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Dan Klein [19]Daniel B. Klein [10]Daniel Klein [6]Daniel N. Klein [4]
Daniel M. Klein [2]
  1.  40
    (1 other version)Accurate Unlexicalized Parsing.Dan Klein & Christopher D. Manning - unknown
    We demonstrate that an unlexicalized PCFG can parse much more accurately than previously shown, by making use of simple, linguistically motivated state splits, which break down false independence assumptions latent in a vanilla treebank grammar. Indeed, its performance of 86.36% (LP/LR F1) is better than that of early lexicalized PCFG models, and surprisingly close to the current state-of-theart. This result has potential uses beyond establishing a strong lower bound on the maximum possible accuracy of unlexicalized models: an unlexicalized PCFG is (...)
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  2.  34
    Analyzing the Rate at Which Languages Lose the Influence of a Common Ancestor.Anna N. Rafferty, Thomas L. Griffiths & Dan Klein - 2014 - Cognitive Science 38 (7):1406-1431.
    Analyzing the rate at which languages change can clarify whether similarities across languages are solely the result of cognitive biases or might be partially due to descent from a common ancestor. To demonstrate this approach, we use a simple model of language evolution to mathematically determine how long it should take for the distribution over languages to lose the influence of a common ancestor and converge to a form that is determined by constraints on language learning. We show that modeling (...)
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  3. Professors and their politics: The policy views of social scientists.Daniel B. Klein & Charlotta Stern - 2005 - Critical Review: A Journal of Politics and Society 17 (3-4):257-303.
    Academic social scientists overwhelmingly vote Democratic, and the Democratic hegemony has increased significantly since 1970. Moreover, the policy preferences of a large sample of the members of the scholarly associations in anthropology, economics, history, legal and political philosophy, political science, and sociology generally bear out conjectures about the correspondence of partisan identification with left/right ideal types; although across the board, both Democratic and Republican academics favor government action more than the ideal types might suggest. Variations in policy views among Democrats (...)
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  4.  23
    (1 other version)Fast Exact Inference with a Factored Model for Natural Language Parsing.Dan Klein & Christopher D. Manning - unknown
    We present a novel generative model for natural language tree structures in which semantic (lexical dependency) and syntactic (PCFG) structures are scored with separate models. This factorization provides conceptual simplicity, straightforward opportunities for separately improving the component models, and a level of performance comparable to similar, non-factored models. Most importantly, unlike other modern parsing models, the factored model admits an extremely effective A* parsing algorithm, which enables efficient, exact inference.
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  5.  27
    (1 other version)Natural Language Grammar Induction using a Constituent-Context Model.Dan Klein & Christopher D. Manning - unknown
    This paper presents a novel approach to the unsupervised learning of syntactic analyses of natural language text. Most previous work has focused on maximizing likelihood according to generative PCFG models. In contrast, we employ a simpler probabilistic model over trees based directly on constituent identity and linear context, and use an EM-like iterative procedure to induce structure. This method produces much higher quality analyses, giving the best published results on the ATIS dataset.
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  6.  36
    The man within the breast, the supreme impartial spectator, and other impartial spectators in Adam Smith’s The Theory of Moral Sentiments.Daniel B. Klein, Erik W. Matson & Colin Doran - 2018 - History of European Ideas 44 (8):1153-1168.
    ABSTRACTAdam Smith infused the expression ‘impartial spectator’ with a plexus of related meanings, one of which is a super-being, which bears parallels to monotheistic ideas of God. As for any genuine, identified, human spectator, he can be deemed impartial only presumptively. Such presumptive impartiality as regards the incident does not of itself carry extensive implications about his intelligence, nor about his being aligned with benevolence towards any larger whole. We may posit, however, a being who is impartial and who holds (...)
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  7.  20
    Is Parent–Child Disagreement on Child Anxiety Explained by Differences in Measurement Properties? An Examination of Measurement Invariance Across Informants and Time.Thomas M. Olino, Megan Finsaas, Lea R. Dougherty & Daniel N. Klein - 2018 - Frontiers in Psychology 9.
