Results for 'Information'

949 found
Order:
  1.  13
    Informal Logic referees 2011-2012.Informal Logic Editors - 2013 - Informal Logic 33 (1):80.
    The Editors express their gratitude and appreciation to the indi-viduals listed below who served as referees for Informal Logic for Volumes 31 (2011) and 32 (2012).
    Direct download (2 more)  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark  
  2.  14
    How Standpoint Methodology Informs.Methodology Informs - 2003 - In Stephen P. Turner & Paul Andrew Roth (eds.), The Blackwell Guide to the Philosophy of the Social Sciences. Malden, MA: Wiley-Blackwell. pp. 11--291.
    Direct download  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark  
  3.  11
    In Memoriam: Stephen Edelston Toulmin 1922-2009.Informal Logic - 2010 - Informal Logic 30 (1):120-121.
    Direct download (2 more)  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark  
  4.  17
    Blondel and our Times.Informations Catholiques Internationales - 1962 - Philosophy Today 6 (4):274-282.
    No categories
    Direct download (2 more)  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark  
  5. Altruism, religion, and health 411.Informal Sources of Helping Behaviors - 2007 - In Stephen Garrard Post (ed.), Altruism and Health: Perspectives From Empirical Research. Oup Usa.
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark  
  6.  63
    Argument Evaluation Contest.Informal Logic - 1989 - Informal Logic 11 (1):1.
    Direct download  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   1 citation  
  7.  20
    Formalizing the Dynamics of Information.Martina Faller, Stefan C. Kaufmann, Marc Pauly & Center for the Study of Language and Information S.) - 2000 - Center for the Study of Language and Information Publications.
    The papers collected in this volume exemplify some of the trends in current approaches to logic, language and computation. Written by authors with varied academic backgrounds, the contributions are intended for an interdisciplinary audience. The first part of this volume addresses issues relevant for multi-agent systems: reasoning with incomplete information, reasoning about knowledge and beliefs, and reasoning about games. Proofs as formal objects form the subject of Part II. Topics covered include: contributions on logical frameworks, linear logic, and different (...)
    Direct download  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   4 citations  
  8.  82
    Environmental information self-reported in listed firms’ annual reports: Risks of environmental commitment cliché, and a call for innovations.Minh-Hoang Nguyen, Phuong-Tri Nguyen & Quan-Hoang Vuong - manuscript
    Periodical reports are important information sources for investors and society to monitor, contribute to, and allocate resources to listed companies contributing to environmental sustainability. This article provides a preliminary investigation into environment-related information disclosure in annual reports of 61 representative companies in Vietnam, a country that has a rapidly developing stock market and is highly vulnerable to the impacts of climate change. It was found that although most of the companies’ reports disclosed the goals to pursue sustainability and (...)
    Direct download  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark  
  9. Information, physics, quantum: the search for links.John Archibald Wheeler - 1989 - In Wheeler John Archibald (ed.), Proceedings III International Symposium on Foundations of Quantum Mechanics. pp. 354-358.
    This report reviews what quantum physics and information theory have to tell us about the age-old question, How come existence? No escape is evident from four conclusions: (1) The world cannot be a giant machine, ruled by any preestablished continuum physical law. (2) There is no such thing at the microscopic level as space or time or spacetime continuum. (3) The familiar probability function or functional, and wave equation or functional wave equation, of standard quantum theory provide mere continuum (...)
    Direct download (2 more)  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   126 citations  
  10.  31
    Spiritual Intelligence: Processing Different Information or Processing Information Differently?.Marius Dorobantu & Fraser Watts - 2023 - Zygon 58 (3):732-748.
    This article introduces the concept of spiritual intelligence in terms of a natural human ability to take a different perspective on reality rather than an extraordinary ability to engage with a different/supernatural reality. From a cognitive perspective, spiritual intelligence entails a re‐balancing of the two main modes of human cognition, with a prioritization of the holistic‐intuitive mind over the conceptual one. From the psychological and phenomenological perspectives, it involves a different kind of engagement with information: slower, more participatory, less (...)
    Direct download (2 more)  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   1 citation  
  11.  14
    Mitigation of greenhouse gases (ghgs).Informal Waste Recyclers In Delhi - 2010 - In Irene Dankelman (ed.), Gender and Climate Change: An Introduction. Earthscan.
  12.  34
    In Memoriam.Informal Logic - 2023 - Informal Logic 43 (2):165.
