship in particular, uses metaphors and analogies, and research itself can be seen in analogy with map making. This chapter takes us on a meandering walk along mono- and multidisciplinary inquiries into friendship as seen from many perspectives, like that of history and philosophy of science (that has analogical modelling as a canonical style of reasoning) and semiotics, to reflect on the uses of metaphor and analogy. Semiotics as founded by C. S. Peirce is (...)
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  25. Autopoietic systems, replicators, and the search for a meaningful biologic definition of life.Claus Emmeche - 1997 - Ultimate Reality and Meaning 20:244-264.
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  26.  61
    Causal processes, semiosis, and consciousness.Claus Emmeche - 2003 - In Johanna Seibt (ed.), Process Theories: Crossdisciplinary Studies in Dynamic Categories. Springer Verlag. pp. 313-336.
    The evolutionary emergence of biological processes in organisms with inner, qualitative aspects has not been explained in any sufficient way by neurobiology, nor by the traditional neo-Darwinian paradigm — natural selection would appear to work just as well on insentient zombies (with the right behavioral input-output relations) as on real sentient animals. In consciousness studies one talks about the ‘hard problem’ of qualia. In this paper I sketch a set of principles about sign action, causality and emergent evolution. On the (...)
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  27. Biosemiotica. Berlin & New York: Mouton de Gruyter (= Semiotica vol. 127(1/4).).Thomas A. Sebeok, Jesper Hoffmeyer & Claus Emmeche (eds.) - 1999 - Berlin and New York: Mouton de Gruyter.
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  28.  62
    The Sarkar challenge to biosemiotics: Is there any information in a cell?Claus Emmeche - 1999 - Semiotica 127 (1-4):273-294.
  29.  59
    Abduction and styles of scientific thinking.Mariana Vitti Rodrigues & Claus Emmeche - 2019 - Synthese 198 (2):1397-1425.
    In philosophy of science, the literature on abduction and the literature on styles of thinking have existed almost totally in parallel. Here, for the first time, we bring them together and explore their mutual relevance. What is the consequence of the existence of several styles of scientific thinking for abduction? Can abduction, as a general creative mode of inference, have distinct characteristic forms within each style? To investigate this, firstly, we present the concept of abduction; secondly we analyze what is (...)
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  30.  62
    Modeling life: A note on the semiotics of emergence and computation in artificial and natural living systems.Claus Emmeche - 1992 - In Thomas A. Sebeok & Jean Umiker-Sebeok (eds.), Biosemiotics: The Semiotic Web 1991. pp. 77-99.
    First, a principal distinction between two different kinds of semiotic investigations is introduced, both required in the study of living signs and signs of life. Then, the attempt within the new field of Artificial Life to model and synthesise computationally based living systems is discussed with special attention paid to the possible emergence of genuine life-like behaviour in such models of for instance self-reproduction. Remarks will be made on a seemingly odd aspect of the biological concept of life; that it (...)
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  31.  54
    The biosemiotics of emergent properties in a pluralist ontology.Claus Emmeche - 1999 - In Edwina Taborsky (ed.), Semiosis, Evolution, Energy: Towards a Reconceptualization of the Sign. Shaker Verlag.
    Semiotic inquiry relating the natural sciences to an evolutionary philosophy of nature must address the relations between physical, biological and psychic systems. This can be done in various ways that either emphasize substantial differences between extensional and intensional descriptions, or strive to bridge the gap between theories of mind and matter be means of semiotic notions. Biosemiotics can contribute to integrate our concepts of matter, energy and sign systems such as the notion of a basic molecular code, which is not (...)
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  32.  46
    (1 other version)The chicken and the Orphean egg.Claus Emmeche - 2002 - Sign Systems Studies 30 (1):15-31.
    A central aspect of the relation between biosemiotics and biology is investigated by asking: Is a biological concept of function intrinsically related to a biosemiotic concept of sign action, and vice versa? A biological notion of function (as some process or part that serves some purpose in the context of maintenance and reproduction of the whole organism) is discussed in the light of the attempt to provide an understanding of life processes as being of a semiotic nature, i.e., constituted by (...)
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  33. Defining life, explaining emergence.Claus Emmeche - 1997 - Https://Web.Archive.Org/Web/20200503191727/Http://Www.Nbi.Dk/~Emmeche/Cepubl/97E.Deflife.V3F.Html.
