33 found
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  1.  38
    A counterfactual simulation model of causal judgments for physical events.Tobias Gerstenberg, Noah D. Goodman, David A. Lagnado & Joshua B. Tenenbaum - 2021 - Psychological Review 128 (5):936-975.
  2. Temporal binding, causation and agency: Developing a new theoretical framework.Christoph Hoerl, Sara Lorimer, Teresa McCormack, David A. Lagnado, Emma Blakey, Emma C. Tecwyn & Marc J. Buehner - 2020 - Cognitive Science 44 (5):e12843.
    In temporal binding, the temporal interval between one event and another, occurring some time later, is subjectively compressed. We discuss two ways in which temporal binding has been conceptualized. In studies showing temporal binding between a voluntary action and its causal consequences, such binding is typically interpreted as providing a measure of an implicit or pre-reflective “sense of agency”. However, temporal binding has also been observed in contexts not involving voluntary action, but only the passive observation of a cause-effect sequence. (...)
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  3.  64
    Judgments of cause and blame: The effects of intentionality and foreseeability.David A. Lagnado & Shelley Channon - 2008 - Cognition 108 (3):754-770.
  4. Causal Responsibility and Counterfactuals.David A. Lagnado, Tobias Gerstenberg & Ro'I. Zultan - 2013 - Cognitive Science 37 (6):1036-1073.
    How do people attribute responsibility in situations where the contributions of multiple agents combine to produce a joint outcome? The prevalence of over-determination in such cases makes this a difficult problem for counterfactual theories of causal responsibility. In this article, we explore a general framework for assigning responsibility in multiple agent contexts. We draw on the structural model account of actual causation (e.g., Halpern & Pearl, 2005) and its extension to responsibility judgments (Chockler & Halpern, 2004). We review the main (...)
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  5. A General Structure for Legal Arguments About Evidence Using Bayesian Networks.Norman Fenton, Martin Neil & David A. Lagnado - 2013 - Cognitive Science 37 (1):61-102.
    A Bayesian network (BN) is a graphical model of uncertainty that is especially well suited to legal arguments. It enables us to visualize and model dependencies between different hypotheses and pieces of evidence and to calculate the revised probability beliefs about all uncertain factors when any piece of new evidence is presented. Although BNs have been widely discussed and recently used in the context of legal arguments, there is no systematic, repeatable method for modeling legal arguments as BNs. Hence, where (...)
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  6.  53
    Do We “do‘?Steven A. Sloman & David A. Lagnado - 2005 - Cognitive Science 29 (1):5-39.
    A normative framework for modeling causal and counterfactual reasoning has been proposed by Spirtes, Glymour, and Scheines. The framework takes as fundamental that reasoning from observation and intervention differ. Intervention includes actual manipulation as well as counterfactual manipulation of a model via thought. To represent intervention, Pearl employed the do operator that simplifies the structure of a causal model by disconnecting an intervened-on variable from its normal causes. Construing the do operator as a psychological function affords predictions about how people (...)
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  7.  24
    Formalizing Neurath’s ship: Approximate algorithms for online causal learning.Neil R. Bramley, Peter Dayan, Thomas L. Griffiths & David A. Lagnado - 2017 - Psychological Review 124 (3):301-338.
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  8.  46
    Time reordered: Causal perception guides the interpretation of temporal order.Christos Bechlivanidis & David A. Lagnado - 2016 - Cognition 146:58-66.
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  9.  45
    Lucky or clever? From expectations to responsibility judgments.Tobias Gerstenberg, Tomer D. Ullman, Jonas Nagel, Max Kleiman-Weiner, David A. Lagnado & Joshua B. Tenenbaum - 2018 - Cognition 177 (C):122-141.
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  10.  43
    Causal reasoning through intervention.York Hagmayer, Steven A. Sloman, David A. Lagnado & Michael R. Waldmann - 2007 - In Alison Gopnik & Laura Schulz (eds.), Causal learning: psychology, philosophy, and computation. New York: Oxford University Press.
  11.  52
    Spreading the blame: The allocation of responsibility amongst multiple agents.Tobias Gerstenberg & David A. Lagnado - 2010 - Cognition 115 (1):166-171.
  12.  61
    Legal idioms: a framework for evidential reasoning.David A. Lagnado, Norman Fenton & Martin Neil - 2013 - Argument and Computation 4 (1):46 - 63.
