Lucan's account of Caesar crossing the Rubicon is dense with metapoetic allusion. Although the river has been specified as a small stream at Caesar's arrival, it becomes swollen, tumidus, as soon as Caesar ‘breaks the delay of war’ and ‘carries his standards in haste over the [now] swollen river’. This has been pinpointed both as a metapoetic signpost of Lucan's engagement with the anti-Callimachean swollen river of grandiose epic at the outbreak of Civil War, and as a programmatic statement that (...) the whole Bellum Ciuile will set up a series of contrasts between Caesar's urgency in crossing boundaries and Lucan's narrative obstructions to or compliances with Caesar's progress. In fact, as Jamie Masters notes, ‘in spite of the “undoing of delay,” the perfect “tulit” and the adverb “propere,” Caesar has not crossed the river yet; or if he has, he must do it again’, precisely at 1.213–22. Within this densely self-reflexive passage, Lucan inserts a palindromic acrostic which signals both the doubling of Caesar's action and Lucan's poetic representation of Caesar taming the forces of nature. (shrink)

resumo Este artigo defende que, na Investigação sobre os princípios da teologia natural e da Moral, o conceito de “sentido interno” é central à reflexão kantiana sobre a matemática. Ele não deve ser entendido em sua acepção crítica, mas corresponde antes àquela derivada de Locke, pelo intermédio de Crusius, e se resume a uma reflexão mental sobre figuras e conceitos matemáticos. Ao incluir no sentido interno a dimensão simbólica do conhecimento matemático, Kant podia ainda ignorar um dos problemas centrais de (...) sua reflexão madura sobre a matemática, a saber, como a inspeção de objetos matemáticos particulares permite formular provas e leis de caráter universal. Isto acentua diferenças, muitas vezes ignoradas, entre a filosofia da matemática crítica e pré-crítica. palavras-chave Kant – Filosofia da Matemática – Sentido interno – Período pré-crítico. (shrink)

El interés del debate es poner al descubierto los límites inmanentes de la civilización liberal como fuente de ideas para la filosofía moral. El derrumbe del socialismo pareció darle la razón al liberalismo, no obstante la crítica continuó, desde su propio terreno, por parte de los comunitaristas. Éstos le critican sus efectos de desintegración social y de encubrimiento ideológico para la cruda realidad que le toca vivir al individuo en la sociedad de mercado. Tres son los puntos criticados: el individualismo, (...) el formalismo moral, y la indiferencia ante el arraigo comunitario de la vida humana. Sin embargo el liberalismo tiene un punto fuerte: hace más viable la búsqueda de formas de relación humana transnacionales e interculturales, donde el reconocimiento recíproco resulta más equitativo, pues salva al estado democrático de derecho sin sacrificar el pluralismo cultural. (shrink)

RESUMEN Los conflictos interculturales de diverso tipo, prácticos y teóricos, que se aprecian en la escena internacional han vuelto a poner sobre el tapete la vieja disputa entre la razón y la fe. En el presente artículo se analiza la interpretación que, en ese marco, Jürgen Habermas ha hecho del atentado contra las Torres Gemelas, evocando una obra temprana de Hegel. La vinculación entre ambas aproximaciones permite esclarecer el trasfondo filosófico de la disputa. ABSTRACT The different types of practical and (...) theoretical intercultural conflicts that are observable on the international scene have once again brought up the old dispute between faith and reason. The article analyzes Jürgen Habermas' interpretation of the 9/11 attack on the Twin Towers, which evokes one of Hegel's early works. The connection between the two approaches makes it possible to clarify the background to the dispute. RESUMO Os conflitos interculturais de diversos tipos, práticos e teóricos, que se consideram na cena internacional, voltam a trazer em discussão a velha disputa entre a razão e a fé. Neste artigo, analisa-se a interpretação que, nesse contexto, Jürgen Habermas fez do atentado contra as Torres Gêmeas evocando uma obra das iniciais de Hegel. A vinculação entre ambas as aproximações permite esclarecer o transfundo filosófico da disputa. (shrink)

