21 found
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  1.  96
    Beyond Consent in Research.Emily Bell, Eric Racine, Paula Chiasson, Maya Dufourcq-Brana, Laura B. Dunn, Joseph J. Fins, Paul J. Ford, Walter Glannon, Nir Lipsman, Mary Ellen Macdonald, Debra J. H. Mathews & Mary Pat Mcandrews - 2014 - Cambridge Quarterly of Healthcare Ethics 23 (3):361-368.
    Abstract:Vulnerability is an important criterion to assess the ethical justification of the inclusion of participants in research trials. Currently, vulnerability is often understood as an attribute inherent to a participant by nature of a diagnosed condition. Accordingly, a common ethical concern relates to the participant’s decisionmaking capacity and ability to provide free and informed consent. We propose an expanded view of vulnerability that moves beyond a focus on consent and the intrinsic attributes of participants. We offer specific suggestions for how (...)
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  2.  31
    Beyond Consent in Research.Emily Bell, Eric Racine, Paula Chiasson, Maya Dufourcq-Brana & Laura Macdonald - 2014 - Cambridge Quarterly of Healthcare Ethics 23 (3):361-368.
    Abstract:Vulnerability is an important criterion to assess the ethical justification of the inclusion of participants in research trials. Currently, vulnerability is often understood as an attribute inherent to a participant by nature of a diagnosed condition. Accordingly, a common ethical concern relates to the participant’s decisionmaking capacity and ability to provide free and informed consent. We propose an expanded view of vulnerability that moves beyond a focus on consent and the intrinsic attributes of participants. We offer specific suggestions for how (...)
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  3.  62
    Hope and Patients’ Expectations in Deep Brain Stimulation: Healthcare Providers’ Perspectives and Approaches.Emily Bell, Bruce Maxwell, Mary Pat McAndrews, Abbas Sadikot & Eric Racine - 2010 - Journal of Clinical Ethics 21 (2):112-124.
    In this article we report relevant data that shed light on the topic of hope and patients’ expectations in the use of DBS, for standard, approved, and established indications, based on a broader qualitative study on the ethical and social challenges that healthcare providers face in the field of DBS.
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  4.  68
    Public Discourse on the Biology of Alcohol Addiction: Implications for Stigma, Self-Control, Essentialism, and Coercive Policies in Pregnancy.Eric Racine, Emily Bell, Natalie Zizzo & Courtney Green - 2015 - Neuroethics 8 (2):177-186.
    International media have reported cases of pregnant women who have had their children apprehended by social services, or who were incarcerated or forced into treatment programs based on a history of substance use or lack of adherence to addiction treatment programs. Public discourse on the biology of addiction has been criticized for generating stigma and a diminished perception of self-control in individuals with an addiction, potentially contributing to coercive approaches and criminalization of women who misuse substances during pregnancy. We explored (...)
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  5.  17
    What Is Everyday Ethics? A Review and a Proposal for an Integrative Concept.Eric Racine, Emily Bell & Natalie Zizzo - 2016 - Journal of Clinical Ethics 27 (2):117-128.
    “Everyday ethics” is a term that has been used in the clinical and ethics literature for decades to designate normatively important and pervasive issues in healthcare. In spite of its importance, the term has not been reviewed and analyzed carefully. We undertook a literature review to understand how the term has been employed and defined, finding that it is often contrasted to “dramatic ethics.” We identified the core attributes most commonly associated with everyday ethics. We then propose an integrative model (...)
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  6.  63
    Nudging Without Ethical Fudging: Clarifying Physician Obligations to Avoid Ethical Compromise.Emily Bell, Veljko Dubljevic & Eric Racine - 2013 - American Journal of Bioethics 13 (6):18-19.
    In the article “Nudging and Informed Consent”, Cohen argues that the use of “nudging” by physicians in the clinical encounter may be ethically warranted because it results in an informed consent where obligations for beneficence and respect for autonomy are both met. However, the author's overenthusiastic support for nudging and his quick dismissal of shared decision-making leads him to assume that “soft” manipulation is un-problematic and that “wisdom” on the side of medical professionals will suffice to guard against abuse. Opposing (...)
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  7.  36
    It’s a Shame! Stigma Against Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder: Examining the Ethical Implications for Public Health Practices and Policies.Emily Bell, Gail Andrew, Nina Di Pietro, Albert E. Chudley, James N. Reynolds & Eric Racine - 2016 - Public Health Ethics 9 (1):65-77.
    Stigma can influence the prevention and identification of fetal alcohol spectrum disorder, a leading cause of developmental delay in North America. Understanding the effects of public health practices and policies on stigma is imperative. We reviewed social science and biomedical literatures to understand the nature of stigma in FASD and its relevance from an ethics standpoint in matters of health practices and policies. We propose a descriptive model of stigma in FASD and note current knowledge gaps; discuss the ethical implications (...)
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  8.  44
    A Room with a View of Integrity and Professionalism: Personal Reflections on Teaching Responsible Conduct of Research in the Neurosciences.Emily Bell - 2015 - Science and Engineering Ethics 21 (2):461-469.
    Neuroscientists are increasingly put into situations which demand critical reflection about the ethical and appropriate use of research tools and scientific knowledge. Students or trainees also have to know how to navigate the ethical domains of this context. At a time when neuroscience is expected to advance policy and practice outcomes, in the face of academic pressures and complex environments, the importance of scientific integrity comes into focus and with it the need for training at the graduate level in the (...)
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  9.  36
    Subjective Outcomes Measurement and Regulatory Oversight for Deep Brain Stimulation in Parkinson's Disease.Ghislaine Mathieu, Emily Bell & Eric Racine - 2011 - American Journal of Bioethics Neuroscience 2 (1):16-18.