    (2013). Legal idioms: a framework for evidential reasoning. Argument & Computation: Vol. 4, Formal Models of Reasoning in Cognitive Psychology, pp. 46-63. doi: 10.1080/19462166.2012.682656.
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  13.  63
    Finding fault: causality and counterfactuals in group attributions.Ro’I. Zultan, Tobias Gerstenberg & David A. Lagnado - 2012 - Cognition 125 (3):429-440.
  14.  32
    Beyond covariation.David A. Lagnado, Michael R. Waldmann, York Hagmayer & Steven A. Sloman - 2007 - In Alison Gopnik & Laura Schulz (eds.), Causal learning: psychology, philosophy, and computation. New York: Oxford University Press.
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  15.  27
    Drawing conclusions: Representing and evaluating competing explanations.Alice Liefgreen & David A. Lagnado - 2023 - Cognition 234 (C):105382.
  16.  21
    Not so simple! Causal mechanisms increase preference for complex explanations.Jeffrey C. Zemla, Steven A. Sloman, Christos Bechlivanidis & David A. Lagnado - 2023 - Cognition 239 (C):105551.
  17.  28
    When causality shapes the experience of time: Evidence for temporal binding in young children.Emma Blakey, Emma Tecwyn, Teresa McCormack, David A. Lagnado, Christoph Hoerl, Sara Lorimer & Marc J. Buehner - 2019 - Developmental Science 22 (3):e12769.
    It is well established that the temporal proximity of two events is a fundamental cue to causality. Recent research with adults has shown that this relation is bidirectional: events that are believed to be causally related are perceived as occurring closer together in time—the so‐called temporal binding effect. Here, we examined the developmental origins of temporal binding. Participants predicted when an event that was either caused by a button press, or preceded by a non‐causal signal, would occur. We demonstrate for (...)
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  18.  30
    The developmental profile of temporal binding: From childhood to adulthood.Sara Lorimer, Teresa McCormack, Emma Blakey, David A. Lagnado, Christoph Hoerl, Emma Tecwyn & Marc J. Buehner - 2020 - Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology 73 (10):1575-1586.
    Temporal binding refers to a phenomenon whereby the time interval between a cause and its effect is perceived as shorter than the same interval separating two unrelated events. We examined the developmental profile of this phenomenon by comparing the performance of groups of children (aged 6-7-, 7-8-, and 9-10- years) and adults on a novel interval estimation task. In Experiment 1, participants made judgments about the time interval between i) their button press and a rocket launch, and ii) a non-causal (...)
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  19.  13
    Making a positive difference: Criticality in groups.Tobias Gerstenberg, David A. Lagnado & Ro’I. Zultan - 2023 - Cognition 238 (C):105499.
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  20. Are Causal Structure and Intervention Judgments Inextricably Linked? A Developmental Study.Caren A. Frosch, Teresa McCormack, David A. Lagnado & Patrick Burns - 2012 - Cognitive Science 36 (2):261-285.
    The application of the formal framework of causal Bayesian Networks to children’s causal learning provides the motivation to examine the link between judgments about the causal structure of a system, and the ability to make inferences about interventions on components of the system. Three experiments examined whether children are able to make correct inferences about interventions on different causal structures. The first two experiments examined whether children’s causal structure and intervention judgments were consistent with one another. In Experiment 1, children (...)
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  21.  50
    Causality influences children's and adults' experience of temporal order.Emma C. Tecwyn, Christos Bechlivanidis, David A. Lagnado, Christoph Hoerl, Sara Lorimer, Emma Blakey, Teresa McCormack & Marc J. Buehner - 2020 - Developmental Psychology 56 (4):739-755.
    Although it has long been known that time is a cue to causation, recent work with adults has demonstrated that causality can also influence the experience of time. In causal reordering (Bechlivanidis & Lagnado, 2013, 2016) adults tend to report the causally consistent order of events, rather than the correct temporal order. However, the effect has yet to be demonstrated in children. Across four pre-registered experiments, 4- to 10-year-old children (N=813) and adults (N=178) watched a 3-object Michotte-style ‘pseudocollision’. While in (...)
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  22.  16
    Propensities and Second Order Uncertainty: A Modified Taxi Cab Problem.Stephen H. Dewitt, Norman E. Fenton, Alice Liefgreen & David A. Lagnado - 2020 - Frontiers in Psychology 11:503233.