    The strong version of Artificial Life claim that emergent computational patterns may not simply simulate life but realize the very phenomenon. This is one of several reasons why a definition of life is of interest. In this paper, it is argued that the received view of definitions of life in biology and philosophy is misleading. Generality cannot in general be dispensed with. Though criteria for adequacy of definitions are highly context-dependent, definitions of life are of a special nature, belonging to (...)
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  34.  43
    (1 other version)Closure, function, emergence, semiosis and life: The same idea? Reflections on the concrete and the abstract in theoretical biology.Claus Emmeche - 2000 - Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 901:187-197.
    In this note some epistemological problems in general theories about living systems are considered; in particular, the question of hidden connections between different areas of experience, such as folk biology and scientific biology, and hidden connections between central concepts of theoretical biology, such as function, semiosis, closure and life.
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  35.  64
    Friendship, love and the borderology of interdisciplinarity.Claus Emmeche - 2016 - In Claus Emmeche, David Budtz Pedersen & Frederik Stjernfelt (eds.), Mapping Frontier Research in the Humanities. London & New York: Bloomsbury Academic. pp. 77-96.
    Calls for interdisciplinarity in the humanities often presume the existence of disciplines as separate academic fields, with research collaboration framed as a crossing of the borders between separate areas of knowledge. By way of two case studies and a comparative approach called borderology, the chapter questions such a notion and investigates other aspects of interdisciplinary work as practised by researchers in the humanities and the social sciences. First, the rich work on modern love by sociologist Eva Illouz, illustrating a form (...)
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  36.  46
    Life as an abstract phenomenon: Is artificial life possible?Claus Emmeche - 1992 - In Francisco J. Varela & Paul Bourgine (eds.), Toward a Practice of Autonomous Systems. Proceedings of of the First European Conference on Artificial Life. Cambridge, Mass.: The MIT Press. pp. 466-474.
    Is life a property of the material structure of a living system or an abstract form of organization that can be realized in other media; artificial as well as natural? One version of the Artificial Life research programme presumes, that one can separate the logical form of an organism from its material basis of construction, and that its capacity to live and reproduce is a property of the form, not the matter (Langton 1989). This seems to oppose the notion of (...)
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  37.  61
    A biosemiotic note on organisms, animals, machines, cyborgs, and the quasi-autonomy of robots.Claus Emmeche - 2007 - Pragmatics and Cognition 15 (3):455-483.
    It is argued in this paper that robots are just quasi-autonomous beings, which must be understood, within an emergent systems view, as intrinsically linked to and presupposing human beings as societal creatures within a technologically mediated world. Biosemiotics is introduced as a perspective on living systems that is based upon contemporary biology but reinterpreted through a qualitative organicist tradition in biology. This allows for emphasizing the differences between an organism as a general semiotic system with vegetative and self-reproductive capacities, an (...)
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  38.  34
    Towards a neurosemiotics of friendship.Claus Emmeche - 2022 - In Augustin Ibáñez & Adolfo M. García (eds.), The Routledge Handbook of Semiosis and the Brain. London and New York: Routledge. pp. 279-293.
    Using the phenomenon of friendship as a case, the possibilities of a neurosemiotics of friendship is investigated by analysing ongoing research in cognitive social neuroscience on friendship. Neurosemiotics, both as a field dealing with particular semiosic processes that are neurobiologically based, and as an approach to the knowledge gained in neuroscience interpreting its semiosis of inquiry and dissemination, can help us better understand the construct of friendship having a neural basis. Thus, the claim that neural similarity predict friendship, analysed as (...)
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  39.  83
    (1 other version)The computational notion of life.Claus Emmeche - 1994 - Theoria 9 (2):1-30.
    The present paper discusses a topic often neglected by contemporary philosophy of biology: The relation between metaphorical notions of living organisms as information processing systems, the attempts to model such systems by computational means (e.g., Artificial Life research), and the idea that life itself is a computational phenomenon. This question has ramifications in theoretical biology and thedefinition of Iife, in theoretical computer science and the concept of computation, and in semiotics (the study of signs in the most general sense, including (...)
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  40.  31
    Dialogic knowledge in friendship as represented by literature and research.Claus Emmeche - 2023 - In Priscila Monteiro Borges & Juliana Rocha Franco (eds.), Tempo da Colheita: homenagem à Lucia Santaella / Harvest Time: Festschrift for Lucia Santaella. São Paolo: Editora FiloCzar.. pp. 327-348.
