Jerzy Gengell jest jednym z najwybitniejszych i chyba najpłodniejszym wśród jezuickich pisarzy w I połowie XVIII w. Jego drukowana spuścizna liczy 18 poważniejszych pozycji, jak to podaje jego biograf w Polskim Słowniku Biograficznym, ks. Jan Poplatek SJ; on tez pierwszy spośród polskich teologów katolickich w sposób najwszechstronniejszy, systematyczny i pogłębiony podjął zagadnienie ateizmu, a na jego tle kwestię kartezjanizmu i płynących z jego ideowych założeń i zasad konsekwencji logicznych, niebezpiecznych dla chrześcijańskiej wiary, teologii i filozofii, by na te zagrożenia odpowiedzieć (...) w sposób naukowy, a swoich czytelników na nie uwrażliwić. Stąd charakter polemiczno-apologetyczny większości jego dzieł, w których zwalcza również inne ówczesne - jego zdaniem błędne – doktryny religijne: luteranizm, kalwinizm, zwinglianizm, jansenizm itp. (shrink)

Jerzy Gengell jest jednym z najwybitniejszych i chyba najpłodniejszym wśród jezuickich pisarzy w I połowie XVIII w. Jego drukowana spuścizna liczy 18 poważniejszych pozycji, jak to podaje jego biograf w Polskim Słowniku Biograficznym, ks. Jan Poplatek SJ; on tez pierwszy spośród polskich teologów katolickich w sposób najwszechstronniejszy, systematyczny i pogłębiony podjął zagadnienie ateizmu, a na jego tle kwestię kartezjanizmu i płynących z jego ideowych założeń i zasad konsekwencji logicznych, niebezpiecznych dla chrześcijańskiej wiary, teologii i filozofii, by na te zagrożenia odpowiedzieć (...) w sposób naukowy, a swoich czytelników na nie uwrażliwić. Stąd charakter polemiczno-apologetyczny większości jego dzieł, w których zwalcza również inne ówczesne - jego zdaniem błędne – doktryny religijne: luteranizm, kalwinizm, zwinglianizm, jansenizm itp. (shrink)

Demographic changes indicate that the number of people aged 60 years and above will double in the next 30 years, and politicians around the world have an interest in delaying retirement in order to benefit national economies by lowering the burden on public pension systems. In this study, it is examined whether and how combinations of multiple types of work motivation based on self-determination theory would be associated with retirement-related factors and retirement intentions. Using a person-centered approach to identify latent (...) work motivation profiles among older workers, four profiles emerged: the Low Motivation Profile with below-average levels on most motivational regulations, but in particular, lack identified work regulation; the Autonomous Motivation Profile with higher levels of autonomous motivation and lower levels of controlled motivation and amotivation; the High Motivation Profile with simultaneously high autonomous and controlled motivation; the Amotivated Profile. Compared to the Low Motivation and Amotivated Profiles, the Autonomous and the High Motivation profiles show higher levels of vigor and lower levels of job stress, exhaustion and turnover-, and retirement intentions. However, the High Motivation Profile seems to pay a cost because they experience significantly more job stress than employees in the Autonomous profile. In addition, variable-based correlations showed higher levels of vigor and lower levels of job stress, exhaustion, and turnover intentions to be associated with lower levels of retirement intentions. The results are discussed in relation to managers and organizational endeavors to rebuild lost work identification and reduce extrinsic work motivation and amotivation in order to motivate older workers to stay longer at work. (shrink)

Different opinions about the simplicity of God may be connected with different understandings of how abstract terms are used to name the properties which are affirmed of a being. If these terms are taken to signify parts of that being, this being is not a simple one. Thomas Aquinas, who attributes essence, existence and perfections to God, nevertheless thinks that these are not different parts of God. When essence, existence and perfections are attributed to God, they all denominate the same, (...) the Being of the first cause. For Aquinas, this is a consequence of his way of introducing the language about God by basing it upon the philosophical ways leading to God as first cause. Awareness of this connection between Divine attributes and the arguments for God’s existence is crucial for an adequate understanding of Aquinas’ position. (shrink)

