In this article, the effectiveness of an intervention aimed at the development of reading motivation and reading strategies within problem-oriented learning environments is evaluated. The basic assumption underlying the intervention is that reading should occur in meaningful contexts and that reading and science should be regularly integrated. The intervention challenges pupils to investigate a self-formulated problem, read several books or texts on the topic and report the results of their study. The participants were six experimental third-grade classes and seven comparable (...) control classes. The effects of the intervention were measured using a pretest-posttest control group design. Analyses of covariance were conducted to examine the effects as measured by a standardized Reading Comprehension Test, a Reading Comprehension Questionnaire, a Reading Strategy Test and a Reading Motivation Scale. The results showed the experimental group to outperform the control group with regard to knowledge of reading strategies and the use of such strategies . A significant difference in favour of the experimental group was also found for the Reading Motivation Scale. An effect on the standardized Reading Comprehension Test was not found. (shrink)

Recent documents from the Jewish-Catholic dialogue have raised the question about the relation of the two covenants, their salvific efficacy, and their continuing validity. II Cor. 3, a text renowned for its difficulties, proposes an analogy of glory which allows the old covenant to be subsumed into the new. The new covenant's transcendence grounds the demand made upon Jews to remove the veil and turn with Moses to Christ. Yet the process of inoperancy attendant upon the old covenant, the reason (...) for Moses' veiling, does not abolish it immediately; its operativeness remains within the new. Thus the Mosaic covenant, understood from the plenitude of Christ, serves to point prophetically to the new covenant and furnishes rules of conduct for Christians. Glory does not just characterize the new covenant externally; instead, because the new covenant is written on the hearts of believers, it effects a transformation of believers into Christ that is mediated by His historical appearance and the Eucharist. (shrink)

Official Dutch food information apparently tries to avoid images but is implicitly shaped by the metaphor that food is fuel. The image of food as fuel and its accompanying view of the body as a machine are not maximally helpful for integrating two important human desires: health and pleasure. At the basis of the split between health and pleasure is the traditional mind¿body dichotomy, in which the body is an important source of evil and bodily pleasure is sinful and dangerous. (...) In the search for alternatives, new metaphors are proposed that integrate mind and body as well as pleasure and health. The relevance of metaphors for ethics is at least twofold. Moral thought and theory are at least partly shaped by metaphors. In the light of this growing recognition, the analysis of morality needs innovation. With regard to food, new metaphors, such as slow food, or the image of enjoyment as an art, enable a new search for morally responsible forms of hedonism, based on more love and respect for human as well as animal bodies. But new metaphors are specific and selective, just like old ones. I argue that a search for the best overall metaphor would be misguided, but that more diverse forms of attention to bodily aspects of life, including experiences related to food, will result in richer vocabularies of the body, the mind, and body¿mind relations. This holds a promise of moral progress. (shrink)

Should we put our agricultural hopes in new technologies or in regenerative approaches? Dualisms, and their suggestion that we must choose, frame many debates. By offering just two options, they tend to discourage more wideranging and creative searches. Yet dualism can also be helpful, for example in the form of critical discussion, an antidote against confirmation bias and wishful thinking. But then again, critical dialogue is not necessarily connected with the dualism of winning or losing. Why choose, if we are (...) actually ambivalent? This lecture looks for pragmatic ways of dealing with dualisms. It proposes pilot farms as places, and as metaphors, for finding new directions on the basis of tensions, through back and forth thinking between tradition and innovation. (shrink)

As a highly technological innovation, cultured meat is the subject of techno-optimistic as well as techno-sceptical evaluations. The chapter discusses this opposition and connects it with arguments about seeing the world in the right way. Both sides not only call upon us to see the world in a very particular light, but also point to mechanisms of selective attention in order to explain how others can be so biased. I will argue that attention mechanisms are indeed relevant for dealing with (...) the Anthropocene, but that dualism has paralysing effects. In a dualistic framework, cultured meat is associated with ecomodernist optimism, bold technological control over nature and alienation from animals. But interested citizens and farmers in focus groups rather envisioned the future of cultured meat through small scale production on farms combined with intensive relations with animals. Such scenarios, involving elements from both sides of the dualistic gap, depend on constructive ways of dealing with dualisms and ambivalence. (shrink)

.This paper explores the ambiguous notion of bodily integrity, focusing on male and female circumcision. In the empirical part of the study we describe and analyse the various meanings that are given to the notion of bodily integrity by people in their daily lives. In the philosophical part we distinguish between a person-oriented and a body-oriented approach and between four levels of interpretation, i.e. bodily integrity conceived of as a biological wholeness, an experiential wholeness, an intact wholeness, and as an (...) inviolable wholeness. We argue that bodily integrity is a prima facie principle in its own right, closely connected with, but still fundamentally different from, the principle of personal autonomy, that is, autonomy over the body. (shrink)

