We examined a largely ignored but imperative dimension of safety literature by testing the impact of ethical leadership style on organizational safety performance. We also tested dual mediating paths of safety culture and safety consciousness in the relationship between ethical leadership style and organizational safety consciousness. Data were collected from a large public sector telecom company in Pakistan. Confirmatory factor analysis was used to assess the reliability and validity of the study scales and model fit. Preacher and Hayes’s macro of (...) mediation was employed to test the direct and indirect paths proposed in the study. The findings suggest that ethical leadership has a positive impact on organizational safety performance. Partial mediating roles of safety culture and safety consciousness were also found between the dependent and independent variables. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed. (shrink)

Averroes, considered to be the greatest Aristotelian commentator in the Middle Ages, has written three different types of commentary on almost all the works of this great philosopher: short, middle and long. These commentaries have been translated into Latin and Hebrew in the early period, and profoundly influenced both Medieval Europe and Jewish thought for centuries. The effect of Averroes in the West was to spread the whole of Europe under the name of Latin Averroism. The text what you have (...) consists of some remarks about the translation of the commentary on the ‘Book Alpha Meizon’, the second book of Averroes’ Tafsīr Mā Ba’d at-Tabī’a. (shrink)

The Turing Test is one of the most disputed topics in artificial intelligence, philosophy of mind, and cognitive science. This paper is a review of the past 50 years of the Turing Test. Philosophical debates, practical developments and repercussions in related disciplines are all covered. We discuss Turing's ideas in detail and present the important comments that have been made on them. Within this context, behaviorism, consciousness, the `other minds' problem, and similar topics in philosophy of mind are discussed. We (...) also cover the sociological and psychological aspects of the Turing Test. Finally, we look at the current situation and analyze programs that have been developed with the aim of passing the Turing Test. We conclude that the Turing Test has been, and will continue to be, an influential and controversial topic. (shrink)

Our study aims to deal with different and similar conditions between Ghazzali and Kant, as characters at whom can show two different thinking form and two different cultural structure in their thoughts, in the context of the same subject. The article investigates the stages of these two thinkers approaches to the topic of transcendental dialectic and tries to display that why and how two different cultural worlds incline to this subject.

Problem of the existence of God and His relation to the world and human being is seen as one of quite old and main problems of philosophy. Though the existence of God and His essence as a knowledge subject is related to a transcendent being over this universe, human being can find rules made by Him in physical world in which stands. The concept of God constitutes one of the most involved points of Descartes’ philosophy. In fact, for Descartes, who (...) built his philosophy on physical bases or mechanical world, to place God as condition to his metaphysics originates from the conception that if God does not exist a being does not. In this paper, we will try to explain the relation of God and human and the world in Descartes’ philosophy. (shrink)

Although the first thing coming to mind when called Alghazali is theologian celebrated for criticism of philosophy, we only will not mention his critical thinking. It can be thought that this famous thinker of Islamic world has purely attempted to criticism of metaphysics but in our opinion this is not exactly true. With reference to traditional commentaries on Alghazali is not quite well, we desire to try in order to show a reliable approach. In this paper we will argue whether (...) or not the coherence of some commentaries on Alghazali such as destruction philosophy, inhibition to the intellectual development, prohibition to scientific and ideational advancement and so on. (shrink)

Hiçbir bilim dalında, yazar, felsefe ve mantıkta yapabildiği kadarıyla, güvenilir araştırma sonuçlarını böylesine fütursuzca hiçe sayamaz. Bu durum için, Bay Coffey’in Mantık Bilimi gibi böyle bir kitabın yayınlanmasına borçluyuz: ve yalnızca, günümüzün pek çok mantıkçısının eserinin tipik bir örneği olarak, bu kitap saygıyı hak ediyor. Yazarın mantık anlayışı Skolastik filozoflarınki gibidir, ve onların bütün hatalarını yapıyor – elbette Aristoteles’e alışılageldik gönderilerle.. Yazar, modern matematiksel mantıkçıların büyük eserini hiç dikkate almamış – mantık konusunda bir ilerleme kaydeden eser, ancak astrolojisiz astronomi ve (...) simyasız kimya yapan bir şeyle karşılaştırılabilir. (shrink)

Ali Tekin, Varlık ve Akıl: Aristoteles ve Fârâbî’de Burhan Teorisi [Being and Intellect: Theory of Demonstration in Aristotle and al-Fārābī], 477 pp.

