Marie Cardinal's novel Les Grands Desordres explores the power of biography and fictional writing to reveal the human world in ways that elude the grasp of an abstract and academic psychology. This essay examines Cardinal's narrative treatment of a Parisian psychologist who, at the beginning of her career, is convinced that natural science will contribute to human knowledge and will reduce suffering. However, a personal crisis makes her question her basic assumptions and leads her to discover the spiritual wealth and (...) revealing powers of narrative writing. The bond between reader and writer is interpreted as an alliance between a host and a guest that conquers narcissism and isolation by building and inhabiting a neighborly world. (shrink)

The lack of public support for climate change policies and refusals to vaccinate children are just two alarming illustrations of the impacts of dissent about scientific claims. Dissent can lead to confusion, false beliefs, and widespread public doubt about highly justified scientific evidence. Even more dangerously, it has begun to corrode the very authority of scientific consensus and knowledge. Deployed aggressively and to political ends, some dissent can intimidate scientists, stymie research, and lead both the public and policymakers to oppose (...) important public policies firmly rooted in science. -/- To criticize dissent is, however, a fraught exercise. Skepticism and fearless debate are key to the scientific process, making it both vital and incredibly difficult to characterize and identify dissent that is problematic in its approach and consequences. Indeed, as de Melo-Martín and Intemann show, the criteria commonly proposed as means of identifying inappropriate dissent are flawed and the strategies generally recommended to tackle such dissent are not only ineffective but could even make the situation worse. -/- The Fight Against Doubt proposes that progress on this front can best be achieved by enhancing the trustworthiness of the scientific community and by being more realistic about the limits of science when it comes to policymaking. It shows that a richer understanding of the context in which science operates is needed to disarm problematic dissent and those who deploy it. This, the authors argue, is the best way forward, rather than diagnosing the many instances of wrong-headed dissent. (shrink)

This article presents a meta-analysis of the validity of cognitive reflection (CR) for predicting job performance and training proficiency. It also examines the incremental validity of CR over cognitive intelligence (CI) for predicting these two occupational criteria. CR proved to be an excellent predictor of job performance and training proficiency, and the magnitude of the true validity was very similar across the two criteria. Results also showed that the type of CR is not a moderator of CR validity. We also (...) found that CR showed incremental variance over CI for the explanation of job performance, although the magnitude of the contribution is small. However, CR shows practically no incremental validity over CI validity in the explanation of training proficiency. Finally, we discuss the implications of these findings for the research and practice of personnel selection. (shrink)

Una fetua de al-Qawrī recogida en al-Miʻyār de al-Wanšarīsī responde a varias cuestiones relacionadas con el contrato de aparcería en tierra de secano esttablecida entre el dueño de la tierra y el quintero . En una de ellas se pide la legalidad para que este aparcero sin reccursos exija una prenda de ropa a su «socio», tal y como en otras ocasiones se le ha permitido solicitar la ŷallābiyya y el salhām/silhām. Hasta la fecha, el término k-bb-š no se haya (...) registrado bajo esta forma en otro lugar. En este trabajo se plantea la posibilidad de que se trate de dos fetuas diferentes y se pone en cuestión la edición moderna de Rabat, que no se ajusta a la de Fez. Para terminar, se marcan las diferenccias con respecto a la interpretación y tradducción que de esta fetua ha realizado V. Lagardère. (shrink)

Many recent discoveries have confirmed the importance of Orphism for ancient Greek religion, philosophy, and literature. However, its nature and role are still very controversial. The key problem of its relationship to Christianity has been discussed by ancient and modern authors from many different viewpoints, albeit too often tainted with apologetic interests and unconscious projections. This free and thorough study of the ancient sources sheds light on these questions and illuminates the complexity of the encounter between Classical culture and Jewish-Christian (...) tradition. New perspectives on the relationship between Classical and Jewish-Christian culture On the avowed subject of Orphism Author is specialist within the field. (shrink)

While the earlier work of Philip Kitcher, in particular The Advancement of Science (1993), continues to inform his more recent studies, such as Science, Truth, and Democracy (2001), there are significant "changes of opinion" from those articulated in the 1990s. One may even speak of two different stages in the configuration of epistemological proposals. An analysis, from an empiricist standpoint, of the shifts between one and the other indicates further evolution towards realist positions but much more modest ones than those (...) previously endorsed. Kitcher qualifies former individualism with an ensuing defence of pluralism, vital to his effort to develop a social epistemology. The present centrality of the achievement of a well-ordered science , one that promotes the common good within the context of democracies, encapsulates recent variation in the work of Kitcher and may be considered one of the author's most defendable proposals, even including its classically empiricist resonance. (shrink)