The city of Bruges went through an amalgamation operation already in 1971. The number of personnel increased considerably, though there was no question of a surplus. This increase is only partially to be ascribed to the amalgamation. The integration of the personnel from the formel municipalities proceeded quite well, although the coordination had to be improved on some points. On the political level, all of the former municipalities are represented with a predominance of the outskirts. For the provision of services, (...) a decentralised approach was chosen. Except for centralisation of the Registry for Births, Deaths, and Marriages, the ordinary administrative services were decentralised to the former municipal halls. The financial capacity increased steadily, which was necessary to cover the greater financial needs, which can be reduced to the supplementary expenses resulting from the amalgamation, which brought with it an expansion of the task package. On the level of the input and participation facilities, functional and territorial advisory councils were created, which function quite satisfactorily. Neighbourhood meetings are organised on the occasion of large projects. Globally, the Bruges amalgamation succeeded. A more flexible supervisory authority would be able to give more efficiency and effectiveness to the policy. (shrink)

Als im Jahr 1992 die Frage aufgeworfen wurde, ob der französische Philosoph Jacques Derrida den Ehrendoktortitel der University of Cambridge verliehen bekommen sollte, lehnte ein Teil der Jury-Mitglieder die Vergabe ab. Man könne nicht, so hieß es damals, einen Denker würdigen, der in seinen Schriften vormalig Gedankenspiele inszeniere und »überall seine eigenen Urteile wieder umstößt«. Die zuletzt zitierten Worte wurden so nicht geäußert, da sie aus dem dritten Jahrhundert von dem griechischen Philosophen Porphyrius stammten und gegen den 〉theoretischen Gründungsvater〈 des (...) Christentums, Paulus, gerichtet waren. Porphyrius war in seiner Kritik an Paulus nicht weniger kleinlich als die oben erwähnten Jurymitglieder. Es sei die Inkohärenz eines Denkens, das er bei Paulus kritisiere und das »jeder Bildung entbehre«. Denn »beinahe wie ein Schwert wetzt er [Paulus] seine Zunge und zerstückelt ohne Schonung die Glieder des Gesetzes, er, der an vielen Stellen den Gehorsam gegen das Gesetz eingeschärft und das Leben nach demselben für lobenswert erklärt hat.«. (shrink)

This account of poverty and deviance during recent times in the city of Antwerp compares situations of the 1930's with present times. Undoubtedly social security prevented, since the end of the war, that many people feit into poverty. Still in the presence of massive unemployment, public relieve organisations, such as the 0.C.M.W. are more and more confronted with what is called precarity.About 25% of the Antwerp population is estimated to be living in a precair situation. After glancing on the near (...) future and warningfor a number of social challenges, the article insists very much on preventional politics and coordinated total development projects in the depressed areas. (shrink)

[Book Review] Philip W. Rosemann reviews S.J. McGrath. The Early Heidegger and Medieval Philosophy. Phenomenology for the Godforsaken . Washington, D.C.: Catholic University of America Press, 2006.

Conceptualized within the framework of self-determination theory, the aim of the current study was to investigate the relation between perfectionistic concerns and (a) controlled (non-self-determined) motivation and (b) performance anxiety through basic psychological need frustration (frustration of competence, autonomy, and realtedness), and if these relations would be moderated by controlling teaching/coaching conditions. We used a cross-sectional moderated mediation design and purposefully selected Norwegian elite junior performers (N = 171; Mage = 17.3; SDage= 0.94) from talent development schools, who completed an (...) online questionnaire to report their perceptions of the study variables. Associations were examined using structural equation modeling. The results showed that perfectionistic concerns were positively associated with controlling conditions, basic needs frustration, controlled motivation, and performance anxiety. Reported controlling teaching/coaching conditions moderated the positive indirect relationship between perfectionistic concerns and (a) controlled motivation and (b) performance anxiety through competence need frustration. Specifically, these indirect associations were evident for performers reporting moderate or high levels of controlling teaching/coaching conditions. In contrast, there were no indirect associations via competence need frustration for those performers who reported low levels of controlling conditions. In conclusion, the results indicate that perfectionistic concerns appear to be a vulnerability factor that exposes elite junior performers to higher risks of entering a debilitative motivational process. This seems especially likely when exposed to controlling teaching/coaching conditions. Coaches and teachers working with elite junior performers should avoid using controlling mechanisms and instead foster autonomous functioning. (shrink)