Hegel es uno de los primeros filósofos podemos que toma distancia frente al sentimiento triunfalista de su época, pero sin desconocer la originalidad de las nuevas formas de pensamiento e innovación política. A su filosofía debemos una caracterización conceptual de la modernidad en su conjunto gracias a la conciencia histórica con que ésta es juzgada. Lo propio y esencial de los tiempos modernos es, para Hegel, el principio de la subjetividad". El trabajo se divide en dos partes: primeramente, la concepción (...) de Hegel es interpretada como una toma de posición ante el debate contemporáneo representado por la querelle des antens el des modernes. A continuación, se intenta mostrar que esta actitud teórica ante modernidad constituye el hilo conductor toda la obra de Hegel. (shrink)

The Istituto e Museo di Storia della Scienza, Florence, Italy, possesses an astrolabe with five latitude plates that is now attributed to the Duisburg workshop of Gerard Mercator. Although it is known that Mercator made instruments, this is the first surviving example to be identified. Another latitude plate is shown to come from the workshop of the Florentine, Giovan Battista Giusti. A seventh plate, possibly engraved by Rumold Mercator, provides the only known Mercatorian polar stereographic projection. The role of (...) Egnazio Danti, cosmographer to the Grand Duke of Tuscany, in the acquisition of the astrolabe in about 1570 is considered. (shrink)

Il saggio si propone di mostrare come dalla Repubblica di Platone emerga un progetto di felicità “relazionale”, basato cioè sulla buona qualità delle relazioni sociali e sulla consonanza armonica tra equilibrio interiore e valori civili. L’idea-guida è che la logica costruttiva della kallipolis rappresenti anche il superamento di una certa immagine socratica, legata all’autosufficienza della virtù e ad una prospettiva di felicità più eroica e solitaria.The essays wants to show how from Plato’s Republic emerges a project of a “relation-based” happiness, (...) which is based on the good quality of social relationships and the harmonious consonance between inner balance and social values. The key idea is that the constructive logic of the kallipolis also represents the overcoming of a certain Socratic image, linked to the self-sufficiency of virtue and to a perspective of happiness more heroic and solitary. (shrink)

El día 26 de octubre de 2006, en la ciudad de Salvador de Bahia, Brasil, la Sociedad Interamericana de Filosofía organizó un Homenaje Académico en memoria de Eduardo Rabossi. El Homenaje se llevó a cabo en el marco del XII Encuentro Nacional de Filosofía del Brasil, organizado por la Associação Nacional de Pós-graduação em Filosofi a (ANPOF), con ocasión del cual tuvo lugar igualmente una Asamblea Extraordinaria de la Sociedad. Los textos que incluimos a continuación fueron leídos en dicho Homenaje.

The aim of this paper is to explore how children learn to form new relationships with nature. It draws on a longitudinal case study of children participating in a stewardship project involving the conservation of salamanders during the school day in Stockholm, Sweden. The qualitative method includes two waves of data collection: when a group of 10-year-old children participated in the project (2015) and two years after they participated (2017). We conducted 49 interviews with children as well as using participant (...) observations and questionnaires. We found indications that children developed sympathy for salamanders and increased concern and care for nature, and that such relationships persisted two years after participation. Our rich qualitative data suggest that whole situations of sufficient unpredictability triggering free exploration of the area, direct sensory contact and significant experiences of interacting with a species were important for children’s development of affective relationships with the salamander species and with nature in an open-ended sense. Saving the lives of trapped animals enabled direct sensory interaction, feedback, increased understanding, and development of new skills for dynamically exploring further ways of saving species in an interactive process experienced as deeply meaningful, enjoyable and connecting. The behavioural setting instilled a sense of pride and commitment, and the high degree of responsibility given to the children while exploring the habitat during authentic situations enriched children’s enjoyment. The study has implications for the design of education programmes that aim to connect children with nature and for a child-sensitive urban policy that supports authentic nature situations in close spatial proximity to preschools and schools. (shrink)

Resumen: El presente ensayo contiene dos partes. En la primera se hace una breve descripción de las carencias de la reflexión moral a las que parece venir al encuentro el concepto de reconocimiento. Charles Taylor y Axel Honneth, protagonistas en estos debates, dan buenas razones para dirigir la dis..