El propósito de este trabajo es mostrar, por una parte, que el estoicismo es una de las fuentes principales del naturalismo spinoziano, y por otra, que hay diferencias en el alcance y nivel de desarrollo de ambos naturalismos. Se trata, pues, de determinar qué afinidades y diferencias hay en sus conceptos de naturaleza y qué implicaciones tienen éstas en el ámbito práctico. Y ello, sobre todo, atendiendo a la diferente concepción de las pasiones que ambos mantuvieron.

The aim of this paper is twofold. Firstly, it deals with showing that Spinoza´s ontology is naturalistic because it conceives of reality as nature, and, in this way, it combats all form of mystification that presents us the reality as something supernatural and transcendent nature itself. Secondly, it deals with showing, according to characteristic features of Spinoza ´s naturalism, that is, its dynamism and its materialistic elements, that Spinoza´s ontology is an ontology of the passions. The passions are, according to (...) Spinoza´s philosophy, modes of being, finite, human modes of being. (shrink)

El propósito de este escrito es mostrar la complejidad de la lectura que Quevedo realiza del estoicismo, como representante del barroco hispano, en el contexto de la historia de la recepción de esta escuela antigua en los siglos XVI y XVII. Para ello retomamos la tesis de P. F. Moreau sobre las tres grandes etapas en la historia de la recepción del estoicismo (la humanista, la neoestoica y la crítica moderna) con el objetivo de aportar nuevos argumentos, extraídos del análisis (...) del miedo a la muerte y el temor de Dios en La cuna y la sepultura, que permitan precisar qué posición singular ocupa Quevedo, como representante del neoestoicismo cristianizado, en el contexto de estas tres grandes fases mencionadas. (shrink)

Este artículo se centra en presentar una nueva forma, aunque paradójicamente antigua, de entender la filosofía. Se trata de la filosofía como arte de vivir, cuyo ejemplo paradigmático lo encontramos en la figura socrática, aquel personaje enigmático del siglo V a. C que impactó a la humanidad no tanto por su obra como por su vida y su forma de filosofar. En este artículo, trataremos de comprender tanto el significado como el valor de su filosofía, partiendo de la revitalización que (...) ha hecho de la misma el historiador Pierre Hadot. Finalmente, veremos cómo la Práctica Filosófica se abre paso en nuestra actualidad con el fin de recuperar este espíritu originario con el que nació la filosofía. (shrink)

Los diversos intentos por conceptualizar el principio de precaución de manera general se construyen a partir de las respuestas que han encontrado los ordenamientos jurídicos, tanto estatales como de carácter internacional, para hacer frente a la incertidumbre que provoca la generación de los riesgos provenientes del desarrollo, especialmente frente a las nuevas tecnologías. De esta forma, se pueden encontrar importantes lecciones en la historia respecto al cómo afrontar situaciones que dañan, principalmente, al medioambiente, la salud humana, animal o vegetal; por (...) lo cual es importante conocer como éstos se han ido enfrentando y fueron dando forma a este principio en la práctica, el cual tiene una importancia fundamental al convertirse en una garantía frente al progreso de las ciencias, para que no sea más caro el “prevenir que curar”. (shrink)

The aim of this exploratory study was to examine client demographics and expectations, reasons for use, sensations during treatment, and perceived outcomes of Pranic Healing, an energy healing system lacking in scientific documentation but whose use in the general population is becoming more widespread internationally. This study consisted of a cross-sectional survey of adults (18+ years of age) receiving care from 12 Pranic Healing practices in four different states in the U.S. (N = 179) completing online questionnaires. Closed-ended response sets (...) were analyzed descriptively, while qualitative data were analyzed using content analysis. Reasons to use the therapy included physical, mental/emotional, and metaphysical issues, dissatisfaction with conventional care, and overall well-being. Expectations of care included enhanced abilities, cure or relief, or unsure. Respondents were more likely to cite a specific problem from which they needed alleviation than to cite overall health or wellness as their goal. Sensations experienced were reported to be of a relaxing nature and not, as was hypothesized, of an energizing nature. Results show that those who use Pranic Healing fit the sociodemographic profile of CAM (complementary and alternative medicine) users in the United States, that their reasons for use are not homogeneous, and that preliminary descriptive data from a selective subsample of respondents indicated that some respondents are experiencing positive outcomes attributed to this modality. (shrink)