  10.  41
    Informed consent for MRI and fMRI research: Analysis of a sample of Canadian consent documents.Nicole Palmour, William Affleck, Emily Bell, Constance Deslauriers, Bruce Pike, Julien Doyon & Eric Racine - 2011 - BMC Medical Ethics 12 (1):1.
    BackgroundResearch ethics and the measures deployed to ensure ethical oversight of research (e.g., informed consent forms, ethics review) are vested with extremely important ethical and practical goals. Accordingly, these measures need to function effectively in real-world research and to follow high level standards.MethodsWe examined approved consent forms for Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) and functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) studies approved by Canadian research ethics boards (REBs).ResultsWe found evidence of variability in consent forms in matters of physical and psychological risk reporting. (...)
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  11.  32
    Stigmatisation, Exaggeration, and Contradiction: An Analysis of Scientific and Clinical Content in Canadian Print Media Discourse About Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder.John Aspler, Natalie Zizzo, Emily Bell, Nina Di Pietro & Eric Racine - unknown
    Background: Fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD), a complex diagnosis that includes a wide range of neurodevelopmental disabilities, results from exposure to alcohol in the womb. FASD remains poorly understood by Canadians, which could contribute to reported stigma faced by both people with FASD and women who drink alcohol while pregnant. Methods: To better understand how information about FASD is presented in the public sphere, we conducted content analysis of 286 articles from ten major English-language Canadian newspapers (2002-2015). We used inductive (...)
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  12. Ethical Issues Raised by Proposals to Treat Addiction Using Deep Brain Stimulation.Adrian Carter, Emily Bell, Eric Racine & Wayne Hall - 2010 - Neuroethics 4 (2):129-142.
    Deep brain stimulation (DBS) has been proposed as a potential treatment of drug addiction on the basis of its effects on drug self-administration in animals and on addictive behaviours in some humans treated with DBS for other psychiatric or neurological conditions. DBS is seen as a more reversible intervention than ablative neurosurgery but it is nonetheless a treatment that carries significant risks. A review of preclinical and clinical evidence for the use of DBS to treat addiction suggests that more animal (...)
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  13.  39
    What are the focal points in bioethics literature? Examining the discussions about everyday ethics in Parkinson’s disease.Natalie Zizzo, Emily Bell & Eric Racine - 2017 - Clinical Ethics 12 (1):19-23.
    Everyday ethics refers to those issues which have a sometimes unrecognized moral dimension and that arise regularly within healthcare and research. These issues are often contrasted to dramatic ethics issues (i.e. issues that have seemingly higher stakes such as those arising in acute care situations or with invasive or life-threatening interventions). Claims have been made that scholarly bioethics tends to focus on dramatic ethics to the detriment of everyday ethics discussions. However, empirical evidence showing this has been lacking. Our own (...)
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  14.  32
    Caution! Warning Labels About Alcohol and Pregnancy: Unintended Consequences and Questionable Effectiveness.Emily Bell, Natalie Zizzo & Eric Racine - 2015 - American Journal of Bioethics 15 (3):18-20.
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  15.  20
    Responding Ethically to Patient and Public Expectations About Psychiatric DBS.Eric Racine & Emily Bell - 2012 - American Journal of Bioethics Neuroscience 3 (1):21-29.
    In the last years, TV documentaries, articles in popular magazines, and Internet content have increased the public visibility of deep brain stimulation (DBS). The media may have also provoked significant clinical and public interest in potential future applications for treating psychiatric disorders beyond the current use of DBS in neurological disorders. In this article, we review and discuss the topic of patient and public understanding of DBS, focusing on both the clinical consequences of patient understanding as well as the broader (...)
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  16. Canadian Research Ethics Boards and Multisite Research: Experiences from Two Minimal-Risk Studies.Eric Racine, Emily Bell & Constance Deslauriers - 2010 - IRB: Ethics & Human Research 32 (3):12-18.
    Canada’s Tri-Council Policy Statement: Ethical Conduct for Research Involving Humans mandates that all research involving human subjects be reviewed and approved by a research ethics board . We have little evidence on how researchers are dealing with this requirement in multisite studies, which involve more than one REB. We retrospectively examined 22 REB submissions for two minimal-risk, multisite studies in leading Canadian institutions. Most REBs granted expedited review to the studies, while one declared the application to be exempt from review. (...)
     
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  17.  37
    Clinical and public translation of neuroimaging research in disorders of consciousness challenges current diagnostic and public understanding paradigms.Eric Racine & Emily Bell - 2008 - American Journal of Bioethics 8 (9):13 – 15.
  18.  25
    Throwing the Ethics Book at Professional Organizations in the Neurological Sciences.Cynthia Forlini, Emily Bell & Adrian Carter - 2017 - American Journal of Bioethics Neuroscience 8 (4):W1-W2.
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  19.  40
    Deep Brain Stimulation, Ethics, and Society.Emily Bell & Eric Racine - 2010 - Journal of Clinical Ethics 21 (2):101-103.
    Discussion surrounding ethical and social issues in deep brain stimulation (DBS) has increased. This article introduces a special section on the ethics of DBS in The Journal of Clinical Ethics.
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  20.  45
    Enthusiasm for functional magnetic resonance imaging (fmri) often overlooks its dependence on task selection and performance.Emily Bell & Eric Racine - 2009 - American Journal of Bioethics 9 (1):23 – 25.
  21.  19
    Young Persons in Research: A Call for the Engagement of Youth in Mental Health Research.Emily Bell - 2015 - American Journal of Bioethics 15 (11):28-30.
    In their article, Luchtenberg and colleagues (2015) describe some of the reasons young people give for taking part in clinical research. Their findings are part of a growing evidence base that sugg...
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