According to kin selection theory, indirect reproductive advantages may induce individuals to care for others with whom they share genes by common descent, and the amount of care, including self-sacrifice, will increase with the proportion of genes shared. Twins represent a natural situation in which this hypothesis can be tested. Twin pairs experience the same early environment because they were born and raised at the same time and in the same family but their genetic relatedness differs depending on zygosity. We (...) compared the degree of willingness to fight and sacrifice for the co-twin among monozygotic and dizygotic pairs in a sample of 1443 same-sex and opposite-sex twins. We also analyzed the effect of the subject’s gender and that of the co-twin on those altruistic behaviors. Results partly supported the postulated explanation. MZ twins were significantly more likely than DZ twins to self-sacrifice for their co-twins, but zygosity did not affect willingness to fight for him/her. The genders of the subject and of the co-twin, not genetic relatedness, were the best predictors of aggressive altruistic intentions. (shrink)

According to kin selection theory, indirect reproductive advantages may induce individuals to care for others with whom they share genes by common descent, and the amount of care, including self-sacrifice, will increase with the proportion of genes shared. Twins represent a natural situation in which this hypothesis can be tested. Twin pairs experience the same early environment because they were born and raised at the same time and in the same family but their genetic relatedness differs depending on zygosity. We (...) compared the degree of willingness to fight and sacrifice for the co-twin among monozygotic and dizygotic pairs in a sample of 1443 same-sex and opposite-sex twins. We also analyzed the effect of the subject’s gender and that of the co-twin on those altruistic behaviors. Results partly supported the postulated explanation. MZ twins were significantly more likely than DZ twins to self-sacrifice for their co-twins, but zygosity did not affect willingness to fight for him/her. The genders of the subject and of the co-twin, not genetic relatedness, were the best predictors of aggressive altruistic intentions. (shrink)

Health‐related data uses and data sharing have been in the spotlight for a while. Since the beginning of the big data era, massive data mining and its inherent possibilities have only increased the debate about what the limits are. Data governance is a relevant aspect addressed in ethics guidelines. In this context, the European project BRIDGE Health (BRidging Information and Data Generation for Evidence‐based Health policy and research) strove to achieve a comprehensive, integrated and sustainable EU health‐information system. One of (...) the aims of the project was to evaluate the requirements to construct a data‐linkage infrastructure for the secure management of health information. In a blueprint provided for this infrastructure, the topics ethics and the intimately related governance occupied a whole section, where the recent ethics guidelines by the Council for International Organizations of Medical Sciences (CIOMS) and the World Medical Association (WMA) were referenced. We explore what has changed in the latest versions of the ethics documents adopted by CIOMS and WMA regarding the management of health data and human tissues, the appropriateness of their application in new forms of research and infrastructures as the proposed in the BRIDGE Health project, and whether society should be so concerned about this topic, in the digital era of social exchange. (shrink)

Tumor progression involves the transition from normal to malignant cells, through a series of cumulative alterations. During this process, invasive and migratory properties are acquired, enabling cells to metastasize (reach and grow in tissues far from their origin). Numerous cellular changes take place during epithelial malignancy, and disruption of E‐cadherin based cell‐cell adhesion is a major event. The small Rho GTPases (Rho, Rac and Cdc42) have been implicated in multiple steps during cellular transformation, including alterations on the adhesion status of (...) the tumor cells. This review focuses on recent in vivo evidence that implicates RhoGTPases in epithelial tumor progression. In addition, we discuss different hypotheses to explain disruption of cadherin‐mediated cell–cell adhesion, directly or indirectly, through activation of Rho GTPases. Understanding the molecular mechanism of how cadherin adhesion and RhoGTPases interplay in normal cells and how this balance is altered during cellular transformation will provide clues as to how to interfere with tumor progression. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. BioEssays 25:452–463, 2003. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. (shrink)

This study analysed the effects a values education programme can have on the feelings of self‐realisation, self‐concept and self‐esteem of Romany adolescents in southern Spain. To do this, an experimental group received a values education intervention but a control group did not. The intervention programme was adapted to the Romany culture. The self‐realisation, self‐concept and self‐esteem of both groups were evaluated using the Self‐Concept and Realisation Questionnaire. Statistical analyses showed the existence of significant differences between the experimental and control groups (...) on the variables studied. Based on the results, we suggest that a values education programme like this, that has been culturally adapted, can make a positive impact on the self‐realisation of young people from a marginalised community. (shrink)

Este trabajo analiza la denominada “violencia contra las mujeres” o “violencia de género” como tipo específico de violencia: manifestación de la discriminación basada en el sexo; de raíz ideológica en el sexismo y de carácter estructural, subrayando que para luchar contra ella es necesario un enfoque integral como el adoptado por la LO 1/2004. A continuación se examina dicha ley desde el punto de vista del principio constitucional de no discriminación basada en el sexo y se sostiene que, con carácter (...) general, los tratamientos jurídicos diferenciados en función del sexo de la LO 1/2004 estarían justificados desde el punto de vista de la finalidad perseguida; que, además, satisfacen el parámetro de la proporcionalidad los establecidos en los ámbitos de los derechos sociales y laborales y judicial y que sería posible una interpretación conforme a la Constitución de los tipos penales cualificados en la línea de exigir un fundamento adicional para la agravación (el carácter discriminatorio de la conducta) y la concurrencia de ese fundamento adicional en el caso concreto. (shrink)