Through an interpretative phenomenological perspective, this article analyses the education policy implemented in Spain following the declaration of the state of alarm due to Covid-19 pandemic. It questions the measures implemented (i.e. the confinement of the population to their homes and school closures, others related to the right of minors to study and to managing the school year), and the main effects on children and families from an inclusive standpoint. Three main categories emerged from the analysis: 1) access to education, (...) 2) the relationships between, and the participation of, members of the educational community, 3) learning acquisition. The results underline that the effects have not been the same for different families, especially among more vulnerable groups. Marginality and socio-educative inequality have increased. It is essential to make more flexible policies to accommodate diversity and ensure the principles of equity. In this direction, family’s socio-educational role has to be acknowledged and their needs assumed as a priority. (shrink)

Academic English has been the focus of attention for many researchers in the past few years. However, academic spoken English has not received much attention, and those who have selected this field have mainly taken academic lectures and conference paper presentations as their corpus. In this article, a new classification of spoken academic genres is presented, which is formed by classroom genres, institutional genres and research genres. Among these, institutional genres have been selected as a corpus, specifically the Honoris Causa (...) acceptance speech, which has not yet been analysed. We believe that this genre has specific characteristics, mainly related to purpose and structure. In this study, we demonstrate that Honoris Causa speeches follow an established structural pattern and that they always have two purposes: a common one, namely, to express gratitude for the award; and a secondary one that varies from one speech to the other. It is also proved that common rhetorical patterns relate the speaker, the topic and the secondary purpose of the speeches. (shrink)

This paper presents a detailed analysis of a previous work that described the dynamic behavior of an antique stamp mill. The stamp mill application was for breaking ore stones as part of silver production. The dynamic analysis was established from a modern description of the kinematic chain. Since there is no technical data or archeological reports, the model was reconstructed using the dimensions described in original documents and assuming the operation conditions from different technical references. The model was validated using (...) the typical production rates from the pre-industrial revolution period (XVI to XVIII centuries). The results show a proper method for reconstructing the engineering data of antique mechanisms and provide the basis for reproducing these types of mechanisms with modern engineering concepts. The data can be extrapolated to other similar mills that were developed based on this functional principle. (shrink)

In this paper we propose a new approach to address the ramification problem in common-sense reasoning about action and change. We contrast the methods of McCain and Turner, Thielscher and Sandewall and, based on some of the limitations they encounter, we introduce a trajectory-based approach which keeps a history of the states through which a system evolves to characterise its dynamical state. We furnish an underlying state-transition semantics and a logic that admits an expressive, dynamical account of some typical scenarios (...) which encounter modelling difficulties in the other approaches mentioned. (shrink)

En la Crítica de la facultad de juzgar, Kant atribuye al principio mecanicista un carácter meramente regulativo. Esto podría dar lugar a pensar que, en esta obra, se opera una transformación del modo en que el autor concibe la causalidad general, ya que, en las primeras dos Críticas, existe una tendencia a identificar el principio mecanicista con el principio de la segunda analogía de la experiencia. En este trabajo, intentaré mostrar que la presentación del principio que Kant hace en la (...) tercera Crítica es totalmente coherente con las tesis que desarrolla en sus otras obras, y que no supone otra modificación de su teoría más que aquella que surge de dirigir la atención sobre el operar de la facultad de juzgar reflexionante y sobre los problemas con los que este operar se relaciona. (shrink)

El propósito de este trabajo es entablar un diálogo entre Spinoza y el estoicismo a propósito de su teoría de las pasiones. En este sentido, la tesis principal que se sostiene es que Spinoza mantiene una concepción de la virtud y de la felicidad similar a la aristotélica, y que, por esa razón, su terapia de las pasiones no insta a extirpar las pasiones, como sí hace el estoicismo, sino que propone seleccionarlas y encauzarlas racionalmente para aprovechar su fuerza en (...) el sentido de la virtud. (shrink)