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  8.  78
    Faculty partisan affiliations in all disciplines: A voter‐registration study.Christopher F. Cardiff & Daniel B. Klein - 2005 - Critical Review: A Journal of Politics and Society 17 (3-4):237-255.
    The party registration of tenure‐track faculty at 11 California universities, ranging from small, private, religiously affiliated institutions to large, public, elite schools, shows that the “one‐party campus” conjecture does not extend to all institutions or all departments. At one end of the scale, U.C. Berkeley has an adjusted Democrat:Republican ratio of almost 9:1, while Pepperdine University has a ratio of nearly 1:1. Academic field also makes a tremendous difference, with the humanities averaging a 10:1 D:R ratio and business schools averaging (...)
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  9.  36
    A Generative Constituent-Context Model for Improved Grammar Induction.Dan Klein & Christopher D. Manning - unknown
    We present a generative distributional model for the unsupervised induction of natural language syntax which explicitly models constituent yields and contexts. Parameter search with EM produces higher quality analyses than previously exhibited by unsupervised systems, giving the best published unsupervised parsing results on the ATIS corpus. Experiments on Penn treebank sentences of comparable length show an even higher F1 of 71% on nontrivial brackets. We compare distributionally induced and actual part-of-speech tags as input data, and examine extensions to the basic (...)
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  10. On the Semantics of Risk Propagation.Mattia Fumagalli, Gal Engelberg, Tiago Prince Sales, Ítalo Oliveira, Dan Klein, Pnina Soffer, Riccardo Baratella & Giancarlo Guizzardi - forthcoming - In Mattia Fumagalli, Gal Engelberg, Tiago Prince Sales, Ítalo Oliveira, Dan Klein, Pnina Soffer, Riccardo Baratella & Giancarlo Guizzardi (eds.), Research Challenges in Information Science - 16th International Conference, RCIS 2023. Springer.
    Risk propagation encompasses a plethora of techniques for analyzing how risk “spreads” in a given system. Albeit commonly used in technical literature, the very notion of risk propagation turns out to be a conceptually imprecise and overloaded one. This might also explain the multitude of modeling solutions that have been proposed in the lit- erature. Having a clear understanding of what exactly risk is, how it be quantified, and in what sense it can be propagated is fundamental for devising high-quality (...)
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  11.  50
    Stability of self-referent encoding task performance and associations with change in depressive symptoms from early to middle childhood.Brandon L. Goldstein, Elizabeth P. Hayden & Daniel N. Klein - 2015 - Cognition and Emotion 29 (8):1445-1455.
  12.  23
    Parsing with Treebank Grammars: Empirical Bounds, Theoretical Models, and the Structure of the Penn Treebank.Dan Klein & Christopher D. Manning - unknown
    This paper presents empirical studies and closely corresponding theoretical models of the performance of a chart parser exhaustively parsing the Penn Treebank with the Treebank’s own CFG grammar. We show how performance is dramatically affected by rule representation and tree transformations, but little by top-down vs. bottom-up strategies. We discuss grammatical saturation, including analysis of the strongly connected components of the phrasal nonterminals in the Treebank, and model how, as sentence length increases, the effective grammar rule size increases as regions (...)
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  13.  35
    Hume and Smith on utility, agreeableness, propriety, and moral approval.Erik W. Matson, Colin Doran & Daniel B. Klein - 2019 - History of European Ideas 45 (5):675-704.
    OVERVIEWWe ambitiously reexamine Smith’s moral theory in relation to Hume’s. We regard Smith's developments as glorious and important. We also see them as quite fully agreeable to Hume, as enhancement, not departure. But Smith represents matters otherwise! Why would Smith overstate disagreement with his best friend?One aspect of Smith’s enhancement, an aspect he makes very conspicuous, is that between moral approval and beneficialness there is another phase, namely, the moral judge's sense of propriety. With that phase now finding formulation, Smith, (...)
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  14.  23
    Conditional Structure versus Conditional Estimation in NLP Models.Dan Klein & Christopher D. Manning - unknown
    This paper separates conditional parameter estima- tion, which consistently raises test set accuracy on statistical NLP tasks, from conditional model struc- tures, such as the conditional Markov model used for maximum-entropy tagging, which tend to lower accuracy. Error analysis on part-of-speech tagging shows that the actual tagging errors made by the conditionally structured model derive not only from label bias, but also from other ways in which the independence assumptions of the conditional model structure are unsuited to linguistic sequences. The (...)
