35 found
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  1.  82
    Concept Appraisal.Sapphira R. Thorne, Jake Quilty-Dunn, Joulia Smortchkova, Nicholas Shea & James A. Hampton - 2021 - Cognitive Science 45 (5):e12978.
    This paper reports the first empirical investigation of the hypothesis that epistemic appraisals form part of the structure of concepts. To date, studies of concepts have focused on the way concepts encode properties of objects and the way those features are used in categorization and in other cognitive tasks. Philosophical considerations show the importance of also considering how a thinker assesses the epistemic value of beliefs and other cognitive resources and, in particular, concepts. We demonstrate that there are multiple, reliably (...)
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  2.  80
    Typicality, Graded Membership, and Vagueness.James A. Hampton - 2007 - Cognitive Science 31 (3):355-384.
    This paper addresses theoretical problems arising from the vagueness of language terms, and intuitions of the vagueness of the concepts to which they refer. It is argued that the central intuitions of prototype theory are sufficient to account for both typicality phenomena and psychological intuitions about degrees of membership in vaguely defined classes. The first section explains the importance of the relation between degrees of membership and typicality (or goodness of example) in conceptual categorization. The second and third section address (...)
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  3. The inverse conjunction fallacy.Martin Jönsson & James A. Hampton - 2006 - Journal of Memory and Language 55:317-334.
    If people believe that some property is true of all members of a class such as sofas, then they should also believe that the same property is true of all members of a conjunctively defined subset of that class such as uncomfortable handmade sofas. A series of experiments demonstrated a failure to observe this constraint, leading to what is termed the inverse conjunction fallacy. Not only did people often express a belief in the more general statement but not in the (...)
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  4. Similarity-based categorization and fuzziness of natural categories.James A. Hampton - 1998 - Cognition 65 (2-3):137-165.
    The adequacy of similarity to prototype as an account of categorization in natural concepts was assessed by analyzing the monotonicity of the relation between typicality of an item in a category and the probability of a positive categorization response using data from McCloskey and Glucksberg (1978). The analysis revealed a strong underlying similarity-based threshold curve, with systematic deviations. Further data collection showed that deviations from the curve could be attributed to the effects of unfamiliarity and non-categorial associations on typicality judgments, (...)
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  5.  20
    Is Concept Appraisal Modulated by Procedural or Declarative Manipulations?Sapphira R. Thorne, Joulia Smortchkova, Jake Quilty-Dunn, Nicholas Shea & James A. Hampton - 2022 - Frontiers in Psychology 13.
    A recent study has established that thinkers reliably engage in epistemic appraisals of concepts of natural categories. Here, five studies are reported which investigated the effects of different manipulations of category learning context on appraisal of the concepts learnt. It was predicted that dimensions of concept appraisal could be affected by manipulating either procedural factors or declarative factors. While known effects of these manipulations on metacognitive judgements such as category learning judgements and confidence at test were replicated, procedural factors had (...)
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  6.  89
    A demonstration of intransitivity in natural categories.James A. Hampton - 1982 - Cognition 12 (2):151-164.
    Two experiments are reported which demonstrated intransitivity in category judgments, thus challenging a widely held assumption that the relation between categorized sets is one of class inclusion. Subjects consistently accepted the truth of certain category statements, in spite of being aware of the existence of counterexamples. Implications for semantic memory theory are discussed.
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  7. The modifier effect and property mutability.James A. Hampton, Alessia Passanisi & Martin Jönsson - 2011 - Journal of Memory and Language 64:233-248.
    The modifier effect is the reduction in perceived likelihood of a generic property sentence, when the head noun is modified. We investigated the prediction that the modifier effect would be stronger for mutable than for central properties, without finding evidence for this predicted interaction over the course of five experiments. However Experiment 6, which provided a brief context for the modified concepts to lend them greater credibility, did reveal the predicted interaction. It is argued that the modifier effect arises primarily (...)
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  8. On prototypes as defaults.Martin L. Jönsson & James A. Hampton - 2006 - Cognition 106 (2):913-923.