    Direct download (3 more)  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark  
  13. Information Retrieval/Document Classification/QA/Summarization I-Query Similarity Computing Based on System Similarity Measurement.Chengzhi Xu Zhang & Xinning Su - 2006 - In O. Stock & M. Schaerf (eds.), Lecture Notes In Computer Science. Springer Verlag. pp. 42-50.
    No categories
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark  
  14.  34
    In memoriam: John Hoaglund 1936 – 2012.Informal Logic - 2012 - Informal Logic 32 (3):286-287.
    Direct download (2 more)  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark  
  15.  28
    The Machine in the Ghost: Transhumanism and the Ontology of Information.Michael Burdett & King-Ho Leung - 2023 - Zygon 58 (3):714-731.
    An ontology of information belies our common intuitions about reality today and animates and governs both explicit scholarly study in philosophy and the sciences as well as the ideologies that are growing out of them. Transhumanism is one such technoscientific ideology that holds to a very specific ontology of information which need not be the only one on offer. This article argues that the transhumanist ontology of information exhibits gnostic and docetic religious overtones in it and that (...)
    Direct download (2 more)  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   1 citation  
  16.  26
    2. Information Processing Systems Which Embody Computational Rules: The Connectionist Approach.Glyn W. Humphreys - 1986 - Mind and Language 1 (3):201-12.
  17. (1 other version)Information and the nature of reality: from physics to metaphysics.Paul Davies & Niels Henrik Gregersen (eds.) - 2010 - New York: Cambridge University Press.
    Many scientists regard mass and energy as the primary currency of nature. In recent years, however, the concept of information has gained importance. In this book, eminent scientists, philosophers, and theologians chart various aspects of information, from quantum information to biological and digital information, in order to understand how nature works. Beginning with a historical treatment of the topic, the book also examines physical and biological approaches to information, and the philosophical, theological, and ethical implications.
    Direct download  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   27 citations  
  18. Production, Information Costs, and Economic Organization.Armen Alchian, Harold Demsetz, Kenneth Arrow, Richard Edwards, Herbert Gintis & Michael C. Jensen - 1983 - Philosophy and Public Affairs 12 (4):354-368.
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   103 citations  
  19.  33
    A multichannel information-processing system is simpler and more easily tested.Thomas R. Zentall - 2002 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 25 (5):646-646.
    The dance metaphor for the communication between two organisms may be an appealing image because it appears to capture the intricate synchronization of their interaction; however, it is neither parsimonious nor easily tested. Instead, a multichannel information-processing model, even one that can process only serial events, provides all of the flexibility required to account for the complex temporal coordinated action observed.
    Direct download (5 more)  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark  
  20. Semantic information and the network theory of account.Luciano Floridi - 2012 - Synthese 184 (3):431-454.
    The article addresses the problem of how semantic information can be upgraded to knowledge. The introductory section explains the technical terminology and the relevant background. Section 2 argues that, for semantic information to be upgraded to knowledge, it is necessary and sufficient to be embedded in a network of questions and answers that correctly accounts for it. Section 3 shows that an information flow network of type A fulfils such a requirement, by warranting that the erotetic deficit, (...)
    Direct download (8 more)  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   25 citations  
  21.  53
    Temporal Interaction of Information and Belief.Giacomo Bonanno - 2007 - Studia Logica 86 (3):375-401.
    The temporal updating of an agent’s beliefs in response to a flow of information is modeled in a simple modal logic that, for every date t, contains a normal belief operator B t and a non-normal information operator I t which is analogous to the ‘only knowing’ operator discussed in the computer science literature. Soundness and completeness of the logic are proved and the relationship between the proposed logic, the AGM theory of belief revision and the notion of (...)
    Direct download (6 more)  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   6 citations  
  22.  35
    (1 other version)The Effect of Information Overlap on Communication Effectiveness.Shali Wu & Boaz Keysar - 2007 - Cognitive Science 31 (1):169-181.
    It makes sense that the more information people share, the better they communicate. To evaluate the effect of knowledge overlap on the effectiveness of communication, participants played a communication game where the “director” identified objects to the “addressee”. Pairs either shared information about most objects' names (high overlap), or about the minority of objects' names (low overlap). We found that high-overlap directors tended to use more names than low overlap directors. High overlap directors also used more names with (...)
