Values, history and criticism of Thai literature.

We examine the relation between earnings information content and the use of trust words, such as “character,” “ethics,” and “honest,” in the MD&A section of 10-K. We find that earnings announcements of firms using trust words have lower information content than earnings announcements of firms that do not use trust words. We also find that the value relevance of earnings is lower for firms using trust words than those not using trust words. Further, firms using trust words are more likely (...) to receive a comment letter from the SEC, pay higher audit fees, and have lower corporate social responsibility scores. Overall, our results suggest that firms that use trust words in the 10-K are associated with negative outcomes, and trust words are an inverse measure of trust. (shrink)

Recent work on the mechanisms underlying auditory verbal hallucination (AVH) has been heavily informed by self-monitoring accounts that postulate defects in an internal monitoring mechanism as the basis of AVH. A more neglected alternative is an account focusing on defects in auditory processing, namely a spontaneous activation account of auditory activity underlying AVH. Science is often aided by putting theories in competition. Accordingly, a discussion that systematically contrasts the two models of AVH can generate sharper questions that will lead to (...) new avenues of investigation. In this paper, we provide such a theoretical discussion of the two models, drawing strong contrasts between them. We identify a set of challenges for the self-monitoring account and argue that the spontaneous activation account has much in favor of it and should be the default account. Our theoretical overview leads to new questions and issues regarding the explanation of AVH as a subjective phenomenon and its neural basis. Accordingly, we suggest a set of experimental strategies to dissect the underlying mechanisms of AVH in light of the two competing models. (shrink)

우리 사회는 전례 없는 고령화 시대에 접어들었다. 지속적으로 진행되는 노화는 여러 가지 부정적인 감정을 동반한다. 우리가 살아가는 인생의 각 시기는 누구나 자신에게는 처음의 시간이다. 나이가 든다고 저절로 지혜로워지는 것은 아니다. 나이가 들면 우리는 삶의 가장 본질적인 부분을 다루는 철학에 관심을 갖게 마련이다. 반면 우리 사회에서 노년기에 대한 논의는 복지 분야에 집중되어 있기에 보다 풍성한 철학적 담론이 요청된다. 본 논문은 노년이 삶을 예술작품으로 조형함으로써 자존감을 회복하는 길을 모색하고자 한다. 리쾨르에 따르면 자기존중은 곧 자기해석이다. 자존감은 자기가 해석할 수 있는 능력을 가졌으며 선한 (...) 삶을 목표로 심사숙고한 선택을 따를 줄 아는 존재라는 것을 인정할 때 얻어진다. 이는 자신이 선한 삶을 추구하며 살아가는 윤리적 주체임을 증명하는 일이다. 자기존중은 타자를 배려해야 얻을 수 있기에 타자로 말미암아 만들어지는 자기해석이다. 자기해석과 실천이 따를 때 연륜은 성숙과 확장의 능동적인 과정이 되어 예술로서의 삶을 조형하게 될 것이다. 노년은 많은 사회적 관계들보다는 진정성이 있는 소수의 관계에 집중해야 할 때이다. 친애에 대한 해석학적 고찰은 노년담론에서 시사하는 바가 크다. 본고는 리쾨르의 자기성 형성에 있어서 자기존중과 타자배려의 과정에서 드러나는 조화와 새로움의 생성, 신뢰를 지키는 일관성의 맥락이 실존미학으로 귀결될 수 있음을 증명함으로써 노년에게 예술로서의 삶을 제시하고자 한다. (shrink)