Eleven years after Kosovo’s unilateral declaration of independence, Spain’s position vis-à-vis Kosovo has not only not varied, but it has become stronger, turning Madrid into the leader of the Kosovo non recognizers club within the EU. This paper analyses Kosovo-Spain relations in the last eleven years. More specifically, the paper examines the reasons behind the non-recognition of Kosovo and the approach of the Spanish governments toward Kosovo’s statehood. This is followed by a thorough analysis on how Kosovo’s path for self-determination (...) played a major role in Catalonia’s quest for independence in 2017. The empirical research demonstrates that Spain’s main reason not to recognise Kosovo is based on the country’s internal dynamics; namely, Catalonia and the Basque country. Likewise, the paper argues that the Spanish governments throughout the last eleven years have created an analogy between Kosovo and Catalonia; not in their political statements, but in their political decisions, by worsening the almost inexistent diplomatic relations with Kosovo, when the Catalan path for independence was at its highest peak. By the same token, the paper reveals that this position was enhanced and driven by Catalan separatism, that continuously used Kosovo’s unilateral declaration of independence as a model to further their own path for self-determination. The data provided and analysed in this paper as well as the statements made are based on desk research and seven semi-structured interviews conducted in Prishtina, Brussels, Madrid and Barcelona in 2018. (shrink)

Dos son los objetivos fundamentales de estas páginas. En primer lugar, analizar la postura de Unamuno ante el avance de la democracia en la Europa de principios de siglo. Esta posición que en apariencia se muestra contradictoria, adquirirá sentido pleno al distinguir entre democracia liberal y no liberal. Y en segundo lugar, rastrear las principales aportaciones que su pensamiento político puede ofrecer hoy en día a la teoría política en general y la teoría de la democracia en particular.

La renovación metodológica que impulsa el EEES implica un nuevo enfoque didáctico, dándole mayor importancia al aprendizaje motivacional que a la enseñanza. En este contexto, las metas vitales del alumnado y su actitud ante el aprendizaje son determinantes clave en su motivación. El objetivo de este trabajo es analizar las orientaciones motivacionales y de aprendizaje de los estudiantes de la Facultad de Ciencias Sociales y Jurídicas de la Universidad de Jaén para proponer al profesorado actuaciones, procedimientos, tácticas, y recursos que (...) influyan favorablemente en la motivación del alumnado, impulsen la participación y asistencia a clase y contribuyan a un aprendizaje activo. (shrink)

The purpose of this article is to present a business ethics case from the viewpoint of discursive ethics. Dialogue and subsequent agreement constitute two key ideas of European identity and are two basic concepts of discursive ethics thinking. Our choice for this type of approach was determined by several reasons, of which there are three that should be pointed out, as they can be considered an heritage of the European way of thinking:1) the need for a rational dialogue, in which (...) all those affected -- or, failing that, the people acting in their name -- are represented, as a way to find solutions to conflicts;2) the importance of respecting a set of conditions ensuring equal opportunities and total symmetry among the participants; and3) obliged respect for the universalization principle, which establishes that a decision is morally correct when it can or could be accepted by all those whom it affects, present or future.In order to present this case, the following steps are taken. Firstly, a brief summary of the case will be provided, defining the different ways of approaching the problem and the resulting map of interests. Secondly, the different interests and values, which came into play, are analysed. Finally, we go over the different approaches that were made to reach a solution before considering dialogue, which turned out to be the most decisive. (shrink)

The thesis that I develop in this paper is that there is a way of affirmation of the existence and the world in Schopenhauer, assuming no foundation, an aesthetic justification of existence or a way of life either as a tragic pessimism or pessimism of strength. This is an additional path to his basic position stated in The World as Will and Representation and is clearly in Parerga and Paralipomena, especially in «On Religion» and in «Aphorisms on the wisdom of (...) life». To develop that thesis, I analyze the concept of «need for metaphysics» and its relationship to art and to the author’s project of philosophy. (shrink)

En este artículo analizo la novela de Nayib Mahfuz, Hijos de nuestro barrio, desde la perspectiva de los personajes femeninos, especialmente en referencia a dos elementos centrales del barrio de las religiones monoteístas: la tierra prometida y el pueblo elegido.Através de los personajes femeninos Mahfuz recupera una memoria más comprensiva de la civilización humana.