    No categories
    Direct download (3 more)  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   18 citations  
  23. An information theoretical approach to prefrontal executive function.Etienne Koechlin & Christopher Summerfield - 2007 - Trends in Cognitive Sciences 11 (6):229-235.
  24. What is Shannon information?Olimpia Lombardi, Federico Holik & Leonardo Vanni - 2016 - Synthese 193 (7):1983-2012.
    Despite of its formal precision and its great many applications, Shannon’s theory still offers an active terrain of debate when the interpretation of its main concepts is the task at issue. In this article we try to analyze certain points that still remain obscure or matter of discussion, and whose elucidation contribute to the assessment of the different interpretative proposals about the concept of information. In particular, we argue for a pluralist position, according to which the different views about (...)
    Direct download (4 more)  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   27 citations  
  25.  21
    Exceptionalism, Information Categories and the Relevance of Gender.Ruth Chadwick - 2021 - American Journal of Bioethics 21 (12):65-67.
    Dupras and Bunnik take on the particular privacy risks of multi-omics, in particular via a contrast and comparison of genomics and epigenomics, followed by a consideration of the issues in r...
    Direct download (3 more)  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   1 citation  
  26. Information Processing and Thermodynamic Entropy.Owen Maroney - unknown
    Are principles of information processing necessary to demonstrate the consistency of statistical mechanics? Does the physical implementation of a computational operation have a fundamental thermodynamic cost, purely by virtue of its logical properties? These two questions lie at the centre of a large body of literature concerned with the Szilard engine (a variant of the Maxwell's demon thought experiment), Landauer's principle (supposed to embody the fundamental principle of the thermodynamics of computation) and possible connections between the two. A variety (...)
    Direct download  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   19 citations  
  27.  50
    An information theory account of cognitive control.Jin Fan - 2014 - Frontiers in Human Neuroscience 8.
  28.  6
    Towards a Neurobiology of Information Structure.Ina Bornkessel-Schlesewsky & Petra B. Schumacher - 2016 - In Caroline Féry & Shinichiro Ishihara (eds.), The Oxford Handbook of Information Structure. Oxford University Press UK.
    This chapter reviews neurophysiological and neuroanatomical investigations of information structural notions, with a view to working towards a neurobiologically grounded perspective. It first considers components of a neurobiologically plausible theory of information structure and outlines candidate mechanisms for higher-order cognitive processing, namely prediction and mental modelling, attention orientation, memory, and inferencing. The chapter then proceeds to neuroscientific investigations of information structure, highlighting differences between sentence- and text-level processing and discussing findings for the information structural notions of (...)
    No categories
    Direct download (3 more)  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   2 citations  
  29.  71
    The Obligation to Know: Information and the Burdens of Citizenship.Steve Vanderheiden - 2016 - Ethical Theory and Moral Practice 19 (2):297-311.
    Contemporary persons are daily confronted with enormous quantities of information, some of which reveal causal connections between their actions and harm that is visited upon distant others. Given their limited cognitive and information processing capacities, persons cannot reasonably be expected to respond to every cry for help or call to action, but neither can they defensibly refuse to hear and reflect upon any of them. Persons have a limited obligation to know, I argue, which requires that they inform (...)
    Direct download (2 more)  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   12 citations  
  30.  31
    Lossy‐Context Surprisal: An Information‐Theoretic Model of Memory Effects in Sentence Processing.Richard Futrell, Edward Gibson & Roger P. Levy - 2020 - Cognitive Science 44 (3):e12814.
    A key component of research on human sentence processing is to characterize the processing difficulty associated with the comprehension of words in context. Models that explain and predict this difficulty can be broadly divided into two kinds, expectation‐based and memory‐based. In this work, we present a new model of incremental sentence processing difficulty that unifies and extends key features of both kinds of models. Our model, lossy‐context surprisal, holds that the processing difficulty at a word in context is proportional to (...)
    Direct download (2 more)  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   13 citations  
  31. Information and Inaccuracy.William Roche & Tomoji Shogenji - 2018 - British Journal for the Philosophy of Science 69 (2):577-604.
    This article proposes a new interpretation of mutual information. We examine three extant interpretations of MI by reduction in doubt, by reduction in uncertainty, and by divergence. We argue that the first two are inconsistent with the epistemic value of information assumed in many applications of MI: the greater is the amount of information we acquire, the better is our epistemic position, other things being equal. The third interpretation is consistent with EVI, but it is faced with (...)
