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Helge Kragh [136]Helge S. Kragh [2]
  1.  12
    From Transuranic to Superheavy Elements: A Story of Dispute and Creation.Helge Kragh - 2018 - Cham: Springer Verlag.
    The story of superheavy elements - those at the very end of the periodic table - is not well known outside the community of heavy-ion physicists and nuclear chemists. But it is a most interesting story which deserves to be known also to historians, philosophers, and sociologists of science and indeed to the general public. This is what the present work aims at. It tells the story or rather parts of the story, of how physicists and chemists created elements heavier (...)
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  2.  74
    (1 other version)“The Most Philosophically Important of All the Sciences”: Karl Popper and Physical Cosmology.Helge Kragh - 2013 - Perspectives on Science 21 (3):325-357.
    While Karl Popper’s philosophy of science has only few followers among modern philosophers, it is easily the view of science with the biggest impact on practicing scientists. According to Peter Medawar, Nobel laureate and eminent physiologist, Popper was the greatest authority ever on the scientific method. He praised the “great strength of Karl Popper’s conception of the scientific process,” a main reason for the praise being “that it is realistic—it gives a pretty fair picture of what goes on in real (...)
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  3. Contemporary History of Cosmology and the Controversy over the Multiverse.Helge Kragh - 2009 - Annals of Science 66 (4):529-551.
    Summary Cosmology has always been different from other areas of the natural sciences. Although an observationally supported standard model of the universe emerged in the 1960s, more speculative models and conceptions continued to attract attention. During the last decade, ideas of multiple universes (the ‘multiverse’) based on anthropic reasoning have become very popular among cosmologists and theoretical physicists. This had led to a major debate within the scientific community of the epistemic standards of modern cosmology. Is the multiverse a scientific (...)
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  4.  68
    Conceptions of Cosmos: From Myths to the Accelerating Universe: A History of Cosmology.Helge Kragh - 2006 - Oxford University Press.
    This book presents the history of how the universe at large became the object of scientific understanding. Starting with the ancient creation myths, it offers an integrated and comprehensive account of cosmology that covers all major events from Aristotle's Earth-centred cosmos to the recent discovery of the accelearting universe.
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  5.  19
    The periodic system and the idea of a chemical element: From Mendeleev to superheavy elements.Helge Kragh - 2019 - Centaurus 61 (4):329-344.
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  6.  40
    Conceptual Changes in Chemistry: The Notion of a Chemical Element, ca. 1900–1925.Helge Kragh - 2000 - Studies in History and Philosophy of Science Part B: Studies in History and Philosophy of Modern Physics 31 (4):435-450.
  7.  46
    Who discovered the expanding universe?Helge Kragh & Robert W. Smith - 2003 - History of Science 41 (2):141-162.
  8.  75
    The Vortex Atom: A Victorian Theory of Everything.Helge Kragh - 2002 - Centaurus 44 (1-2):32-114.
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  9. Cosmology and Theology.Hans Halvorson & Helge Kragh - 2011 - Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy.
  10.  67
    (1 other version)Testability and epistemic shifts in modern cosmology.Helge Kragh - 2014 - Studies in History and Philosophy of Science Part B: Studies in History and Philosophy of Modern Physics 46 (1):48-56.
    During the last decade new developments in theoretical and speculative cosmology have reopened the old discussion of cosmology's scientific status and the more general question of the demarcation between science and non-science. The multiverse hypothesis, in particular, is central to this discussion and controversial because it seems to disagree with methodological and epistemic standards traditionally accepted in the physical sciences. But what are these standards and how sacrosanct are they? Does anthropic multiverse cosmology rest on evaluation criteria that conflict with (...)
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  11.  32
    Magic Number: A Partial History of the Fine-Structure Constant.Helge Kragh - 2003 - Archive for History of Exact Sciences 57 (5):395-431.
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  12.  54
    Erwin Schrödinger and the Wave Equation: The Crucial Phase.Helge Kragh - 1982 - Centaurus 26 (2):154-197.
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  13. On Scientific Biography and Biographies of Scientists.Helge Kragh - 2015 - In Ana Simões, Jürgen Renn & Theodore Arabatzis (eds.), Relocating the History of Science: Essays in Honor of Kostas Gavroglu. Springer Verlag.
     
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  14.  25
    Julius Thomsen and classical thermochemistry.Helge Kragh - 1984 - British Journal for the History of Science 17 (3):255-272.