En este trabajo se analiza la reflexión de Madame de Staël sobre la felicidad, por qué cree que partimos de una concepción errónea, por qué las pasiones son un factor decisivo y de qué recursos disponemos para ser felices. Atendiendo a esto último, en este artículo se analiza por qué las protagonistas de sus dos grandes novelas, Delphine y Corinne, fracasan, cuál es la posición de los personajes masculinos y si la autora ofrece a las mujeres otros medios para buscar (...) la felicidad. (shrink)

Remedios ÁVILA CRESPO Trotta 2018, 213 pp. Madrid ISBN: 978-84-9879-758-9.

This two country study examines the effect of corporate ethical values and enforcement of a code of ethics on perceptions of the role of ethics in the overall success of the firm. Additionally, the impact of organizational commitment and of individual variables such as ethical idealism and relativism was examined. The rationale for examining the perceived importance of the role of ethics in this manner is to determine the extent to which the organization itself can influence employee perceptions regarding ethics (...) and social responsibility. Results indicate that all of the variables tested, except relativism, impacted upon one’s perceptions of the importance of ethics and social responsibility. Perceptions of the importance of ethics and social responsibility also varied depending upon country of residence with the U.S. sample having somewhat higher perceptions concerning the importance of ethics and social responsibility than their counterparts in Spain. Furthermore, when comparing the two samples, the U.S. sample had significantly higher corporate ethical values, greater enforcement of ethical codes, less organizational commitment and both lower idealism and relativism. (shrink)

La didáctica se ejecuta con estudiantes policiales de la Escuela de Suboficiales y Nivel Ejecutivo Gonzalo Jiménez de Quesada, los cuales multiplicaran a los estudiantes rurales del municipio de Sibaté.El propósito del proyecto fue diseñar una estrategia didáctico pedagógica que permita fortalecer las Habilidades Comunicativas implementando la lectoescritura, en los estudiantes policiales y a la vez a los estudiantes de las Instituciones Educativas Rurales de Sibaté Cundinamarca. Metodológicamente, el proyecto se realizó mediante el enfoque cualitativo de carácter etnográfico. En conclusión, (...) se motivó la implementación de varias actividades de lectura y escritura, con extensión a estudiantes del sector Rural. (shrink)

La presente investigación surge de abordar los comportamientos sociales y su influencia en la convivencia ciudadana. Para ello, se realizó una comprensión desde las perspectivas: cultura, norma, familia, escuela y pedagogía, transversalizado por la Ley 1801 de 2016, Código de Convivencia y Seguridad Ciudadana.El objetivo es analizar desde núcleos como la familia, la escuela y la norma, el proceso del comportamiento social y su incidencia en la convivencia ciudadana, desde la responsabilidad individual y colectiva, se utilizó la metodología de estudio (...) cualitativo documental.Obteniendo resultados poco alentadores por el aumento de los comportamientos contrarios a la convivencia de la sociedad colombiana. (shrink)

Ethics has assumed a dominant position in the current economic debate, and this study focuses on ethics as a legitimate underpinning to good business decision making. Using a self-response survey of marketing managers in Spain, the current theory on ethical decision making is extended. Results support the mediating influence of the PRESOR construct (an individual’s perception of the importance of ethics and social responsibility for the effectiveness of the organization) on relativistic and idealistic moral thinking when one is considering the (...) moral intensity of a situation. In addition, the study found support for the relationship between relativism (negative), idealism (positive), corporate ethical values, and job satisfaction, thereby providing additional support for the prior theory. Finally, a thorough review of the extant literature and suggestions for future ethics research in the marketing field are included. (shrink)

Durante las últimas décadas, el método comparado ha adquirido un protagonismo imprescindible en la investigación jurídica porque este método permite profundizar y comprender de forma crítica la complejidad del fenómeno jurídico. El objetivo de este artículo se centra en analizar cuál es el alcance y cuáles las tensiones entre el binomio necesidad versus finalidad en el desarrollo metodológico de la investigación jurídico-comparada. Al respecto, se recogen las principales aportaciones teóricas y consideraciones sobre la naturaleza del método/disciplina comparados, así como se (...) reflexiona sobre los problemas y los retos de este método, las diferentes fases metodológicas y las estrategias existentes. Y, por último, se incluye una propuesta de mejora basada en un modelo de comparación jurídica “lenta” (slow legal comparative) como una fórmula para equilibrar este binomio en la actividad investigadora iuscomparatista. (shrink)

Pinjás Sadé fue considerado un heterodoxo en el seno de la “Cultura Estatal” israelí que constituyó su entorno vital. En la primera parte de este artículo presento su biografía y su obra más representativa, La vida como parábola, publicada en 1958, así como sus raíces románticas y frankistas y su inclinación hacia el cristianismo de acuerdo con el Evangelio. En la segunda parte se hace un análisis mítico de esa obra según la estructura del viaje interior del héroe en busca (...) del sentido de su vida. Presento la metodología seguida, basada en los trabajos del Círculo de Eranos . Analizo después los mitemas encontrados en la obra. Finalmente, comparo esos mitemas con los que aparecen en la obra Siddharta de Hermann Hesse. (shrink)