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  23.  22
    The influence of hierarchy on probability judgment.David A. Lagnado & David R. Shanks - 2003 - Cognition 89 (2):157-178.
    Consider the task of predicting which soccer team will win the next World Cup. The bookmakers may judge Brazil to be the team most likely to win, but also judge it most likely that a European rather than a Latin American team will win. This is an example of a non-aligned hierarchy structure: the most probable event at the subordinate level (Brazil wins) appears to be inconsistent with the most probable event at the superordinate level (a European team wins). In (...)
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  24.  15
    Categorical Updating in a Bayesian Propensity Problem.Stephen H. Dewitt, Nine Adler, Carmen Li, Ekaterina Stoilova, Norman E. Fenton & David A. Lagnado - 2023 - Cognitive Science 47 (7):e13313.
    We present three experiments using a novel problem in which participants update their estimates of propensities when faced with an uncertain new instance. We examine this using two different causal structures (common cause/common effect) and two different scenarios (agent‐based/mechanical). In the first, participants must update their estimate of the propensity for two warring nations to successfully explode missiles after being told of a new explosion on the border between both nations. In the second, participants must update their estimate of the (...)
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  25. Alexandre pouget, Jean-Christophe ducom, Jeffrey torri and Daphne bavelier (university of rochester) multisensory spatial representations in eye-centered coordinates for reaching, b1–b11.David Carmel, Shlomo Bentin, Chang Hong Liu, Avi Chaudhuri, David A. Lagnado & David R. Shanks - 2002 - Cognition 83:323-325.
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  26.  35
    The Influence of Initial Beliefs on Judgments of Probability.Erica C. Yu & David A. Lagnado - 2012 - Frontiers in Psychology 3.
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  27.  10
    Redressing the emperor in causal clothing.Victor J. Btesh, Neil R. Bramley & David A. Lagnado - 2022 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 45:e188.
    Over-flexibility in the definition of Friston blankets obscures a key distinction between observational and interventional inference. The latter requires cognizers form not just a causal representation of the world but also of their own boundary and relationship with it, in order to diagnose the consequences of their actions. We suggest this locates the blanket in the eye of the beholder.
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  28.  53
    A causal framework for integrating learning and reasoning.David A. Lagnado - 2009 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 32 (2):211-212.
    Can the phenomena of associative learning be replaced wholesale by a propositional reasoning system? Mitchell et al. make a strong case against an automatic, unconscious, and encapsulated associative system. However, their propositional account fails to distinguish inferences based on actions from those based on observation. Causal Bayes networks remedy this shortcoming, and also provide an overarching framework for both learning and reasoning. On this account, causal representations are primary, but associative learning processes are not excluded a priori.
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  29.  37
    Dual concerns with the dualist approach.David A. Lagnado & David R. Shanks - 2007 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 30 (3):271-272.
    Barbey & Sloman attribute all instances of normative base-rate usage to a rule-based system, and all instances of neglect to an associative system. As it stands, this argument is too simplistic, and indeed fails to explain either good or bad performance on the classic Medical Diagnosis problem.
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  30.  46
    Perspectives on Daniel Kahneman.David A. Lagnado - 2007 - Thinking and Reasoning 13 (1):1 – 4.
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  31.  16
    Motive on the mind: Explanatory preferences at multiple stages of the legal-investigative process.Alice Liefgreen, Sami R. Yousif, Frank C. Keil & David A. Lagnado - 2021 - Cognition 217 (C):104892.
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  32.  34
    Dynamics of decision-making: from evidence accumulation to preference and belief.Marius Usher, Konstantinos Tsetsos, Erica C. Yu & David A. Lagnado - 2013 - Frontiers in Psychology 4.
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  33.  63
    Endowment effect despite the odds.Lukasz Walasek, Erica C. Yu & David A. Lagnado - 2018 - Thinking and Reasoning 24 (1):79-96.
    Can ownership status influence probability judgements under condition of uncertainty? In three experiments, we presented our participants with a recording of a real horse race. We endowed half of our sample with a wager on a single horse to win the race, and the other half with money to spend to acquire the same wager. Across three large studies, we found the endowment effect – owners demanded significantly more for the wager than buyers were willing to pay to acquire it. (...)
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