In this article, it is argued that the reason why Korean women’s theology could not be systematically established lies in the deeply rooted misogyny in society and church. Thus, the issue of misogyny was considered from the perspective of womanism in terms of the performative language that carries out misogyny. This was designed to find a way to overcome the problem of misogyny in society. The socialisation and practice of misogyny becomes effective through language, which creates social values and systemic (...) institutions, thus creating a language-society. Therefore, this article proposes to look at misogyny, which is the basis of discrimination against women, in terms of the performative language. In addition, methods to overcome the problem of misogyny and to establish a constructive theology of women are presented through the performative language.Contribution: A study on ‘misogyny-language’, a mechanism of discrimination and oppression against women, reveals that social structures, systems and institutions are the result of the performative language and will help to overcome the problem of misogyny. In addition, it will contribute to the promotion of women’s theology and women’s rights around the world. (shrink)

Der glänzende Siegeszug der spekulativen Dialektik Hegels kann darüber hinwegtäuschen, dass seine Behandlung der modernen Tragödie auf eine völlig neue und eigenständige Dimension verweist. Hegel hat seine systematische Philosophie entwickelt, um die durch die klassische Tragödie aufgeworfene Problematik zu überwinden. Jedoch ist seine nachtragische Philosophie nicht in der Lage, die moderne Tragödie zu begreifen. Dies ist nicht darauf zurückzuführen, dass das vernünftige Selbstbewusstsein in einem aporetischen Widerspruch befangen ist, da dieser Widerspruch, der in der klassischen Tragödie ausgedrückt ist, durch Hegels (...) spekulative Dialektik "aufgehoben" wird. Vielmehr liegt der Grund darin, dass das, was durch diese systematisierende Dialektik nicht immanent wird, keine adäquate Form findet. (shrink)

플라톤과 아리스토텔레스로 대표되는 희랍철학 사상 에 관한 17인의 공동논문집.

Richard Scheines, Gaea Leinhardt, Joel Smith, and Kwangsu Cho. Teaching and Learning with Online Courses.

