Upshot: The article compares the standard dualistic reference-model of interpretation to a nondualistic preference-model. So far, philosophical education has propagated almost exclusively the dualistic model and has tried to establish it as a condito sine qua non of rational discourse. The development of a nondualistic alternative makes this model optional: we can opt for it, but also against it.

Excerpt: The difference between realism and constructivism is reduced from an epistemological distinction to merely a difference in (epistemological) attitude... Both modes of thinking -- the realist just like the constructivist -- are manifestations of an argumentation technique.

The book presents papers from leading proponents of realist, relativist, and constructivist positions in epistemology and the philosophy of language and ethics.