Here, in this research article, we have investigated an incompressible viscoelastic fluid flow over a uniform stretching surface sheet along with slip boundary conditions in the presence of porous media. The partial differential equations which govern the fluid flow are changed into ordinary differential equations through suitable similarity transformation variables. Finally, the transformed ordinary differential equations are solved with the help of a seminumerical technique known as the homotopy analysis method. The uniqueness of our study is not only to analyze (...) and carry out the effect of the elastic parameter but also to account for viscous dissipation which is important in the case of optically transparent flow. The novel effects for the parameters which affect the flow and heat transfer, such as the Eckert number, porous medium parameter, and the velocity slip parameter, are studied through graphs. Also, the convergence analysis for the proposed method is addressed. Additionally, for the sake of validation, the present work is also compared with the already published work and an outstanding agreement is found. (shrink)

In the Islamic philosophical tradition, it seems that the image of woman has not been studied very much and the role of woman has hardly ever mentioned. First, we will briefly explain why we chose the concept of imagination. Afterward, from which sources the Islamic philosophical tradition has formed its concepts, and as a result, we would try to talk about where it established philosophy, whether it was theoretical or practical. Finally, we want to finish the subject by giving examples (...) from the fact of women in Islamic philosophical tradition. (shrink)

Our study aims to deal with different and similar conditions between Ghazali and Kant, as characters that can show two different thinking forms and two different cultural structures in their thoughts, in context of the same subject. We will deal with why and how that the approaches of both thinkers to the subject transcendental dialectic occur by passing through which stages and try to display that both cultural world incline to this subject by which aim.Çalışmamız iki ayrı düşünme biçimi ve (...) iki ayrı kültürel yapıyı düşüncelerinde gösterebilen kişilikler olarak Gazali ve Kant arasındaki benzer ve ayrık durumları aynı konu bağlamında ele almak amacındadır. Her iki düşünürün de aşkınsal diyalektik konusuna yaklaşımının hangi aşamalardan geçerek gerçekleştiğini, niçini ve nasılı ile birlikte ele alacak ve her iki kültür dünyasının hangi amaç ile bu konuya eğildiklerini göstermeye çalışacağız. (shrink)

In the basis of the subject which we try to deal with, it stands two worldviews based on expository and demonstrative epistemologies that formalize the intellectual building of Islamic culture. It seems that the main point here is about discussions between exposition and demonstration. Methodological discussions enlighten how are used on the one hand exposition as religious method and on the other hand demonstration as rational or intellectual method. Keywords: , , , , ,.

Abortion is the most common and controversial issue in many parts of the world. Approximately 46 million abortions are performed worldwide every year. The world ratio is 26 induced abortions per 100 known pregnancies. Pakistan has an estimated abortion rate of 29 abortions per 1,000 women of reproductive age, despite the procedure being illegal except to save a woman’s life. 890,000 abortions are performed annually in Pakistan. Many government and non-government organizations are working on the issue of abortion. Muslim jurists (...) are unanimous in declaring that after the fetus is completely formed and has been given a soul, abortion is haram (forbidden). (shrink)

Bu yazıda, en eski felsefe disiplini ve bilimlerin kraliçesi olan metafizik konusunda, onun aklın sınırları içerisinde niçin anlaşıla-maz olduğu hakkında Kant’ın çözümlemelerinin kavramsal zemini üzerinde durulacaktır. Kant’a göre, metafiziksel yargılar, kendilerini mantıksal diye ifade ederek gerçekliğin bilgisini verdikleri savını dile getirirler. Yine de bu durum, yanılsama mantığından başka bir şey değildir. Metafizikle mantık arasındaki ilişkinin gerçek değil de kavramsal yapıya sahip olması, onun bir yanılsamadan oluştuğunu ifade eder.