한국 인문학의 새 지형도, 자음과모음 하이브리드 총서 자음과모음은 지난 12월에 정통 학술 총서 ‘새로운 사유의 힘, 뉴아카이브 총서’를 선보인데 이어 올 3월에 한국 인문학의 새 지형을 그려나갈 ‘하이브리드 총서’를 펴낸다. 국내 학자들의 집필서만으로 구성되는 이 총서는 “경계 간 글쓰기, 분과 간 학문하기, 한국 인문학의 새 지형도”라는 캐치프레이즈 아래 ‘통섭’의 학문하기가 한국의 환경에서 어떻게 구현되는지를 보여주는 매우 주목할 만한 사례가 될 것이다. 이 총서로 펴내는 책들은 지난 2~3년간 계간 문예지 『자음과모음』의 ‘스펙트라’, ‘하이브리드’ 꼭지를 통해 연재된 인문, 사회, 과학, 예술 제 분야의 (...) 원고를 대상으로 하는데, 총서 발간을 계기로 일정한 퇴고 기간을 거쳐 좀 더 핍진한 주제의식과 매력적인 문체로 짜임새 있게 가다듬었다. 국내 학자들의 야심 찬 학문적 실험과 매력적인 글쓰기가 한데 어우러진, 국내에서 자체로 생산되는 보기 드문 총서가 아닐 수 없다. 하이브리드 총서 1차분은 문학평론가이자 작곡가인 최정우의 『사유의 악보―이론의 교배와 창궐을 위한 불협화음의 비평들』, 디자인 연구자 박해천의 『콘크리트 유토피아』, 여성학자 권김현영 외 5인의 『남성성과 젠더』 총 3권이다. 음악, 문학, 철학, 미학, 정치학, 심리학, 신학, 윤리학 등 다방면의 이론을 교배시키며 현란하면서도 핍진한 사유의 장을 펼쳐 보이는 최정우, ‘아파트’라는 프레임을 통해 한국의 세대론과 시각문화를 통찰하는 박해천, 남성성이라는 주제 아래 젠더론의 새 논법을 제시하는 권김현영 외 5인 등, 익숙한 대상들을 낯선 시각과 실험적인 방법론을 통해 새롭게 조명해낸 이들의 탐구는 작금의 인문학도들에게 참조해야 할 중요한 판본이 될 것이다. 향후 이택광, 이현우, 박원익, 정여울 등의 근간도 준비 중이다. 한국 이론계에 출현한 새로운 ‘사유’의 가능성: 13개의 악장과 8개의 변주로 이루어진 사유의 악보 하이브리드 총서 첫 번째 책, 최정우의 『사유의 악보―이론의 교배와 창궐을 위한 불협화음의 비평들』은 오늘날의 사유와 사태를 규정한 근대의 이론과 작품 들을 교차하고 병치하고 혼합함으로써 근대와 근대 이후, 그리고 그 이후를 사유하는 비평에세이로, 작곡가이자 비평가인 저자가 지난 10년간 써온 글들을 다듬어 엮었다. 번역, 평론, 음악, 연극 등 다양한 분야에서 활동하고 있는 저자는 음악, 문학, 철학, 미학, 정치학, 심리학, 신학, 윤리학 등 예술?인문학 분야의 다양한 작품과 담론들을 독특한 방식으로 ‘접붙이는’ 비평 방식을 통해 경계의 경계되는 지점을 질문하고 새로운 사유, 새로운 글쓰기의 가능성을 찾는다. 이 책은 저자가 2000년부터 2010년까지 다양한 지면을 통해 썼던 글들과 미발표한 글들을 모은 것으로 1990년대 소위 ‘포스트모더니즘’의 철학이 풍미하고 그 이식의 행위들이 횡행했던 한국의 이론적이고 실제적인 풍경 속에서 쓰였다. 하나의 서곡과 하나의 종곡, 그리고 13개의 악장들과 8개의 변주곡들로 구성되어 있는 이 글들은 음악, 문학 등의 작품 비평에서 이론, 철학, 미학에 이르는 메타비평, 정치학과 심리학 등의 철학이론, 자서전 읽기, 좌담 등에 이르기까지 각각이 다양하고 고유한 사유의 작업들로서 편의상 분류한 위와 같은 이름들로 포섭하기 어렵다는 특징을 갖는다. 악장과 변주곡들로 비유된 이 글들은 서로 다른 분과의 학문과 대상들 간의 낯선 결합으로 이루어져 있다. 이 혼종의 사유, 하이브리드적 시도는 저자의 약력에서 예감되듯 체질적인 것인 동시에, 그 자체로 단순한 치환이 갖는 폭력에 대한 저자의 ‘문제의식’으로, 즉 의도라고도 할 수 있다. 새로운 사유와 글쓰기를 위한, 나아가 새로운 이론을 형성하기 위한 위험한 ‘감행’이다. 새로운 전시를 알리는 불친절한 책의 도발: 질문 없는 세대에게 던져진 몇 개의 아포리아 저자는 이 책에서 다양한 사태와 사례로써 근대와 탈근대를 조망하지만 단지 그것이 무엇인지 규명하는 데서 멈추지 않고 그 이후를 사유해야 한다고 종용한다. 언어와 이미지가 범람하는 이 시대의 우울과 불안, 그리고 무엇보다 무감각을 이유로 들면서 저자는 다시 이론과 사유가 가동되어야 할 필요성을 절박하게 외친다. 우리가 인간이기 때문에, 혹은 인문학이 위기인 시대에 살고 있기 때문에 사유해야 하는 것이 아니라, 오히려 그러한 강요된 이데올로기에서 새롭게 사유해야 할 근거를 찾는 것이다. 따라서 저자는 ‘시대’ 혹은 ‘세대’라고 하는 구성된 집단적 주체와 인위적 시공간에 대해 도발적 질문을 던진다, 그것들을 전복하기 위해. 이데올로기가 바로 그 이데올로기에 대한 해명과 폭로로써만은 결코 사라지지 않는 것과 마찬가지로, 우리 시대 혹은 세대가 지닌 불안과 우울에 대한 깊은 무감각은 그것의 직접적 원인으로 생각되는 것들을 파악하고 제시한다고 해서 절대 깨지거나 사라지지 않는다. 저자는 그래서 이러한 사태를 극단으로 가져간다. 저자는 이 책이 ‘확신을 가진 이들만을 위한 것’이라고 확신을 가지고 말한다. 이 책은 ‘설득’에 대한 믿음과 ‘절멸’에 대한 의지를 양극단에 대립항으로 위치시키는 철학적이고 실천적인 어떤 극단의 선택이라는 문제를 제출한다. ‘윤리인가 불가능성인가, 미학인가 정치학인가, 자기인가 타자인가, 번역인가 오역인가, 유물론인가 유신론인가, 동지인가 적인가, 시인가 소설인가, 정주인가 횡단인가, 합의인가 파국인가, 쇠렌 키르케고르의 어법을 차용해 이것인가 저것인가.’ 이러한 선택의 문제란 오히려 어떤 ‘선택 불가능성’에 대한 이론의 ‘가능성’을 열어젖힌다. 절멸의 가능성 혹은 불가능성을 사유하고 그 이전과 이후를 사유할 것을 역설하는 이 책의 글들은 이론 이후를 사유하고, 사유 이후를 실천하며, 실천 이후를 이론화하는, 오늘날 혁명을 사유하는 이론적 실험이다. 불친절한 의도를 가지고 쓰인 이 책은 ‘이론’의 증폭과 심화, ‘혁명’을 위한 친절한 ‘매뉴얼’인 것이다. (shrink)

