À l'occasion du cinquantième anniversaire de l'accession des Françaises aux droits politiques, l'Association Les femmes et la ville (présidente Yvonne Knibiehler, Université de Provence) et le Groupe interdisciplinaire d'études sur les femmes (présidente Eliane Gubin, Université libre de Bruxelles) ont pris l'initiative d'organiser conjointement des recherches consacrées aux rapports des femmes et de la politique. À Lyon Michèle Bacot et Marie-Claude Plantin (IEP), Mireille Meyer et Fr...

À l'occasion du cinquantième anniversaire de l'accession des Françaises aux droits politiques, l'Association Les femmes et la ville (présidente Yvonne Knibiehler, Université de Provence) et le Groupe interdisciplinaire d'études sur les femmes (présidente Eliane Gubin, Université libre de Bruxelles) ont pris l'initiative d'organiser conjointement des recherches consacrées aux rapports des femmes et de la politique. À Lyon Michèle Bacot et Marie-Claude Plantin (IEP), Mireille Meyer et Fr...

Violence is often understood as a phenomenon characterized by direct physical harm customarily motivated by willful malice. In his 2017 World Day of Peace Message, Pope Francis challenges this narrow definition, noting that violence is not confined to physical harm but also includes environmental devastation, which, as he points out, disproportionately harms the most vulnerable members of the planet. Following this claim, this article probes the interrelationship between care for creation, nonviolence, and racial justice, highlighting the significance of this intersectionality (...) within Catholic social teaching. It reflects on Francis’s reading of Gospel nonviolence and his notion of integral ecology, and concludes with a case study that demonstrates the practical application of Francis’s social teachings on creating a more just, nonviolent, and sustainable world. (shrink)

O texto aborda a relação da educação escolar e o catolicismo no espaço rural, especialmente, no rio Mapuá, no município de Breves, arquipélago de Marajó, estado do Pará. Tem-se por objetivo identificar a presença do catolicismo na escola do campo e a relação com a formação dos alunos ribeirinhos. Especificamente, a perspectiva é discutir a influência dos rituais religiosos e artefatos sagrados no processo educativo e na cultura escolar do campo. É uma investigação de natureza qualitativa, fundamentada na incursão bibliográfica (...) e pesquisa de campo, cujos dados empíricos foram coletados por meio de observações etnográficas, entrevistas semiestruturadas e fotografias. Em termos teóricos o estudo busca amparo em escritos de autores do campo da Antropologia, Ciência da Religião e da Educação, tendo como recorte o ensino religioso. Os resultados indicam que a educação escolar e o catolicismo no rio Mapuá entrelaçam-se por meio de rituais e artefatos sagrados que narram saberes, tradições, afetos, significados e simbologias que na percepção dos depoentes ajudam a forjar a formação escolar dos sujeitos e, por conseguinte, à cultura escolar. (shrink)

O trabalho elabora uma comparação entre os pensamentos de Karl Marx e Martin Heidegger no que tange à questão do útil. Em seguida propõe uma reflexão sobre como as diferenças entre os dois filósofos neste tema implica em distintos posicionamentos em relação à obra de arte. O objetivo do trabalho é apontar pontos de convergência e divergência entre os pensamentos destes filósofos em relação aos temas propostos.