  9.  6
    Typicality and Composition a Lity: the Logic of Combining Vague Concepts.Martin L. Jönsson & James A. Hampton - 2012 - In Markus Werning, Wolfram Hinzen & Edouard Machery (eds.), The Oxford Handbook of Compositionality. Oxford University Press.
    The principle of compositionality is a statement about the semantics of expressions. It can also be framed slightly differently so that it becomes a principle about the content of complex concepts. This article explains this principle, and the reasons for deviating from it. It will review the psychological research on typicality effects and non-logical reasoning which suggest that explanations can be given for significant phenomena if concepts are understood as prototypes. The evidence suggests that the combination of prototypes follows a (...)
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  10.  43
    Concept talk cannot be avoided.James A. Hampton - 2010 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 33 (2-3):212-213.
    Distinct systems for representing concepts as prototypes, exemplars, and theories are closely integrated in the mind, and the notion of concept is required as a framework for exploring this integration. Eliminating the term from our theories will hinder rather than promote scientific progress.
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  11.  24
    Emergent attributes in combined concepts.James A. Hampton - 1997 - In T. B. Ward, S. M. Smith & J. Vaid (eds.), Creative Thought: An Investigation of Conceptual Structures and Processes. American Psychological Association. pp. 83--110.
  12.  68
    Conceptual Combination: Extension and Intension. Commentary on Aerts, Gabora, and Sozzo.James A. Hampton - 2014 - Topics in Cognitive Science 6 (1):53-57.
    Aerts et al. provide a valuable model to capture the interactive nature of conceptual combination in conjunctions and disjunctions. The commentary provides a brief review of the interpretation of these interactions that has been offered in the literature, and argues for a closer link between the more traditional account in terms of concept intensions, and the parameters that emerge from the fitting of the Quantum Probability model.
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  13. Progress and current challenges with the quantum similarity model.Emmanuel M. Pothos, Albert Barque-Duran, James M. Yearsley, Jennifer S. Trueblood, Jerome R. Busemeyer & James A. Hampton - 2015 - Frontiers in Psychology 6.
  14.  12
    Varieties of Natural Concepts.James A. Hampton - 2024 - Philosophia 52 (4):883-897.
    The concepts to be considered in this chapter are those that occur in everyday common human thought and language – the “natural history” of concepts in use. While many may appear to be constituted by similarity relations, which make them suitable for modelling in conceptual spaces for example, other concepts in everyday use may be differently constituted. These concepts include abstract concepts, essentialist kinds, natural kinds, and logical or mathematical concepts. I discuss the different sources, uses and epistemological bases of (...)
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  15.  63
    Investigating Differences in People's Concept Representations.James A. Hampton - 2020 - In Teresa Marques & Åsa Wikforss (eds.), Shifting Concepts: The Philosophy and Psychology of Conceptual Variability. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
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  16.  12
    Compositionality and Concepts in Linguistics and Psychology.James A. Hampton & Yoad Winter (eds.) - 2017 - Cham: Imprint: Springer.
    By highlighting relations between experimental and theoretical work, this volume explores new ways of addressing one of the central challenges in the study of language and cognition. The articles bring together work by leading scholars and younger researchers in psychology, linguistics and philosophy. An introductory chapter lays out the background on concept composition, a problem that is stimulating much new research in cognitive science. Researchers in this interdisciplinary domain aim to explain how meanings of complex expressions are derived from simple (...)
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  17. Patterns and evolution of moral behaviour: moral dynamics in everyday life.Albert Barque-Duran, Emmanuel M. Pothos, James M. Yearsley & James A. Hampton - 2016 - Thinking and Reasoning 22 (1):31-56.
    Recent research on moral dynamics shows that an individual's ethical mind-set moderates the impact of an initial ethical or unethical act on the likelihood of behaving ethically on a subsequent occasion. More specifically, an outcome-based mind-set facilitates Moral Balancing, whereas a rule-based mind-set facilitates Moral Consistency. The objective was to look at the evolution of moral choice across a series of scenarios, that is, to explore if these moral patterns are maintained over time. The results of three studies showed that (...)
