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  1.  19
    Who Are the Rightful Owners of the Concepts Disease, Illness and Sickness? A Pluralistic Analysis of Basic Health Concepts.Halvor Nordby - 2019 - Open Journal of Philosophy 9 (4):470-492.
    The article uses a producer-consumer theory from philosophy of mind and language to analyse the meaning of basic health concepts like disease, illness and sickness. The core idea of the producer-consumer perspective is that a person who has an incomplete understanding of a term can associate it with the same concept as a linguistic expert, if both of them are willing to defer to the same contextual or general norms of meaning. Using “disease” as an example, the article argues that (...)
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  2.  18
    The analytic–synthetic distinction and conceptual analyses of basic health concepts.Halvor Nordby - 2006 - Medicine, Health Care and Philosophy 9 (2):169-180.
    Within philosophy of medicine it has been a widespread view that there are important theoretical and practical reasons for clarifying the nature of basic health concepts like disease, illness and sickness. Many theorists have attempted to give definitions that can function as general standards, but as more and more definitions have been rejected as inadequate, pessimism about the possibility of formulating plausible definitions has become increasingly widespread. However, the belief that no definitions will succeed since no definitions have succeeded is (...)
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  3. Incorrect understanding and concept possession.Halvor Nordby - 2004 - Philosophical Explorations 7 (1):55-70.
    Tyler Burge has argued that an incorrect understanding of a word can be sufficient for possessing the concept the word literally expresses. His well-known 'arthritis' case involves a patient who understands 'arthritis' incorrectly, but who nevertheless, according to Burge, possesses the concept arthritis. Critics of Burge have objected that there is an alternative concept that best matches the patient's understanding and that this, therefore, is the patient's concept. The paper first argues that Burge's response to this objection is unconvincing. A (...)
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  4. (1 other version)Medical explanations and lay conceptions of disease and illness in doctor–patient interaction.Halvor Nordby - 2008 - Theoretical Medicine and Bioethics 29 (6):357-370.
    Hilary Putnam’s influential analysis of the ‘division of linguistic labour’ has a striking application in the area of doctor–patient interaction: patients typically think of themselves as consumers of technical medical terms in the sense that they normally defer to health professionals’ explanations of meaning. It is at the same time well documented that patients tend to think they are entitled to understand lay health terms like ‘sickness’ and ‘illness’ in ways that do not necessarily correspond to health professionals’ understanding. Drawing (...)
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  5.  24
    The importance of knowing how to talk about illness without applying the concept of illness.Halvor Nordby - 2004 - Nursing Philosophy 5 (1):30-40.
    The paper explores consequences of applying the view that illness is negative first‐person experience in caring practice. The main reason this is an important issue is that it is empirically documented that patients conceive of illness in different ways. Communicating about illness in caring practice can therefore involve difficulties. I argue that many of these difficulties can be avoided if nurses focus directly on the extension of the concept of illness – patients’ experiences like the state of being in pain (...)
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  6. Should paramedics ever accept patients' refusal of treatment or further assessment?Halvor Nordby - 2013 - BMC Medical Ethics 14 (1):1-5.
    BackgroundThis case report discusses an ethical communication dilemma in prehospital patient interaction, involving a patient who was about to board a plane at a busy airport. The article argues that the situation raised dilemmas about communication, patient autonomy and paternalism. Paramedics should be able to find good solutions to these dilemmas, but they have not received much attention in the literature on prehospital ambulance work.Case presentationThe patient had chest pains that were consistent with serious heart disease, but she wanted to (...)
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  7.  40
    Doctor–patient-interaction is non-holistic.Halvor Nordby - 2003 - Medicine, Health Care and Philosophy 6 (2):145-152.
    In recent philosophy of mind a non-holistic view on concept possession, originally developed by Tyler Burge, has emerged as an alternative to holistic analyses of language mastery. The article discusses the implications of this view for analyses of communication in doctor—patient-interaction. The central question Burge's theory gives an answer to is this: to what extent must a doctor and a patient understand a medical term in the same way in order to communicate in the sense that they express the same (...)
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  8.  18
    Social simulation theory: a framework to explain nurses' understanding of patients' experiences of ill‐health.Halvor Nordby - 2016 - Nursing Inquiry 23 (3):232-243.
    A fundamental aim in caring practice is to understand patients' experiences of ill‐health. These experiences have a qualitative content and cannot, unlike thoughts and beliefs with conceptual content, directly be expressed in words. Nurses therefore face a variety of interpretive challenges when they aim to understand patients' subjective perspectives on disease and illness. The article argues that theories on social simulation can shed light on how nurses manage to meet these challenges. The core assumption of social simulationism is that we (...)
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  9.  42
    The meaning of illness in nursing practice: a philosophical model of communication and concept possession.Halvor Nordby - 2016 - Nursing Philosophy 17 (2):103-118.
    It is fundamental assumption in nursing theory that it is important for nurses to understand how patients experience states of ill health. This assumption is often related to aims of empathic understanding, but normative principles of social interpretation can have an important action‐guiding role whenever nurses seek to understand patients’ subjective horizons on the basis of active or passive expressions of meaning. The aim of this article is to present a philosophical theory of concept possession and to argue that it (...)
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  10.  32
    Meaning and normativity in nurse–patient interaction.Halvor Nordby - 2007 - Nursing Philosophy 8 (1):16-27.