    Classical thermochemistry is inextricably bound up with the problem of chemical affinity. In 1851, when Julius Thomsen began his career in thermochemistry, the concept of chemical affinity had been in the centre of chemical enquiry for more than a century. In spite of many suggestions, preferably to explain affinity in terms of electrical or gravitational forces, almost nothing was known about the cause and nature of affinity. In this state of puzzling uncertainty some chemists felt it more advantageous to establish (...)
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  15.  20
    On Modern Cosmology and its Place in Science Education.Helge Kragh - 2011 - Science & Education 20 (3-4):343-357.
  16.  28
    Anatomy of a Priority Conflict: The Case of Element 72.Helge Kragh - 1980 - Centaurus 23 (4):275-301.
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  17.  18
    Concept and Controversy: Jean Becquerel and the Positive Electron.Helge Kragh - 1989 - Centaurus 32 (2):203-240.
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  18.  29
    The Concept of the Monopole. A Historical and Analytical Case-Study.Helge Kragh - 1981 - Studies in History and Philosophy of Science Part A 12 (2):141.
  19.  24
    Fifteen years of the history of science in Europe: Personal reflections by the ESHS presidents.Koen Vermeir, Claude Debru, Robert Fox, Eberhard Knobloch, Helge Kragh, Soňa Štrbáňová, Fabio Bevilacqua, Karine Chemla & Antoni Malet - 2018 - Centaurus 60 (1-2):104-123.
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  20.  37
    Julius Thomsen and 19th-century speculations on the complexity of atoms.Helge Kragh - 1982 - Annals of Science 39 (1):37-60.
    SummaryIn the history of chemistry, the Danish chemist Julius Thomsen (1826–1909) is best known for his contributions to thermochemistry. Throughout his life, he was a pronounced atomist and a tireless advocate of neo-Proutian views as to the constitution of matter. On many occasions, especially in his later years, he engaged in speculations concerning the unity of matter and the complexity of atoms. In this engagement, Thomsen was alone in Danish chemistry, but his works were representative of a large number of (...)
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  21.  32
    From time atoms to space-time quantization: the idea of discrete time, ca 1925–1936.Helge Kragh & Bruno Carazza - 1994 - Studies in History and Philosophy of Science Part A 25 (3):437-462.
  22.  65
    The Solar Element: A Reconsideration of Helium's Early History.Helge Kragh - 2009 - Annals of Science 66 (2):157-182.
    Summary Apart from hydrogen, helium is the most abundant chemical element in the universe, and yet it was only discovered on the Earth in 1895. Its early history is unique because it encompasses astronomy as well as chemistry, two sciences which the spectroscope brought into contact during the second half of the nineteenth century. In the modest form of a yellow spectral line known as D3, ‘helium’ was sometimes supposed to exist in the Sun's atmosphere, an idea which is traditionally (...)
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  23.  9
    Cyclic Models of the Relativistic Universe: The Early History.Helge Kragh - 2018 - In David E. Rowe, Tilman Sauer & Scott A. Walter (eds.), Beyond Einstein: Perspectives on Geometry, Gravitation, and Cosmology in the Twentieth Century. New York, USA: Springer New York. pp. 183-204.
    Relativistic models of an expanding universe followed by contraction, or a big bang followed by a big crunch, were first proposed by A. Friedmann in 1922 and nine years later by A. Einstein. In the period ca. 1922–1960, the more speculative idea of a large and possibly infinite number of cycles was discussed by R. Tolman in particular. To some cosmologists, the idea was philosophically appealing because it seemed to justify an eternal yet dynamic universe without an absolute beginning in (...)
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  24.  31
    Georges Lemaître, Pioneer of Modern Theoretical Cosmology.Helge Kragh - 2018 - Foundations of Physics 48 (10):1333-1348.
    No other scientist may have had a greater impact on modern cosmology than the Belgian physicist, astronomer and priest Georges Lemaître. In 1927 he predicted the expansion of the universe on the basis of the cosmological field equations; and four years later he proposed what he called the primeval-atom hypothesis, the first version of the later big bang universe. In all his work on cosmology the cosmological constant Λ played a significant role. A recognized expert in the theory of general (...)
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  25.  15
    A Controversial Molecule: The Early History of Triatomic Hydrogen.Helge Kragh - 2011 - Centaurus 53 (4):257-279.
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  26.  17
    The electrical universe: Grand cosmological theory versus mundane experiments.Helge Kragh - 1997 - Perspectives on Science 5 (2):199-231.
    This article examines in detail a remarkable but short-lived cosmological theory of 1959. The theory depended crucially on a hypothesis that could be, and was, tested in the laboratory. I use the case to discuss the nature of testing in cosmology and to argue against ideas about astronomy suggested by Ian Hacking. The case of the electrical universe exemplifies how disagreements can be settled by good experiments and also how experiments of wide-ranging theoretical significance need not be biased by either (...)