This volume, an assemblage of essays previously published in the Journal of Chinese Philosophy, conveniently and strategically brings together some of the trenchant interpretations and analyses of the salient, structural aspects of the philosophy of the Yijing. They reveal how the ancient Classic offers a graphically vivid and conceptually dynamic dramaturgy of the ways in which the natural world works in conjunction with the human one. Its cosmological architectonics and philosophical worldview continue to have enormous purchase on our current imagination, (...) even though readerly imperatives and responses have rendered this classic into a text of multiple significances, catering to pluralistic readerships and clienteles. Nonetheless, the essays in this volume lay bare some of the original authorly visions and insights of the Yijing, clearly showing that their apparent truthfulness to our cosmic and human conditions inspire philosophical and even theological questions. The Yijing's authorial designs of the eight trigrams and hexagrams, which encapsulate the primordial state of homo-cosmic phenomena and situations, together with the yin-yang forces and the dao, are taken for granted as integers in a grand universal equation, factored out to represent a ceaselessly changing cosmos in which heaven, earth and humanity commingle, such that the whole and unity can be found in the individual and the opposite, and vice versa. (shrink)

¿This splendid volume is a fitting tribute to the remarkable range of rich and revealing contributions Professor Cheng Chung-ying has made to our understanding of Chinese and comparative philosophy and constructive philosophy from a global perspective.¿ ¿Philip J. Ivanhoe, City University of Hong Kong.

Evolutionary psychologists have suggested that confidence and conservatism promoted aggression in our ancestral past, and that this may have been an adaptive strategy given the prevailing costs and benefits of conflict. However, in modern environments, where the costs and benefits of conflict can be very different owing to the involvement of mass armies, sophisticated technology, and remote leadership, evolved tendencies toward high levels of confidence and conservatism may continue to be a contributory cause of aggression despite leading to greater costs (...) and fewer benefits. The purpose of this paper is to test whether confidence and conservatism are indeed associated with greater levels of aggression—in an explicitly political domain. We present the results of an experiment examining people’s levels of aggression in response to hypothetical international crises (a hostage crisis, a counter-insurgency campaign, and a coup). Levels of aggression (which range from concession to negotiation to military attack) were significantly predicted by subjects’ (1) confidence that their chosen policy would succeed, (2) score on a liberal-conservative scale, (3) political party affiliation, and (4) preference for the use of military force in real-world U.S. policy toward Iraq and Iran. We discuss the possible adaptive and maladaptive implications of confidence and conservatism for the prospects of war and peace in the modern world. (shrink)