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  15.  30
    The half-life of policy rationales: How new technology affects old policy issues.Fred E. Foldvary & Daniel B. Klein - 2002 - Knowledge, Technology & Policy 15 (3):82-92.
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  16. Research Challenges in Information Science - 16th International Conference, RCIS 2023.Mattia Fumagalli, Gal Engelberg, Tiago Prince Sales, Ítalo Oliveira, Dan Klein, Pnina Soffer, Riccardo Baratella & Giancarlo Guizzardi (eds.) - forthcoming - Springer.
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  17.  40
    Cognitive and temperamental vulnerability to depression: Longitudinal associations with regional cortical activity.Elizabeth P. Hayden, Stewart A. Shankman, Thomas M. Olino, C. Emily Durbin, Craig E. Tenke, Gerard E. Bruder & Daniel N. Klein - 2008 - Cognition and Emotion 22 (7):1415-1428.
  18.  46
    (1 other version)An Ç ´Ò¿ µ Agenda-Based Chart Parser for Arbitrary Probabilistic Context-Free Grammars.Dan Klein & Christopher D. Manning - unknown
    While Ç ´Ò¿ µ methods for parsing probabilistic context-free grammars (PCFGs) are well known, a tabular parsing framework for arbitrary PCFGs which allows for botton-up, topdown, and other parsing strategies, has not yet been provided. This paper presents such an algorithm, and shows its correctness and advantages over prior work. The paper finishes by bringing out the connections between the algorithm and work on hypergraphs, which permits us to extend the presented Viterbi (best parse) algorithm to an inside (total probability) (...)
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  19.  18
    Asymmetric Interpretations.Daniel B. Klein - 2002 - Journal des Economistes Et des Etudes Humaines 12 (1).
    Knowledge consists of the triad: information, interpretation, and judgement. Much of modern political economy has miscarried by proceeding as though knowledge were merely “information” that is, as though interpretation were symmetric and final. Economic prosperity depends greatly on new knowledge or “discovery” of profit opportunities that translate into social betterment. These discoveries are often a transcending of the working interpretation, not merely the acquisition of new information. The evolution of interpretations is key to appreciating voluntarism as a maxim for policy. (...)
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  20.  23
    A∗ parsing: Fast exact viterbi parse selection.Dan Klein & Christopher D. Manning - unknown
    A* PCFG parsing can dramatically reduce the time required to find the exact Viterbi parse by conservatively estimating outside Viterbi probabilities. We discuss various estimates and give efficient algorithms for computing them. On Penn treebank sentences, our most detailed estimate reduces the total number of edges processed to less than 3% of that required by exhaustive parsing, and even a simpler estimate which can be pre-computed in under a minute still reduces the work by a factor of 5. The algorithm (...)
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  21.  13
    Combining Heterogeneous Classifiers for Word-Sense Disambiguation.Dan Klein, Christopher D. Manning & Kristina Toutanova - unknown
    This paper discusses ensembles of simple but heterogeneous classifiers for word-sense disambiguation, examining the Stanford-CS224N system entered in the SENSEVAL-2 English lexical sample task. First-order classifiers are combined by a second-order classifier, which variously uses majority voting, weighted voting, or a maximum entropy model. While individual first-order classifiers perform comparably to middle-scoring teams’ systems, the combination achieves high performance. We discuss trade-offs and empirical performance. Finally, we present an analysis of the combination, examining how ensemble performance depends on error independence (...)
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  22.  18
    Computing PageRank using Power Extrapolation.Dan Klein & Chris Manning - unknown
    Method by subtracting off the error along several nonprincipal eigenvectors from the current iterate of the Power Method, making use of known nonprincipal eigenvalues of the Web hyperlink matrix. Empirically, we show that using Power Extrapolation speeds up PageRank computation by 30% on a Web graph of 80 million nodes in realistic scenarios over the standard power method, in a way that is simple to understand and implement.