De modo semelhante aos rompantes etnocêntricos de uma cultura humana frente a outras, as relações entre humanos e primatas não humanos incluem um estranhamento pontuado por atração e repulsa, identificação e diferença. Ciência, arte e mitologia são a expressão viva e atualizada disso. Desde 1960, a primatologia destaca-se nesse cenário por contribuir significativamente na revisão das definições sobre o comportamento dos primatas e, consequentemente, na redefinição do humano ao apresentar a polêmica proposição de existência de "culturas" entre animais não humanos. (...) Assim, a aproximação entre humanos e primatas não humanos parece inexorável e irreversível. Isso implica, por exemplo, em cogitar se esse processo engendra, ou não, a constituição de novas alteridades a partir de um novo outro (não humano), carregado de significados. Isso incluiria, por exemplo, a reformulação de representações e de categorias de classificação, bem como o aprofundamento do debate sobre os direitos dos animais não humanos. Ao dirigir tal tipo de desafio a situações de pesquisa antropológica deve-se ter aguda consciência de que o registro etnográfico das relações entre humanos e os outros primatas será uma construção empírica, perceptual e teórica. Dado o tipo particular de relação estabelecida entre humanos e outros primatas, pautada em um universo fronteiriço de incômodas semelhanças e diferenças, constituem-se aí coletivos híbridos em que o alcance e a profundidade das interações possíveis ainda são desconhecidos. The relations between humans and non-human primates resemble the ethnocentric reaction of one human culture in relation to others, and include an estrangement marked by attraction and rejection, identification and differentiation. Art, science and myths are the vivid and updated expression of these phenomena. Since the 1960's primatology stands out in that scenario for contributing significantly to the revision of the definitions about the behavior of primates and, consequently, for the redefinition of human beings, and for making the controversial proposal of the existence of non-human animal "cultures". Then, the close connection between humans and non-human primates seems relentless and irreversible - and raises the question on whether or not these processes engender a new kind of otherness deriving from a non-human other that is full of meaning. This would include, for example, the reformulation of the representations and categories of classification, as well as deepening the debate about the rights of non-human animals. When the challenge is taken up in situations of anthropological research that address the relationships between human beings and the other primates, the ethnographic register that describes the relations between human beings and other primates will be an equally sharp empirical, perceptual and theoretical construction. Given the peculiar type of relationship established between human beings and other primates, implemented in a frontier universe of uncomfortable similarities and differences, they constituted a hybrid collective where interactions are possible but we do not know exactly how complex or how depth they are. (shrink)

This classic, provocative introduction to classical metaphysical questions focuses on appreciating the problems, rather than attempting to proffer answers.

The Exchange of Words is a philosophical exploration of human testimony, specifically as a form of intersubjective understanding in which speakers communicate by making themselves accountable for the truth of what they say. This account weaves together themes from philosophy of language, moral psychology, action theory, and epistemology, for a new approach to this basic human phenomenon.

The paper argues for the centrality of believing the speaker (as distinct from believing the statement) in the epistemology of testimony, and develops a line of thought from Angus Ross which claims that in telling someone something, the kind of reason for belief that a speaker presents is of an essentially different kind from ordinary evidence. Investigating the nature of the audience's dependence on the speaker's free assurance leads to a discussion of Grice's formulation of non-natural meaning in an epistemological (...) light, concentrating on just how the recognition of the speaker's self-reflexive intention is supposed to count for his audience as a reason to believe P. This is understood as the speaker's explicitly assuming responsibility for the truth of his statement, and thereby constituting his utterance as a reason to believe. (shrink)

Este texto se ocupa de dos volúmenes de la obra de Heidegger: el curso sobre Parménides de 1942 y la recopilación De camino al habla de 1950-1959. El curso sobre Parménides trabaja los términos griegos mythos, logos y epos, y los determina como “los mismos” –lo que no precisamente corresponde a la identidad–. En sus diferencias mismas, remiten a la “palabra” (das Wort). Varios años después, la “palabra” es invocada en la triple denominación de Sprache, Wort y Sage que, en (...) sí mismos, no dependen de ninguna lógica de la identidad, sino más bien de una lógica de la “tautología”: la poesía misma. (shrink)

In this volume Rorty offers a Deweyan account of objectivity as intersubjectivity, one that drops claims about universal validity and instead focuses on utility for the purposes of a community. The sense in which the natural sciences are exemplary for inquiry is explicated in terms of the moral virtues of scientific communities rather than in terms of a special scientific method. The volume concludes with reflections on the relation of social democratic politics to philosophy.

Of recent time, there has been a concern about ethical leadership and ethics in business. Research on leadership did not pay a lot of attention to fairness and many authors have studied the relationship between leader fairness and factors such as outcome satisfaction and trust in leader for instance. For the moment, there is no study that focused on the direct relationship between transformational leadership and fairness. That’s why; in this paper our aim is to study the relationship between transformational (...) leadership and the employees’ perceptions of fairness, mainly the three types of fairness which are distributive, procedural, and interactional in French firms. A questionnaire survey was sent to employees working in the industry and service sectors. A sample of 100 respondents was collected. We found a partial relationship between employees’ perceptions of fairness and transformational leadership. More specifically, we found that procedural and interactional fairness are strongly associated with transformational leadership. (shrink)

Trata-se de um relato de experiência redigido após a provocação de um questionador que tomou como base de seu questionamento um fragmento do livro de Lerner, "Ler e escrever na escola: o real, o possivel e o necessário".