    Narrative desire, according to philosopher Adriana Cavarero, is the desire for one’s own history. What can semiotics of literature say about friendship as a dialogic phenomenon and the narrative desire for personal-historical knowledge in friendship, and how is this kind of knowledge semiotically different from knowledge achieved by science and scholarship? As an interpersonal relation, friendship is discussed here from the perspective of semiotics and precarious knowledge, i.e., as a historically contingent relation that can be semiotically modelled (represented by mappings (...)
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  41.  78
    (1 other version)Bioinvasion, globalization, and the contingency of cultural and biological diversity.Claus Emmeche - 2001 - Sign Systems Studies 29 (1):237-261.
    The increasing problem of bioinvasion (the mixing up of natural species characterising the planet's local ecosystems due to globalisation) is investigated as an example of an ecosemiotic problematic. One concern is the scarcity of scientific knowledge about long term ecological and evolutionary consequences of invading species. It is argued that a natural science conception of the ecology of bioinvasion should be supplemented with an ecosemiotic understanding of the significance of these problems in relation to human culture, the question of cultural (...)
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  42.  25
    Is life as a multiverse phenomenon?Claus Emmeche - 1993 - In Christopher G. Langton (ed.), Artificial Life III ( = Santa Fe Institute Studies in the Sciences of Complexity, Proceedings Volume XVII). Reading, Massachusetts.: Addison-Wesley Publishing Company.
    When posing the question "is artificial life possible?", our immediate answer is that on the one hand : of course it is - people make it, and indeed very interesting and even breathtaking structures have already been constructed, such as `aminats', self-reproducing patterns and the other things, we have seen already. In this sense we are forced to take artificial life as a fact (at least as a fact about a new branch of research), nearly in the same way that (...)
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  43.  77
    Jesper Hoffmeyer 1942–2019.Claus Emmeche, Donald Favareau & Kalevi Kull - 2019 - Biosemiotics 12 (3):365-372.
    This obituary about Jesper Hoffmeyer, thinker, scholar, science communicator, biochemist, biosemiotician, and saxophonist, gives a sketch of his intellectual biography, and provides a bibliography of the books he authored or edited.
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  44. Videnskabsteori for de biologiske fag.Hanne Andersen, Claus Emmeche, Michael Norup & Peter Sandøe - 2006 - København, Danmark: Samfundslitteratur.
     
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  45.  57
    Biology and the unity of science.Claus Emmeche - 2001 - SATS 2 (1):153-162.
    Books reviewed:Mark BevirThe Logic of the History of Ideas.
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  46. Biologisk beregning og genets metafysik.Claus Emmeche - 1994 - Philosophia 23 (1-4):9-23.
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  47.  24
    Bioinvasioon, globaliseerumine ja kultuurilise ning bioloogilise mitmekesisuse võimalikkused - ökosemiootilisi vaatlusi. Kokkuvõte.Claus Emmeche - 2001 - Sign Systems Studies 29 (1):262-262.
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  48. Cross-disciplinary course in research ethics and science studies for Ph.D.-students.Claus Emmeche & Tom Børsen Hansen - unknown
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  49. Centre for the Philosophy of Nature and Science Studies, Niels Bohr Institute, Copenhagen, Denmark, "Autopoietic Systems, Replicators, and the Search for a Meaningful Biologic Definition of Life".Claus Emmeche - 1997 - Ultimate Reality and Meaning 20 (4).
  50. Det biologiske informationsbegreb: en licentiatafhandling i teoretisk biologi og videnskabsteori.Claus Emmeche - 1989 - Dissertation, University of Copenhagen
    "Det biologiske informationsbegreb" er et bidrag til analysen af biologiens grundlagsproblemer. Begrebet om information i levende systemer forstås oftest som den genetiske kodeskrift eller som egenskaber afledt heraf. Dette begreb indgår som kernen i en central forestilling biologien om det levendes natur, og det viser samtidig hen til begreber om skrift og tegn, som de humanistiske videnskaber omhandler. -/- Hele dette idekompleks rejser filosofiske spørgsmål, som behandles i bogen. Selvom der er tale om en afhandling i teoretisk biologi og videnskabsteori, (...)
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