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  23. Direct and Overall Liberty: Replies to Walter Block and Claudia Williamson.Daniel Klein & Michael Clark - 2012 - Reason Papers 34 (2):133-143.
  24. Direct and Overall Liberty: Areas and Extent of Disagreement.Daniel Klein & Michael Clark - 2010 - Reason Papers 32:41-66.
     
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  25. Distributional Phrase Structure Induction.Dan Klein & Christopher D. Manning - unknown
    Unsupervised grammar induction systems commonly judge potential constituents on the basis of their effects on the likelihood of the data. Linguistic justifications of constituency, on the other hand, rely on notions such as substitutability and varying external contexts. We describe two systems for distributional grammar induction which operate on such principles, using part-of-speech tags as the contextual features. The advantages and disadvantages of these systems are examined, including precision/recall trade-offs, error analysis, and extensibility.
     
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  26.  7
    Every time I find the meaning of life, they change it: wisdom of the great philosophers on how to live.Daniel M. Klein - 2015 - New York: Penguin Books.
    As a young college student studying philosophy, Klein filled a notebook with short quotes from the world's greatest thinkers, hoping to find some guidance on how to live the best life he could. As he revisits the wisdom he relished in his youth, each extract is annotated with Klein's inimitable charm and insights. He tackles life's biggest questions-- and leaves us chuckling and enlightened.
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  27.  19
    From instance-level constraints to space-level constraints: Making the most of prior knowledge in data clustering.Dan Klein & Christopher D. Manning - unknown
    We present an improved method for clustering in the presence of very limited supervisory information, given as pairwise instance constraints. By allowing instance-level constraints to have spacelevel inductive implications, we are able to successfully incorporate constraints for a wide range of data set types. Our method greatly improves on the previously studied constrained -means algorithm, generally requiring less than half as many constraints to achieve a given accuracy on a range of real-world data, while also being more robust when over-constrained. (...)
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  28. forthcoming. Narrow-Tent Democrats and Fringe Others: The Policy Views of Social Science Professors.Daniel B. Klein & Charlotta Stern - forthcoming - Critical Review: A Journal of Politics and Society.
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  29. Frank questions to discipline your theorizing.Daniel B. Klein - 2014 - In Richard Swedberg (ed.), Theorizing in Social Science: The Context of Discovery. Stanford, California: Stanford University Press.
     
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  30.  25
    Go ahead and let him try: A plea for egonomic laissez‐faire.Daniel B. Klein - 1992 - Inquiry: An Interdisciplinary Journal of Philosophy 35 (1):3 – 20.
    Thomas Schelling has described how each of us is made up of conflicting impulses. The art of managing these impulses Schelling dubs ?egonomics?. The idea of egonomic calamity underlies paternalism (or, breaking convention, what I call ?parentalism'). The paper argues for laissez?faire in matters egonomic. The rationalizations I give for this libertarian sentiment are old ones, such as accentuating the dignity of the individual and letting the individual learn from example and from his own experience. Also I note, as H. (...)
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  31.  17
    Interpreting and extending classical agglomerative clustering algorithms using a model-based approach.Dan Klein & Christopher D. Manning - unknown
    erative clustering. First, we show formally that the common heuristic agglomerative clustering algorithms – Ward’s method, single-link, complete-link, and a variant of group-average – are each equivalent to a hierarchical model-based method. This interpretation gives a theoretical explanation of the empirical behavior of these algorithms, as well as a principled approach to resolving practical issues, such as number of clusters or the choice of method. Second, we show how a model-based viewpoint can suggest variations on these basic agglomerative algorithms. We (...)
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  32.  39
    If Government is so Villainous, How come Government Officials don't seem like Villains?Daniel B. Klein - 1994 - Economics and Philosophy 10 (1):91-106.
    At lunch one day a colleague and I had a friendly argument over occupational licensing. I attacked it for being anticompetitive, arguing that licensing boards raise occupational incomes by restricting entry, advertising, and commercialization. My colleague, while acknowledging anticompetitive aspects, affirmed the need for licensing on the grounds of protecting the consumer from frauds and quacks. In many areas of infrequent and specialized dealing, consumers are not able, ex ante or even ex post, to evaluate competence. I countered by suggesting (...)