Resenha do livro de Dermeval Saviani, Escola e Democracia.

Richard Swinburne offers an original treatment of a question at the heart of epistemology: what makes a belief rational, or justified in holding? He maps the rival accounts of philosophers on epistemic justification ("internalist" and "externalist"), arguing that they are really accounts of different concepts. He distinguishes between synchronic justification (justification at a time) and diachronic justification (synchronic justification resulting from adequate investigation)--both internalist and externalist. He also argues that most kinds of justification are worth having because they are (...) indicative of truth; however, it is only justification of internalist kinds that can guide a believer's actions. Swinburne goes on to show the usefulness of the probability calculus in elucidating how empirical evidence makes beliefs probably true. (shrink)

Publication d'un miroir à boîte, provenant d'une tombe fortuitement découverte à Lamia en 1983. Le type du miroir et l'étude iconographique et comparative de la représentation en relief du couvercle se rapportant à une scène dionysiaque mettent en évidence son caractère attique, ainsi que sa datation aux environs du dernier quart du ive s. av. J.-C. Les éléments iconographiques analysés ici sont rapprochés de parallèles provenant tant de la sculpture et de la céramique que des terres cuites et des bronzes. (...) On constate que certains types et motifs de cette nouvelle représentation remontent à la dernière phase du ν s. av. J.-C, ce qui prouve, une fois encore, l'importance de l'influence du langage artistique de cette période sur les arts mineurs en général, et sur l'évolution de la toreutique en particulier. Ainsi sont mis en lumière des rapports étroits entre l'imagerie du ive s. avancé et celle des dernières décennies du ve s., phénomène qui va se poursuivre par la suite avec des variations. Les questions de la composition et de la signification de la scène sont brièvement traitées. (shrink)

Features of threatening cues and the associated context influence the perceived imminence of threat and the defensive responses evoked. To provide additional knowledge about how the directionality of a threat (i.e. directed-towards or away from the viewer) might impact defensive responses in humans, participants were shown pictures of a man carrying a gun (threat) or nonlethal object (neutral) directed-away from or towards the participant. Cardiac and electrodermal responses were collected. Compared to neutral images, threatening images depicting a gun directed-towards the (...) participant induced sustained bradycardia and an increased electrodermal response, interpreted as immobility under attack. This defensive immobility reaction is evoked by high perceived threat and inescapable situations and indicates intense action preparation. Pictures of guns directed-away from the participant induced shorter bradycardia and no significant modulation of the electrodermal response compared to neutral pictures, which might be consistent with the perception of a less threatening situation. The results show that the directionality of threat stimuli is a key factor that prompts different patterns of defensive responses. (shrink)

Elian Cuvillier Cet article propose une manière d’appréhender le langage apocalyptique propre à Jean de Patmos à travers l’analyse de deux types de données : temporelles et spatiales. Il montre sa fécondité herméneutique et ainsi sa potentielle actualité pour appréhender le temps et l’espace qui sont les nôtres. La lecture de l’Apocalypse ouvre l’espace et le temps d’une imagination créatrice qui se veulent résolument en écart de l’angoisse et de l’enfermement caractérisant à maints égards notre monde présent.

The Phaedo and the Symposium are dialogues in which Plato's conception of philosophy is not dissociated of orphic elements and mythical constructions. I propose that the themes of the pre-existence of the soul and the immortality of the soul in the Phaedo and myths told by Aristophanes and Diotima in the Symposium, examined together, provide rich material for understanding the nature and limits of knowledge and philosophy in Plato. I also suggest, before this interpretation, a reading of the "sudden vision (...) of beauty in itself," in Symposium 210e, which takes into account these limits. Knowledge is, from this reading, a dynamic search, much more than intuition of the forms. (shrink)

This paper explores some aspects of the relation between different ways of achieving a consensus on the judgemental values of a group of indviduals; in particular, aggregation and deliberation. We argue firstly that the framing of an aggregation problem itself generates information that individuals are rationally obliged to take into account. And secondly that outputs of the deliberative process that this initiates is in tension with constraints on consensual values typically imposed by aggregation theory, at least when deliberation is modelled (...) as process of learning from others compatible with Bayesian updating principles. (shrink)

Retomo neste texto, com pequenas alterações, resenha realizada em 2007 para o blog Dobras da Leitura, coordenado pela batuta de Peter O´Sagae. Lembro-me que era lançamento do livro e ele propunha ao público leitor a construção de uma resenha e a oferta do livro, prontamente me entreguei a leitura.