ObjectivesThis study examined the association between childhood adversity and cognitive impairment in later life and explored the potential moderation effect of gender and race.MethodsThe study sample included 15,133 participants of the Health and Retirement Study who had complete data on key study measures and were more than 50. The outcome variable is a dichotomous indicator of cognitive impairment as assessed by the Telephone Interview for Cognitive Status for self-respondents and the 16-item Informant Questionnaire on Cognitive Decline in the Elderly for (...) proxies. A total of six childhood adversity indicators included grade retention, parental substance abuse, physical abuse, trouble with the police, moving due to financial hardship, and receipt of help due to financial hardship in early life. The estimation of the association between childhood adversity and cognitive impairment involved Cox proportional hazards regression. Results: Grade retention had the largest effect on incident cognitive impairment, followed by physical abuse by a parent. The impact of grade retention was more detrimental to women than men. Parental substance abuse was associated with a lower risk of incident cognitive impairment for most racial groups, but this association was reversed in “non-Hispanic other” race, consisting mainly of Asians.DiscussionSome aspects of childhood adversity continue to harm cognitive functioning in later life, while some events may have the opposite effect, with evidence of heterogeneity across gender and race. (shrink)

BackgroundThe COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted prosocial behavior as a professional healthcare core competency. Although medical students are expected to work in the best interests of their patients, in the pandemic context, there is a greater need for ethical attention to be paid to the way medical students deal with moral dilemmas that may conflict with their obligations.MethodsThis study was conducted in the spring semester of 2019 on 271 students majoring in health professions: medicine, dentistry, and veterinary medicine. All participants provided (...) informed consent and completed measures that assessed utilitarian moral views, cognitive reflections, cognitive reappraisal, and moral judgment.ResultsThe healthcare-affiliated students who scored higher on the instrumental harm subscale in the measurement of utilitarian moral views were more likely to endorse not only other-sacrificial actions but also self-sacrificial ones for the greater good in moral dilemma scenarios. In particular, those engaged in deliberative processes tended to make more self-sacrificial judgments. The mediation analysis also revealed that the effect of deliberative processes on self-sacrificial judgments was mediated by cognitive reappraisal.ConclusionsThese findings suggested that cognitive reappraisal through deliberative processes is involved when the students with utilitarian inclination make prosocial decisions, that it is necessary to consider both moral views and emotional regulation when admitting candidates, and that moral education programs are needed in the healthcare field. (shrink)

Syntactic priming in language production is the increased likelihood of using a recently encountered syntactic structure. In this paper, we examine two theories of why speakers can be primed: error‐driven learning accounts (Bock, Dell, Chang, & Onishi, 2007; Chang, Dell, & Bock, 2006) and activation‐based accounts (Pickering & Branigan, 1999; Reitter, Keller, & Moore, 2011). Both theories predict that speakers should be primed by the syntactic choices of others, but only activation‐based accounts predict that speakers should be able to prime (...) themselves. Here we test whether speakers can be primed by their own productions in three behavioral experiments and find evidence of structural persistence following both comprehension and speakers’ own productions. We also find that comprehension‐based priming effects are larger for rarer syntactic structures than for more common ones, which is most consistent with error‐driven accounts. Because neither error‐driven accounts nor activation‐based accounts fully explain the data, we propose a hybrid model. (shrink)

ABSTRACTJust as accountability policies have led to increased levels of teacher data use, teachers have begun to increase the extent to which students track and analyse data about their own learnin...

Dr. McGee presents a cogent argument for the patentability of the diagnosis of gene forms that are found to be associated with disease or other phenotypic manifestations. We're convinced he's wrong. An analogy will help explain why.