    Direct download (6 more)  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   8 citations  
  32. Information and association.Jerry A. Fodor - 1986 - Notre Dame Journal of Formal Logic 27 (July):307-323.
  33. (1 other version)Information Theory and Statistical Mechanics. II.Edwin T. Jaynes - 1957 - Physical Review 108 (2):171.
    Information theory and statistical mechanics II.
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   91 citations  
  34. Conveying information.Peter J. Graham - 2000 - Synthese 123 (3):365-392.
    This paper states three counterexamples to the claim that testimony cannot generate knowledge, that a hearer can only acquire testimonial knowledge from a speaker who knows: a twins case, the fossil case, and an inversion case. The paper provides an explanation for why testimony can generate knowledge. Testimonial knowledge involves the flow of information from a speaker to a hearer through the linguistic channel.
    Direct download (4 more)  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   29 citations  
  35.  34
    “No Information Without Disturbance”: Quantum Limitations of Measurement.Paul Busch - 2009 - In Wayne C. Myrvold & Joy Christian (eds.), Quantum Reality, Relativistic Causality, and Closing the Epistemic Circle. Springer. pp. 229--256.
  36.  13
    From Information Exposure to Protective Behaviors: Investigating the Underlying Mechanism in COVID-19 Outbreak Using Social Amplification Theory and Extended Parallel Process Model.Shuguang Zhao & Xuan Wu - 2021 - Frontiers in Psychology 12.
    Ever since the outbreak of the coronavirus disease, people have been flooded with vast amounts of information related to the virus and its social consequences. This paper draws on social amplification theory and the extended parallel process model and assesses the following: how two amplification stations—news media and peoples’ personal networks—influence the risk-related perceptions of people and how these risk-related perceptions impact people’s health-protective behaviors. This study surveyed 1,946 participants. The results indicate that peoples’ exposure to news media significantly (...)
    Direct download (2 more)  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   1 citation  
  37. Guillotining Gaza.Noam Chomsky & Information Clearing House - unknown
    No categories
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark  
  38. Information dynamics and uniform substitution.Wesley H. Holliday, Tomohiro Hoshi & Thomas F. Icard Iii - 2013 - Synthese 190 (1):31-55.
    The picture of information acquisition as the elimination of possibilities has proven fruitful in many domains, serving as a foundation for formal models in philosophy, linguistics, computer science, and economics. While the picture appears simple, its formalization in dynamic epistemic logic reveals subtleties: given a valid principle of information dynamics in the language of dynamic epistemic logic, substituting complex epistemic sentences for its atomic sentences may result in an invalid principle. In this article, we explore such failures of (...)
    Direct download (5 more)  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   11 citations  
  39.  78
    The Cambridge handbook of information and computer ethics.Luciano Floridi (ed.) - 2010 - Cambridge University Press.
    Information and Communication Technologies have profoundly changed many aspects of life, including the nature of entertainment, work, communication, education, healthcare, industrial production and business, social relations and conflicts. They have had a radical and widespread impact on our moral lives and hence on contemporary ethical debates. The Cambridge Handbook of Information and Computer Ethics, first published in 2010, provides an ambitious and authoritative introduction to the field, with discussions of a range of topics including privacy, ownership, freedom of (...)
    Direct download  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   25 citations  
  40. Information Privacy and Social Self-Authorship.Daniel Susser - 2016 - Techné: Research in Philosophy and Technology 20 (3):216-239.
    The dominant approach in privacy theory defines information privacy as some form of control over personal information. In this essay, I argue that the control approach is mistaken, but for different reasons than those offered by its other critics. I claim that information privacy involves the drawing of epistemic boundaries—boundaries between what others should and shouldn’t know about us. While controlling what information others have about us is one strategy we use to draw such boundaries, it (...)
    Direct download (4 more)  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   7 citations  
  41. Intentionality and information processing: An alternative model for cognitive science.Kenneth M. Sayre - 1986 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 9 (1):121-38.
    This article responds to two unresolved and crucial problems of cognitive science: (1) What is actually accomplished by functions of the nervous system that we ordinarily describe in the intentional idiom? and (2) What makes the information processing involved in these functions semantic? It is argued that, contrary to the assumptions of many cognitive theorists, the computational approach does not provide coherent answers to these problems, and that a more promising start would be to fall back on mathematical communication (...)