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  27. The first subatomic explanations of the periodic system.Helge Kragh - 2001 - Foundations of Chemistry 3 (2):129-143.
    Attempts to explain the periodic system as a manifestation of regularities in the structure of the atoms of the elements are as old as the system itself. The paper analyses some of the most important of these attempts, in particular such works that are historically connected with the recognition of the electron as a fundamental building block of all matter. The history of the periodic system, the discovery of the electron, and ideas of early atomic structure are closely interwoven and (...)
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  28. Between physics and chemistry: Helmholtz's route to a theory of chemical thermodynamics.Helge Kragh - 1993 - In David Cahan (ed.), Hermann Von Helmholtz and the Foundations of Nineteenth-Century Science. University of California Press. pp. 403--431.
  29.  19
    The Beginning of the World: Georges Lemaître and the Expanding Universe.Helge Kragh - 1987 - Centaurus 30 (2):114-139.
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  30.  21
    ‘Let the stars shine in peace!’ Niels Bohr and stellar energy, 1929–1934.Helge Kragh - 2017 - Annals of Science 74 (2):126-148.
    SUMMARYFaced with various anomalies related to nuclear physics in particular, in 1929 Niels Bohr suggested that energy might not be conserved in the atomic nucleus and the processes involving it. By this radical proposal he hoped not only to get rid of the anomalies but also saw a possibility to explain a puzzle in astrophysics, namely the energy generated by stars. Bohr repeated his suggestion of stellar energy arising ex nihilo on several occasions but without ever going into detail. In (...)
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  31. Vedkommende videnskabsteori.Hanne Andersen, Louis Klostergaard, Henrik Knudsen, Helge Kragh, Keld Nielsen, Kurt Mã¸Ller Pedersen & Henrik Kragh Sã¸Rensen - 2009 - Aktuel Naturvidenskab (1):32--35.
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  32.  39
    Mathematics and Physics: The Idea of a Pre-Established Harmony.Helge Kragh - 2015 - Science & Education 24 (5-6):515-527.
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  33.  6
    Classical Behavior of Macroscopic Bodies from Quantum Principles: Early Discussions.Bruno Carazza & Helge Kragh - 2000 - Archive for History of Exact Sciences 55 (1):43-56.
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  34.  35
    Arthur March, Werner Heisenberg, and the search for a smallest length/Arthur March, Werner Heisenberg, et la notion de longueur minimale.Helge Kragh - 1995 - Revue d'Histoire des Sciences 48 (4):401-434.
  35.  18
    Before cosmophysics: E.A. Milne on mathematics and physics.Helge Kragh & Simon Rebsdorf - 2002 - Studies in History and Philosophy of Science Part B: Studies in History and Philosophy of Modern Physics 33 (1):35-50.
    This paper examines the thoughts and early career of the astrophysicist and cosmologist E. A. Milne. Although Milne only turned to cosmology in 1932, many of the ideas that characterised his heterodox system of world physics can be traced back to his works from the 1920s. Contrary to what has been stated in the literature, we argue that Milne was familiar with and interested in cosmology even before 1932. The relationship between mathematics and physics, an important topic in Milne's cosmophysics, (...)
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  36. The electron, the protyle, and the unity of matter.Helge Kragh - 2001 - In A. Warwick (ed.), Histories of the Electron: The Birth of Microphysics. MIT Press.
  37.  39
    Philosophical Contexts of the Steady-State Universe.Helge Kragh - 2022 - Hopos: The Journal of the International Society for the History of Philosophy of Science 12 (1):129-145.
    Modern standard big bang cosmology was preceded by a 15-year controversy with the rival steady-state theory of the universe. At a time when cosmologically relevant observations were scarce and cosmology was widely regarded as an immature science, or not a science at all, much of the debate took place by means of arguments that were essentially philosophical. Remarkably, professional philosophers, including some of the key figures of Anglo-American philosophy of science, took an active part in the debate; no less remarkably, (...)
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  38.  16
    A terminological history of early elementary particle physics.Helge Kragh - 2023 - Archive for History of Exact Sciences 77 (1):73-120.
    By 1933, the class of generally accepted elementary particles comprised the electron, the photon, the proton as well as newcomers in the shape of the neutron, the positron, and the neutrino. During the following decade, a new and poorly understood particle, the mesotron or meson, was added to the list. By paying close attention to the names of these and other particles and to the sometimes controversial proposals of names, a novel perspective on this well-researched line of development is offered. (...)