An idée maîtresse of the New Script (jinwen 今文) commentarial tradition is the notion of Kongzi as the “uncrowned king” (suwang 素王). Detractors of this commentarial tradition, which is based on the Qing Gongyang Commentary (Gongyang zhuan 公羊傳), customarily accuse its practitioners and proponents of doing unconscionable things to the classical texts. This chapter examines the deep exegesis of the jinwen commentarial tradition that revolves around the principal assertion that Kongzi, by rights, should have been the ruler, were it not (...) for inauspicious political circumstances. In order to understand the New Script originary image of Kongzi as the uncrowned king who was preoccupied with and excelled in statecraft, it presents a synthetic view of the main Gongyang discursive notions and contents, which can most systematically be found in He Xiu's 何休 (129‐182 ce) systematic description of the some categories (sanke 三科) and some points (jiuzhi 九旨) of Gongyang thinking. (shrink)

This paper offers a critical survey and analysis of empirical studies on creativity, with emphasis on how imagination plays a role in the creative process. It takes as a foil the romantic view that, given features like novelty, incubation, and insight, we should be skeptical about the prospects for naturalistic explanation of creativity. It rebuts this skepticism by first distinguishing stages or operations in the creative process. It then works through various behavioral and neural studies, and corresponding philosophical theorizing, that (...) concern the preparation, generation, insight, and evaluation stages of creative processes. The result is not a complete explanation of creativity, but it identifies an explanatory path towards such an explanation, including the features of creativity that motivate that skepticism. (shrink)

Computer programs are generating artworks of astonishing novelty and aesthetic value. By the standard definition of creativity, these programs would count as being creative. But if you still hesitate to call a program creative, that's for good reason, we argue. It's because real creativity requires AGENTS who are responsible for what they make, and it's not at all clear that these programs are agents. -/- (The title was imposed by the editor. It was supposed to be called, "ARE COMPUTERS CREATIVE?").

어떤 만남은 운명이다! 조선시대 전방위 지식인 다산 정약용, 그의 가르침을 따라 평생을 산 단 한 사람, 황상 "부지런하고 부지런하고 부지런하라" "학생은 있지만 제자는 없다"는 탄식의 소리가 높아지고 있다. 존경과 사랑이라는 단어가 무색하게 진정한 스승도 진정한 제자도 드문 요즈음이다. 정민 교수에 의해 200년 전 다산 정약용과 그의 제자 황상 사이에 이어진 도탑고 신실한 사제 간의 정리가 울림이 커다란 의미로 되살아난다.

This chapter argues that we are irremediably ignorant about the identities of the fundamental properties that figure in the actual realization of the true final theory. Of the three published responses to Lewis’s work, each argues that even if Lewis’s metaphysical assumption, the thesis known as “quidditism,” is accepted, we need not accept his epistemic conclusion, the thesis of Humility. The aim of this chapter is to defend Lewis against these critics. Ann Whittle attempts to refute Humility by an appeal (...) to a more lenient account of identification. Following is a defense of Lewis carried by showing that his taxing account of identification is a perfectly good account of at least one perfectly legitimate sense of identification. (shrink)

The Socratic Turn addresses the question of whether we can acquire genuine knowledge of good and evil, right and wrong. Reputedly, Socrates was the first philosopher to make the attempt. But Socrates was a materialistic natural scientist in his youth, and it was only much later in life--after he had rejected materialistic natural science--that he finally turned, around the age of forty, to the examination of ordinary moral and political opinions, or to moral-political philosophy so understood. Through a consideration of (...) Plato's account of Socrates' intellectual development, and with a view to relevant works of the pre-Socratics, Xenophon, Aristotle, Hesiod, Homer, and Aristophanes, Dustin Sebell reproduces the course of thought that carried Socrates from materialistic natural science to moral-political philosophy. By doing so, he seeks to recover an all but forgotten approach to the question of justice, one still worthy of being called scientific.--Book jacket. (shrink)