    Direct download (4 more)  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   75 citations  
  42.  20
    (1 other version)Positive information facilitates response inhibition in older adults only when emotion is task-relevant.Samantha E. Williams, Eric J. Lenze & Jill D. Waring - 2020 - Tandf: Cognition and Emotion 34 (8):1632-1645.
    Volume 34, Issue 8, December 2020, Page 1632-1645.
    Direct download (3 more)  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   2 citations  
  43.  29
    Risk Information Provided to Prospective Oocyte Donors in a Preliminary Phone Call.Andrea D. Gurmankin - 2001 - American Journal of Bioethics 1 (4):3 – 13.
    In order to accommodate for the present shortage of oocyte donors, oocyte-donation programs place ads in college newspapers and provide large monetary compensation to encourage participation. Large compensation acts as a strong incentive for young women to undergo the potentially risky procedure of donation. In this enticing situation, it is particularly important for programs to fully inform prospective donors of the risks of the procedure so that they can accurately weigh the costs and benefits of donating. However, because oocyte-donor programs (...)
    Direct download (3 more)  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   26 citations  
  44. Information theory and statistical mechanics.Edwin T. Jaynes - 1957 - Physical Review 106:620–630.
    Information theory and statistical mechanics.
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   59 citations  
  45.  38
    A Cognitive Model of Dynamic Cooperation With Varied Interdependency Information.Cleotilde Gonzalez, Noam Ben-Asher, Jolie M. Martin & Varun Dutt - 2015 - Cognitive Science 39 (3):457-495.
    We analyze the dynamics of repeated interaction of two players in the Prisoner's Dilemma under various levels of interdependency information and propose an instance-based learning cognitive model to explain how cooperation emerges over time. Six hypotheses are tested regarding how a player accounts for an opponent's outcomes: the selfish hypothesis suggests ignoring information about the opponent and utilizing only the player's own outcomes; the extreme fairness hypothesis weighs the player's own and the opponent's outcomes equally; the moderate fairness (...)
    Direct download (2 more)  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   10 citations  
  46.  27
    Against “soft” statistical information.Daniel M. Kraemer - 2015 - Philosophical Psychology 28 (1):139-147.
    Unsatisfied with stringent statistical theories of information such as Dretske's unity theory, Millikan (2001, 2004, 2007) and Shea (2007) have independently introduced ?soft? statistical notions of information. I argue here that these soft statistical notions do not present viable alternative senses of information to that proposed by Dretske. Furthermore, what appears to be the primary motivation for ?soft? information can be undercut.
    Direct download (3 more)  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   4 citations  
  47.  21
    Information Flow In Logics in the Vicinity of BB.Andrew Tedder - 2021 - Australasian Journal of Logic 18 (1):1-24.
    Situation theory, and channel theory in particular, have been used to provide motivational accounts of the ternary relation semantics of relevant, substructural, and various non-classical logics. Among the constraints imposed by channel-theory, we must posit a certain existence criterion for situations which result from the composites of multiple channels (this is used in modeling information flow). In associative non-classical logics, it is relatively easy to show that a certain such condition is met, but the problem is trickier in non-associative (...)
    Direct download (2 more)  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   5 citations  
  48. Information closure and the sceptical objection.Luciano Floridi - 2014 - Synthese 191 (6):1037-1050.
    In this article, I define and then defend the principle of information closure (pic) against a sceptical objection similar to the one discussed by Dretske in relation to the principle of epistemic closure. If I am successful, given that pic is equivalent to the axiom of distribution and that the latter is one of the conditions that discriminate between normal and non-normal modal logics, a main result of such a defence is that one potentially good reason to look for (...)
    Direct download (5 more)  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   7 citations  
  49.  19
    Semantic matching based legal information retrieval system for COVID-19 pandemic.Junlin Zhu, Jiaye Wu, Xudong Luo & Jie Liu - 2024 - Artificial Intelligence and Law 32 (2):397-426.
    Recently, the pandemic caused by COVID-19 is severe in the entire world. The prevention and control of crimes associated with COVID-19 are critical for controlling the pandemic. Therefore, to provide efficient and convenient intelligent legal knowledge services during the pandemic, we develop an intelligent system for legal information retrieval on the WeChat platform in this paper. The data source we used for training our system is “The typical cases of national procuratorial authorities handling crimes against the prevention and control (...)
    Direct download (3 more)  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   2 citations  
  50.  41
    Information and Consciousness.David Gamez - 2011 - Etica and Politica / Ethics and Politics (2):215-234.
1 — 50 / 949