Atheism is a familiar kind of skepticism about religion. Moral error theory is an analogous kind of skepticism about morality, though less well known outside academic circles. Both kinds of skeptic face a "what next?" question: If we have decided that the subject matter (religion/morality) is mistaken, then what should we do with this way of talking and thinking? The natural assumption is that we should abolish the mistaken topic, just as we previously eliminated talk of, say, bodily humors and (...) unicorns. The fictionalist, however, offers a less obvious recommendation. According to the fictionalist, engaging in the topic in question provides pragmatic benefits that do not depend on its truth-in a way roughly analogous to engaging with a novel or a movie. The religious fictionalist maintains that even if we were atheists, we should carry on talking, thinking, and acting as if religion were true. The moral fictionalist maintains a similar view regarding moral talk, thought, and action. Both forms of fictionalism face serious challenges. Some challenges can be levelled at either form of fictionalism (or at any form of fictionalism), whereas others are problems unique to moral fictionalism or to religious fictionalism. There are important questions to be asked about the relationship between these two kinds of fictionalism. Could moral fictionalism be plausible even if religious fictionalism is not (or vice versa)? This is a volume of thirteen previously unpublished papers on the topics of religious fictionalism, moral fictionalism, and the relation between these views. (shrink)

A espremer sonhos em palavras, o escritor angolano Ondjaki tem desenvolvido uma escrita potente que resulta em títulos para infância de forte carga literária. Dos seus títulos publicados no Brasil destacamos O leão e coelho Saltitão (2009), Ynari, a menina das cinco tranças (2010), O vôo do golfinho (2012) e Ombela, a origem das chuvas (2014a), narrativas curtas que pela sua interlocução com a ilustração podem ser manuseados e lidos pelos pequenos.

This article proposes a way of apprehending the apocalyptic language specific to John of Patmos through the analysis of two types of data : temporal and spatial. It shows its hermeneutic fecundity and thus its potential relevance to apprehend the time and the space which are ours. The reading of the Book of Revelation opens the space and the time of a creative imagination that wants resolutely away from the anguish and confinement characterizing in many ways our present world.

Este texto, bem como as pesquisas que realizamos, tem como meta dar visibilidade às leituras literárias destinadas ao público infantil e juvenil, que enfatizem o tema étnico-racial, ou ainda, títulos que incluam a real participação de personagens negras, costumes afro-brasileiros e informações culturais produtoras de identificação entre o leitor e a narrativa, contribuindo, assim, com as mudanças atuais na história da educação brasileira. Neste texto, apresentamos seis títulos da Editora SM, que, em seu catálogo editorial para 2008/2009, dos 173 títulos (...) publicados, 20 títulos trazem a presença da cultura africana e afro-brasileira. Dos 20, optou-se pela análise de cinco títulos. Da análise desses títulos, constatou-se, acima de tudo, que um dos caminhos para o entendimento e a consciência acerca da pluralidade cultural está também na apropriação da leitura literária produtora de identidade e inclusão social. (shrink)

Em Quindungo, Joaquim de Almeida constrói fantasticamente uma narrativa encharcada de elementos afro-brasileiros, a começar pelo próprio título “Quindungo”, termo da língua da família bantu que significa “baleia fantástica” e presente nas narrativas mitológicas do Recôncavo Baiano.

Era uma vez..., de Benjamin Lacombe, é um livro que é arte pura, magistralmente sedutor pela sua arquitetura física e imagens insólitas. Um livro pop-up, com personagens dos contos clássicos para infância (Polegarzinha, Pinóquio, Madame Butterfly, Chapeuzinho Vermelho, Alice no País das Maravilhas, O Barba Azul, A Bela Adormecida e Peter Pan), que desfilam pelas páginas em dobraduras em três dimensões. Talvez Madama Butterfly se distancie das narrativas feéricas, mas por certo, Lacombe a introduziu com perfeição na sua insólita construção.