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  39. Sommerfeld, the quantum, and the problem approach to physics: Suman Seth: Crafting the quantum: Arnold Sommerfeld and the practice of theory, 1890–1926. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 2010, viii+378 pp, US $32.00 HB.Helge Kragh - 2011 - Metascience 20 (1):87-90.
    In the early phase of the new history of physics that emerged at about 1970 and was pioneered by John Heilbron, Thomas Kuhn, Paul Forman, and others, the quantum and atomic theories of the first three decades of the twentieth century played a central role. Since then, interest in the area has continued, but for the last few decades at a slower rate. While other areas of the new physics—such as the general theory of relativity—have attracted much attention, only relatively (...)
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  40.  18
    Preludes to dark energy: zero-point energy and vacuum speculations.Helge Kragh - 2012 - Archive for History of Exact Sciences 66 (3):199-240.
    According to modern physics and cosmology, the universe expands at an increasing rate as the result of a “dark energy” that characterizes empty space. Although dark energy is a modern concept, some elements in it can be traced back to the early part of the twentieth century. I examine the origin of the idea of zero-point energy, and in particular how it appeared in a cosmological context in a hypothesis proposed by Walther Nernst in 1916. The hypothesis of a zero-point (...)
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  41.  63
    Adolfo Bartoli and the problem of radiant heat.Bruno Carazza & Helge Kragh - 1989 - Annals of Science 46 (2):183-194.
    In 1876 the Italian physicist and physical chemist Adolfo Bartoli discussed a thought experiment in which he connected the second law of thermodynamics with the hypothetical pressure of radiation. Bartoli's work, published in Italian, exerted some influence on the subsequent development of black-body theory and light pressure research. This influence was mainly due to Boltzmann, who came to the Stefan-Boltzmann radiation law via a reworking of Bartoli's thought experiment. However, contrary to what is usually assumed, Bartoli was himself reluctant to (...)
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  42.  13
    An anthropic myth: Fred Hoyle’s carbon-12 resonance level.Helge Kragh - 2010 - Archive for History of Exact Sciences 64 (6):721-751.
    The case of Fred Hoyle’s prediction of a resonance state in carbon-12, unknown in 1953 when it was predicted, is often mentioned as an example of anthropic prediction. However, an investigation of the historical circumstances of the prediction and its subsequent experimental confirmation shows that Hoyle and his contemporaries did not associate the level in the carbon nucleus with life. Only in the 1980s, after the emergence of the anthropic principle, did it become common to see Hoyle’s prediction as anthropically (...)
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  43.  9
    A Short History of Scientific Thought - by John Henry.Helge Kragh - 2012 - Centaurus 54 (3):250-251.
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  44.  9
    Before quantum chemistry: Erich Huckel and the physics-chemistry interface.Helge Kragh - 2001 - Centaurus 43 (1):1-16.
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  45.  12
    Bohr’s quantum philosophy: On the shoulder of a giant?Helge Kragh - 1992 - Danish Yearbook of Philosophy 27 (1):109-118.
  46.  7
    Bohr’s Quantum Philosophy.Helge Kragh - 2016 - Science & Education 25 (7-8):937-938.
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  47.  10
    Chemistry and Technology.Helge S. Kragh - 2012 - In Jan Kyrre Berg Olsen Friis, Stig Andur Pedersen & Vincent F. Hendricks (eds.), A Companion to the Philosophy of Technology. Malden, MA: Wiley-Blackwell. pp. 123–127.
    This chapter contains sections titled: References and Further Reading.
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  48.  18
    Conceptual Developments of Twentieth-Century Field Theories. Tian Yu Cao.Helge Kragh - 1998 - Isis 89 (1):151-152.
  49.  27
    Chemical elements, discoveries, and disputes: Eric Scerri: A tale of 7 elements. New York: Oxford University Press, 2013, xxxiii+270pp, $19.95, £12.99 HB.Helge Kragh - 2013 - Metascience 23 (2):373-375.
    Among the subjects that attract historians of chemistry and philosophers of chemistry alike are the chemical elements and their classification within the periodic system. In 2007, Eric Scerri, a distinguished philosopher of the chemical sciences, published The Periodic Table (Oxford University Press), a comprehensive and critical account of the subject. He describes the present work as “a follow-up book,” and a few of the chapters are indeed condensed versions of chapters appearing in the 2007 book. Nonetheless, A Tale of 7 (...)
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  50.  15
    Commentary 01 on Lilley 1953 and Truesdell 1970.Helge Kragh - 2008 - Centaurus 50 (1-2):19-20.
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