    It is a fundamental assumption in nursing theory that it is important for nurses to understand how patients think about themselves and the contexts they are in. According to modern theories of hermeneutics, a nurse and a patient must share the same concepts in order to communicate beliefs with the same content. But nurses and patients seldom understand medical concepts in exactly the same way, so how can this communicative aim be achieved in interaction involving medical concepts? The article uses (...)
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  11.  14
    Art and Radical Interpretation.Halvor Nordby - 2005 - Nordic Journal of Aesthetics 17 (31).
  12.  4
    Begrepsbeherskelse og oppfatningstilskrivelser.Halvor Nordby - 2005 - Norsk Filosofisk Tidsskrift 40 (2):116-123.
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  13.  20
    Contradictory Beliefs and Cognitive Access.Halvor Nordby - 2003 - SATS 4 (1):116-127.
  14. Davidson on social externalism.Halvor Nordby - 2005 - Pacific Philosophical Quarterly 86 (1):88-94.
    A central premise in Tyler Burge's argument for social externalism says that an incomplete understanding can be sufficient for concept possession. Burge claims that this premise is grounded in ordinary practices of giving psychological explanations. On the basis of an extended version of Burge's 'arthritis' case Donald Davidson has argued that this claim is false. The paper argues that Davidson's argument is unconvincing. A closer analysis of Davidson's extended 'arthritis' case shows that the belief ascriptions Davidson focuses on actually support (...)
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  15.  24
    Ethics in Paramedic Services: Patients’ Right to Make Their Own Choices in a Pre-hospital Setting.Halvor Nordby - 2014 - Journal of Clinical Research and Bioethics 5 (2).
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  16.  5
    Foundations of health care: ethical dilemmas and communicative challenges.Halvor Nordby - 2009 - [Oslo]: Unipub.
    This book is a collection of articles about communication and ethics in the field of medicine and health care. Common to all the articles is that they are not directly based on empirical investigations. The discussions refer to research, but this is research that has already been carried out and documented in existing literature. In this sense the articles belong to what is often called applied philosophy. All the articles address communicative and ethical challenges in patient interaction on the basis (...)
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  17.  25
    Mental Content Externalism and Social Understanding.Halvor Nordby - 2012 - Open Journal of Philosophy 2 (1):1-9.
    Tyler Burge has in many writings distinguished between mental content externalism based on incorrect understanding and mental content externalism based on partial but not incorrect understanding. Both and have far-reaching implications for analyses of communication and concept possession in various expert-layperson relations, but Burge and his critics have mainly focused on . This article first argues that escapes the most influential objection to . I then raise an objection against Burge’s argument for . The objection focuses on Burge’s claim that (...)
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  18.  16
    Management Communication in Leadership Relations: A Philosophical Model of Understanding and Contextual Agreement.Halvor Nordby - 2014 - Philosophy of Management 13 (2):75-100.
    It has been a fundamental assumption in management theory that communication is a key condition for successful management. This assumption has been linked to Habermas’ model of communicative rationality, but it is very difficult for managers to implement this model in real-life leadership relations. The reason is that practical obstacles, resource limitations and knowledge gaps make it impossible to achieve Habermas’ ideal aim of ‘shared horizons’. The article argues that it is possible for managers to meet fundamental communication conditions in (...)
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  19.  20
    Nurse–patient communication: language mastery and concept possession.Halvor Nordby - 2006 - Nursing Inquiry 13 (1):64-72.
    Influential holistic analyses of patient perspectives assume that the concepts that patients associate with medical terms are formed by their total social and cultural contexts. Holistic analyses presuppose conceptual role semantics in the sense that they imply that a medical term must have the same role for a nurse and a patient in order for them to associate the same concept with the term. In recent philosophy of mind, social externalism has emerged as a non‐holistic alternative to conceptual role theories. (...)
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  20. (1 other version)Skepticism and internalism.Halvor Nordby - 2009 - Canadian Journal of Philosophy 39 (1):pp. 35-54.
    The skeptical Dream argument appeals to the possibility of dreaming. The skeptic holds that states of being awake are subjectively indistinguishable from possible dream states and that this means that we do not know that we are awake. This, the skeptic then claims, means that we have to accept that we do not have external world knowledge.It is natural to assume that there must be a connection between the Dream argument and epistemic internalism, the view that a belief is justified (...)
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  21.  12
    The Holism Argument against ‘Modern Philosophy of Mind’.Halvor Nordby - 2006 - SATS 7 (1).
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  22.  41
    The importance of reliable information exchange in emergency practices: a misunderstanding that was uncovered before it was too late.Halvor Nordby - 2015 - BMC Medical Ethics 16 (1):1-6.
    BackgroundMany medical emergency practices are regulated by written procedures that normally provide reliable guidelines for action. In some cases, however, the consequences of following rule-based instructions can have unintended negative consequences. The article discusses a case - described on a type level - where the consequences of following a rule formulation could have been fatal.Case presentationA weak and elderly patient has cardiac arrest, and a Do Not Resuscitate clause is written in the patient’s medical record. Paramedics at the scene cannot (...)
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  23.  7
    Wittgenstein om drømmehypotesen og regelfølging.Halvor Nordby - 2002 - Norsk Filosofisk Tidsskrift 37 (3):181-188.
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