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  33.  14
    Jokes and Philosophy.Daniel Klein & Thomas Cathcart - 2020 - The Philosophy of Humor Yearbook 1 (1):249-251.
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  34. Mere Libertarianism: Blending Hayek and Rothbard.Daniel Klein - 2004 - Reason Papers 27:7-43.
     
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  35.  30
    Named Entity Recognition with Character-Level Models.Dan Klein - unknown
    We discuss two named-entity recognition models which use characters and character n-grams either exclusively or as an important part of their data representation. The first model is a character-level HMM with minimal context information, and the second model is a maximum-entropy conditional markov model with substantially richer context features. Our best model achieves an overall F1 of 86.07% on the English test data (92.31% on the development data). This number represents a 25% error reduction over the same model without word-internal (...)
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  36.  25
    (1 other version)Parsing and Hypergraphs.Dan Klein & Christopher D. Manning - unknown
    While symbolic parsers can be viewed as deduction systems, this view is less natural for probabilistic parsers. We present a view of parsing as directed hypergraph analysis which naturally covers both symbolic and probabilistic parsing. We illustrate the approach by showing how a dynamic extension of Dijkstra’s algorithm can be used to construct a probabilistic chart parser with an Ç´Ò¿µ time bound for arbitrary PCFGs, while preserving as much of the flexibility of symbolic chart parsers as allowed by the inherent (...)
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  37.  20
    Policy medicine versus policy quackery: Economists against the FDA.Daniel Klein - 2000 - Knowledge, Technology & Policy 13 (1):92-101.
  38.  27
    Science and Law Separated by Impenetrable Language Barriers: Overcoming Impediments to Much Needed Interactions.Daniel Klein, Omri Koltin, Maya Peleg, Idan Portnoy & Dov Greenbaum - 2017 - American Journal of Bioethics Neuroscience 8 (1):37-39.
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  39.  13
    Travels with Epicurus: a journey to a Greek island in search of a fulfilled life.Daniel M. Klein - 2012 - New York: Penguin Books.
    Table at Dimitri's Taverna : on seeking a philosophy of old age -- Old Greek's olive trees : on Epicurus's philosophy of fulfillment -- Deserted terrace : on time and worry beads -- Tasso's rain-spattered photographs : on solitary reflection -- Sirocco of youth's beauty : on existential authenticity -- Tintinnabulation of sheep bells : on mellowing to metaphysics -- Iphigenia's guest : on stoicism and old old age -- Burning boat in Kamini Harbor : on the timeliness of spirituality (...)
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  40.  39
    Defining reactivity: How several methodological decisions can affect conclusions about emotional reactivity in psychopathology.Brady D. Nelson, Stewart A. Shankman, Thomas M. Olino & Daniel N. Klein - 2011 - Cognition and Emotion 25 (8):1439-1459.
    There are many important methodological decisions that need to be made when examining emotional reactivity in psychopathology. In the present study, we examined the effects of two such decisions in an investigation of emotional reactivity in depression: (1) which (if any) comparison condition to employ; and (2) how to define change. Depressed (N = 69) and control (N = 37) participants viewed emotion-inducing film clips while subjective and facial responses were measured. Emotional reactivity was defined using no comparison condition (i.e., (...)
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  41. Boosting D3FEND: Ontological analysis and recommendations.Ítalo Oliveira, Gal Engelberg, Pedro Paulo F. Barcelos, Tiago Prince Sales, Mattia Fumagalli, Riccardo Baratella, Dan Klein & Giancarlo Guizzardi - 1998 - In Nicola Guarino (ed.), Formal Ontology in Information Systems. IOS Press.
    Formal Ontology is a discipline whose business is to develop formal theories about general aspects of reality such as identity, dependence, parthood, truth-making, causality, etc. A foundational ontology is a specific consistent set of these ontological theories that support activities such as domain analysis, conceptual clarification, and meaning negotiation. A (well-founded) core ontology specifies, under a foundational ontology, the central concepts and relations of a given domain. Foundational and core ontologies can be seen as ontology engineering frameworks to systematically address (...)
     
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