Despite the bad reputation that Hegel’s thought has always enjoyed regarding the respect for individual rights, his conception of freedom has shown an unexpected and permanent relevance. I think this is due to the level of complexity with which Hegel explains the problem of freedom. This paper will develop Hegel’s thesis, according to which freedom is conceived simultaneously as a set and a process of determinations of the will. To illustrate the thesis, I will use two concrete examples. First, in (...) order to show the objective structure of the determinations of freedom, I will refer to the debate between communitarians and liberals in recent Ethics and Political Philosophy, trying to show why both positions refer in some way to a lower level of complexity than the one presented by Hegel. Then, with the aim of showing the current relevance of the notion of freedom as a progressive experience of the acquisition of its own determinations, I will take as an example the interpretation offered by Axel Honneth in his book Leiden an Unbestimmtheit. This way I hope to show the direct or indirect contribution of Hegel to the current debates concerning freedom. (shrink)

The Horizon Quantum Mechanics is an approach that allows one to analyse the gravitational radius of spherically symmetric systems and compute the probability that a given quantum state is a black hole. We first review the formalism and show how it reproduces a gravitationally inspired GUP relation. This results leads to unacceptably large fluctuations in the horizon size of astrophysical black holes if one insists in describing them as central singularities. On the other hand, if they are extended systems, like (...) in the corpuscular models, no such issue arises and one can in fact extend the formalism to include asymptotic mass and angular momentum with the harmonic model of rotating corpuscular black holes. The Horizon Quantum Mechanics then shows that, in simple configurations, the appearance of the inner horizon is suppressed and extremal geometries seem disfavoured. (shrink)

En su última obra, Political Liberulism, John Rawls modifica el estatuto epistemológico de su teoría de la justicia, de forma tal que ésta ha de considerarse ahora como una teoría política y ya no como una teoría moral O metafísica. El giro se lleva a cabo con la finalidad de asegurar la «estahilidad » de la teoria, es decir, su capacidad de generar un overiapping consensos con todas las doctrinas morales actualmente en conflicto. El tema de nuestro trabajo es el (...) análisis del rol central que ahora desempeña en la teoría este overlapping consensos. De él habla Rawls como una meta por alcanzar, cuando la teoría entra en contacto con las doctrinas rivales; se puede decir, en tal sentido, que andamos tras el consenso. Pero este consenso perseguido reposa, en realidad -ésta es nuestra tesis-, sobre un acuerdo o consenso previo, cuya validez debe ser asumida por la teoría en el nuevo marco epistemológico; el consenso nos precede, nos hallamos tras él. El análisis de esta ambivalencia del overlapping consensos permite mostrar las debilidades epistcmólogicas del giro anunciado por Rawls. (shrink)

“Can Hegel's Philosophy of Right do without the Science of Logic ?”. The question posed by this paper’s title refers to the attempts of some contemporary authors, amongst them Axel Honneth, to update the central theses of Hegel’s Philosophy of Right , though precisely (and deliberately) doing so without its alleged dependence on the Science of Logic . On account of several methodological and hermeneutical reasons, it is not easy to answer this question. It is well known that Hegel emphatically (...) asserts that both works and philosophical projects depend on each other, but there is no consensus amongst specialists on how much the Logic actually influences the Philosophy of Right and in what way it does so. On the other hand, clearly any social philosophy needs a logical theory in a broad sense, whether it may be Hegelian or not. This is even more so if the aim is to update the Hegelian construction implicit in the notion of freedom. In any case, the discussion seems to bring forth the paradox of asserting both the current relevance and the obsolescence of the Hegelian notion of freedom. (shrink)