Mental health crisis has been reported as the third wave of the Covid-19 pandemic. Grief at the loss of loved ones, shock at the loss of jobs, isolation of restrictions of movements, difficult family dynamics, and uncertainty and fear of the future are just few of the psychological sufferings pointed out by the World Health Organization. To ensure that people are mentally healthy, the government takes mental health services as essential part of the responses to the pandemic. Private organizations and (...) academic institutions also take part in this movement to safeguard the mental well-being of people in the community. Despite the efforts to prevent and remediate mental health crisis, limited number of people seek professional help. While we can assume that they might have been adjusting well to the anxieties brought about by Covid-19 pandemic, we also acknowledge the fact that a number of cases of depression and suicide had been reported in the locality for the past five months. This paper aims to provide expositions of the possible variables for young Filipino College Students’ underutilization of mental health services as well as their other possible sources of inner strength and resiliency during the Covid-19 pandemic. Help seeking behaviors of the Young Filipino students in Cor Jesu College will be explored using the lens of uncertainty and anticipation model of anxiety of Grupe and Nitschke, and resilience as a cultural variable among Filipinos. (shrink)

On 10 July 1973, Laurens, our second son, was born in the same Dutch hospital where I worked as an intensive care physician. Two weeks after we brought him. home from the hospital, my wife heard him crying at about 5:45 A.M. Rather than going to him, she decided to wait until his scheduled feeding time. At about 6:10 when she went to Laurens's room to feed him, she saw him. face down in the corner of his crib. He appeared (...) dead. She screamed for me. I ran from upstairs to Laurens's room on the ground floor. I initiated cardio-pulmonary resuscitation and continued the CPR while my wife called our general practitioner. He arrived in about 10 minutes and the ambulance arrived a minute later. (shrink)

Although most people still behave like happy meat eaters, there are good reasons to think that many are in fact ambivalent about meat. Following up on earlier findings, in this paper we describe how, in focus groups, cultured meat triggered much discussion about meat, especially among older people. While young people wondered whether they would eat cultured meat products, older people thought about diet changes in a historical perspective and wondered if and how cultured meat might become a societal success. (...) Beneath the surface of everyday behavior, in which they followed mainstream norms, many of our research participants harbored moral concerns and in various ways expressed an interest in collective change. Reflecting on the focus group discussions, we suggest, first, that appreciating the important role of ambivalence in processes of moral change requires rethinking relations between ambivalence and morality. Second, the entanglement of ambivalence with ambiguity increases the “fluidity” of such processes of change: when it is no longer clear what exactly meat is, the meanings and experiences of eating it also become unsettled. This has implications for thinking about morality in times of change. Studying consumer choices cannot do justice to processes of ambivalence and ambiguity below the surface of behavior. More generally, the idea that morality resides in making up our minds about clear moral choices gives way to the need to become skilled, collectively as well as individually, in dealing imaginatively with ambivalence and ambiguity. (shrink)

With regard to the theoretical place of environmental factors in development, three approaches to evolution and development can be distinguished. One is the neo-Darwinist approach in which genetic programs are central. The other two present themselves as alternatives to the gene-centrism in present-day biology. I discuss pairwise similarities and differences between the three approaches. Goodwin's approach differs from neo-Darwinism in its favoured types of causes, but shares the internalist perspective on embryological development. The constructionist alternative proposes to enlarge the developmental (...) system to include external factors, and shares with neo-Darwinism the emphasis on contingent causes. Thus there is neither a grand dichotomy in biology, between neo-Darwinism and its alternative, nor a grand trichotomy. Different purposes make different approaches useful. I conclude by arguing that environmental influences should have a more prominent place in developmental biology. (shrink)

Questions the dominant biological approach of explaining animal development as entirely genetic by exploring the explanatory value of investigating environmental influences.

Por meio de processos-crime, reflete-se sobre a organização racial/racista da sociedade no passado. O assassinato de Vicente Crioulo, no ano de 1848, funciona como o primeiro paradigma para que se entenda que o Estado representa apenas um dos canais para a subjugação de povos não-brancos aos brancos dominadores. Esta abordagem filia-se à micro-história, e procura ver a vida cotidiana de homens e mulheres negras, escolhendo três casos paradigmáticos, que caminham da tortura e morte de um homem negro à uma rebelião (...) de escravos contra o seu feitor. Trata-se de uma narrativa de dor, mas também de resistência à ordem escravocrata. (shrink)

Two approaches to an integration of evolution and development are often distinguished, one neo-Darwinian and the other structuralist. Should these approaches in turn be integrated? Kelly Smith recently stated that we need a more complete theory of biological order, suggesting integration as the ideal. In response to him, I argue that a recognition of different types of scientific questions and causal explanation is more urgent. Do we understand development when we know the crucial factors in the process of differentiation, or (...) rather when we know the laws that govern the transformations of fields? Without a recognition of these different explanatory ideals, integration is likely to have the character of annexation. (shrink)