Bu yazıda Anaksagoras’ın Fragmanlar’ı içeriliyor. Anaksagoras, yönetici bir güç olarak nous kozmolojik nous kavramını felsefeye sokmakla meşhurdur. Anaksagoras, yaratıcı kaostan mevcut düzenlere geçiş sürecindeki ortamların açıklamasını vermeye çabalamıştır. Soğuk hava ile sıcak eter arasındaki bölümleme, birarada olmanın büyüsünü bozmuştur. Soğuğun artmasıyla birlikte, biçimlendirici suyu, yeri ve kayaları meydana getirmiştir. Havada yüzmeye devam eden yaşam tohumları yağmurlarla nakledilmişler ve bitkileri oluşturmuşlardır. İnsanda içinde olmak üzere canlılar, sıcak ve nemli topraktan ortaya çıkmışlardır. Varlıkların en saygın olanı, öyleyse nous yani zihindir.

I will try to explain in the context of the Matrix and philosophy what the truth is and whether there is the free will or not. Everyone wants to know the truth, but no one clearly explains what it is. The matrix is the desert of the truth and human mind remains therein thirsty. Can we know that we are alive or dead, that is to say, what is the difference between reality and imagination? Never can this problem only be (...) solved by our minds? So long as we try to arrive at necessity, we absolutely remain in possibility. (shrink)

Ele almaya çalıştığımız konunun temelinde, İslâm kültürünün düşünce yapısını şekillendiren beyânî ve burhânî epistemolojilere dayanan iki dünya görüşü bulunur. Buradaki temel noktanın beyân ile burhân arasındaki tartışmalarla ilgili olduğu görülür. Yöntem tartışmaları bir yandan dinsel bir yöntem olarak beyânın ve diğer yandan akıl ya da düşünce yöntemi olarak burhânın nasıl kullanıldığını açığa çıkarır.

Bizim bu yazıda bahsetmeye çalıştığımız konu, daha çok metaontolojik ya da metafizik alan üzerinde yoğunlaşacaktır. Nesnelerin kendinde varlığını bilemesek bile, en azından, dile gelmeyen bir şeylerden bahsediyoruz. Öyleyse bilemediğimiz alana ait yargılarımızın, bildiğimiz olgular alanıyla ilişkisi dolayısıyla az çok yorumlanabileceğini göz ardı etmememiz gerekir. Kendinde dünyanın yani numenin anlamını somut dünya tasarımıyla elde etmeye çabalamanın boşuna olacağı kesindir. Ancak bu durum, numen dünyasının araştırılmaması ve kendinde varlık alanının ne olduğu konusunda düşünmeye son verilmesi gerektiği manasını taşımaz. Çünkü somut dünya tasarımımızda (...) sürekli değişen ve her değiştiğinde de anlamını değiştiren bir durum söz konusudur. (shrink)

Descartes, kuşkuculuğu gerçeklik arayışında bir yöntem olarak kullanır ve ardından gerçekliğin bilgisine bir sezgisel önerme olan cogito düşüncesi ile ulaşır. Zihnin kendini kavrayışı, benliğin düşünmekten kesilemeyeceğinden hareketle ileri sürülür ve bu düşünce ise zihinde kavramsal olarak içerilmiş bulunan Tanrının varlığıyla temellendirilir. Tanrı, zihni kuşkudan kurtaran ve ona gerçek varlığını gösteren en yetkin varlık olarak ifade edilir.

Our study aims to deal with different and similar conditions between Ghazali and Kant, as characters that can show two different thinking forms and two different cultural structures in their thoughts, in context of the same subject. We will deal with why and how that the approaches of both thinkers to the subject transcendental dialectic occur by passing through which stages and try to display that both cultural world incline to this subject by which aim.Çalışmamız iki ayrı düşünme biçimi ve (...) iki ayrı kültürel yapıyı düşüncelerinde gösterebilen kişilikler olarak Gazali ve Kant arasındaki benzer ve ayrık durumları aynı konu bağlamında ele almak amacındadır. Her iki düşünürün de aşkınsal diyalektik konusuna yaklaşımının hangi aşamalardan geçerek gerçekleştiğini, niçini ve nasılı ile birlikte ele alacak ve her iki kültür dünyasının hangi amaç ile bu konuya eğildiklerini göstermeye çalışacağız. (shrink)

Descartes uses skepticism as a method in the search for truth and afterwards he arrives at the knowledge of truth by conception cogito, which is an intuitive proposition. Comprehension of the mind itself is asserted from which ego cannot be cut from thinking, and this conception is based on the existence of God who does exist to be contained in the mind conceptually. God is stated the most perfect being which does rescue mind from doubt and show its real being (...) it. (shrink)