Frans de Waal’s view that empathy is at the basis of morality directly seems to build on Darwin, who considered sympathy as the crucial instinct. Yet when we look closer, their understanding of the central social instinct differs considerably. De Waal sees our deeply ingrained tendency to sympathize (or rather: empathize) with others as the good side of our morally dualistic nature. For Darwin, sympathizing was not the whole story of the workings of sympathy ; the (selfish) need to receive (...) sympathy played just as central a role in the complex roads from sympathy to morality. Darwin’s understanding of sympathy stems from Adam Smith, who argued that the presence of morally impure motives should not be a reason for cynicism about morality. I suggest that De Waal’s approach could benefit from a more thorough alignment with the analysis of the workings of sympathy in the work of Darwin and Adam Smith. (shrink)

The technology required for tissue-engineering food is the same as for medical applications, and in fact is derived from it. There are major differences in the implementation of those technologies, primarily related to the enormous scale required for food production and the different economical framework. In addition, the emotional context of food tissue engineering is also more complex than for medical applications. On the other hand, the tissues that are generated do not need to integrate in the body, with less (...) risk of adverse effects in the event of incomplete functional, neuronal or humoral adaptation. The implementation of tissue engineering for food is still in its infancy. No products exist yet. It will be extremely challenging to make these products a reality for the consumer, but the reward and return in terms of value for our society will be tremendous. (shrink)

The effects of an instructional programme for deriving word meanings from the context and through morphological analysis for grade 4 primary‐school pupils with poor versus average reading comprehension were examined. The programme is based on the principles of direct instruction and reciprocal teaching. A pre‐test‐post‐test control group design was used to measure the effects of the programme. The results showed the programme to have a significant positive effect on the ability of the pupils to derive word meanings. Transfer of this (...) ability to more general reading comprehension was not, however, found to occur. Finally, the readers for whom the programme is primarily intended, namely poor reading comprehenders, were found to benefit more from the training than average reading comprehenders. (shrink)

The perception involves a lot of enigmas, the unity between its content and form not always looking to be assured. Such enigmas are exemplified by the optical illusions, by Molyneux’s famous problem and also, as it interests us here, by the problem of the expression of colors in chromatic models, which express logical incompatibilities, but which refer to the territory of experience itself with colors and pigments. In this paper, we will distinguish two uses of Farbenoktaeder by Wittgenstein by registering (...) the difference, which we consider relevant, between ample incompatibility and restrict incompatibility among colors. (shrink)

Com este breve artigo, prendemos fazer um estudo sobre os Sodomitas “de cor” perseguidos pela Inquisição Portuguesa na Bahia do século XVII. Inicialmente, faz-se uma reflexão sobre a Sodomia, delito contra a fé católica, crime que estava sob a alçada do Tribunal do Santo Ofício e que fora praticado pelos negros escravizados e a partir dos documentos inquisitoriais, discorremos sobre a trajetória dos desviantes: o cativo lisboeta Jeronimo Soares, que fora acusado de sodomita e “alcoviteiro” e o mulato ator cômico (...) Bugio, denunciado por praticar sodomia, por fim, procuramos evidenciar as andanças, força, formas de repressão utilizadas contra esses sodomitas no contexto baiano, assim com a influência da religião – Igreja Católica – e as ferramentas de controle utilizadas para “convencer” a sociedade colonial a seguir o caminho correto da fé e da moral. As fontes utilizadas são os registros de depoimentos dos “hereges” e das testemunhas, produzidas pelo Santo Ofício, localizadas no Arquivo Nacional da Torre do Tombo : Sumário de culpa nº 12257 e Caderno do Promotor nº 29. Palavras-chave: Escravidão, Sodomia, Inquisição, Brasil Colônia. (shrink)

Official Dutch food information apparently tries to avoid images but is implicitly shaped by the metaphor that food is fuel. The image of food as fuel and its accompanying view of the body as a machine are not maximally helpful for integrating two important human desires: health and pleasure. At the basis of the split between health and pleasure is the traditional mind–body dichotomy, in which the body is an important source of evil and bodily pleasure is sinful and dangerous. (...) In the search for alternatives, new metaphors are proposed that integrate mind and body as well as pleasure and health. The relevance of metaphors for ethics is at least twofold. (1) Moral thought and theory are at least partly shaped by metaphors. In the light of this growing recognition, the analysis of morality needs innovation. (2) With regard to food, new metaphors, such as slow food, or the image of enjoyment as an art, enable a new search for morally responsible forms of hedonism, based on more love and respect for human as well as animal bodies. But new metaphors are specific and selective, just like old ones. I argue that a search for the best overall metaphor would be misguided, but that more diverse forms of attention to bodily aspects of life, including experiences related to food, will result in richer vocabularies of the body, the mind, and body–mind relations. This holds a promise of moral progress. (shrink)