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  18. The effect of relationship status on communicating emotions through touch.Erin H. Thompson & James A. Hampton - 2011 - Cognition and Emotion 25 (2):295-306.
  19. Rules and similarity – a false dichotomy.James A. Hampton - 2005 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 28 (1):26-26.
    Unless restricted to explicitly held, sharable beliefs that control and justify a person's behavior, the notion of a rule has little value as an explanatory concept. Similarity-based processing is a general characteristic of the mind-world interface where internal processes (including explicitly represented rules) act on the external world. The distinction between rules and similarity is therefore misconceived.
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  20. Conjunctions of social categories considered from different points of view.James A. Hampton, Margaret Dillane, Laura Oren & Louise Worgan - 2011 - Anthropology and Philosophy 10:31-57.
  21. The Curious Case of the Refrigerator–TV: Similarity and Hybridization.Michael Gibbert, James A. Hampton, Zachary Estes & David Mazursky - 2012 - Cognitive Science 36 (6):992-1018.
    This article examines the role of similarity in the hybridization of concepts, focusing on hybrid products as an applied test case. Hybrid concepts found in natural language, such as singer songwriter, typically combine similar concepts, whereas dissimilar concepts rarely form hybrids. The hybridization of dissimilar concepts in products such as jogging shoe mp3 player and refrigerator TV thus poses a challenge for understanding the process of conceptual combination. It is proposed that models of conceptual combination can throw light on the (...)
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  22.  25
    Quantum probability and conceptual combination in conjunctions.James A. Hampton - 2013 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 36 (3):290 - 291.
    I consider the general problem of category conjunctions in the light of Pothos & Busemeyer (P&B)'s quantum probability (QP) account of the conjunction fallacy. I argue that their account as presented cannot capture the – the case in which a class is a better member of a conjunction A^B than it is of either A or B alone.
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  23.  84
    Ways of explaining properties.Daniel Heussen & James A. Hampton - 2008 - In B. C. Love, K. McRae & V. M. Sloutsky (eds.), Proceedings of the 30th Annual Conference of the Cognitive Science Society. Cognitive Science Society. pp. 143--148.
    Most explanations are either about events (why things happen), or about properties (why objects have the enduring characteristics that they do). Explanations of events have been studied extensively in philosophy and psychology, whereas the explanations of properties have received little or no attention in the literature. The present study is an exploration of the ways in which we explain various types of properties. Ten participants provided explanations of 45 properties by completing sentences of the form: “Xs have p because…” where (...)
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  24. Concepts and Correct Thinking.James A. Hampton - 1989 - Mind and Language 4 (1-2):35-42.
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  25.  49
    Context, categories and modality: Challenges for the rumelhart model.James A. Hampton - 2008 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 31 (6):716-717.
    Three issues are raised in this commentary. First, the mapping of semantic information into the different layers could be done in a more realistic way by using the Context layer to represent situational contexts. Second, a way to differentiate category membership information from other property information needs to be considered. Finally, the issue of modal knowledge is raised.
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  26.  24
    Folk biology and external definitions.James A. Hampton - 1998 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 21 (4):574-574.
    Atran's thesis has strong implications for the doctrine of externalism in concepts (Fodor 1994). Beliefs about biological kinds may involve a degree of deference to scientific categories, but these categories are not truly scientific. They involve instead a folk view of science itself.
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  27. How do people use and appraise concepts?James A. Hampton (ed.) - forthcoming - Switzerland: Springer Nature.
    To approach the many challenges involved in the notion of engineering concepts, it is important to have a clear idea of the starting point – the concepts that people use in their everyday lives, in conversations and in expressing beliefs, desires, intentions and so forth. The first Section of this chapter introduces evidence that I have accumulated over the last many years concerning the flexibility, context-dependence, and vagueness of such common concepts. The concept engineer needs to understand the structure of (...)
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  28.  52
    Implicit and explicit knowledge: One representational medium or many?James A. Hampton - 1999 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 22 (5):769-770.
    In Dienes & Perner's analysis, implicitly represented knowledge differs from explicitly represented knowledge only in the attribution of properties to specific events and to self-awareness of the knower. This commentary questions whether implicit knowledge should be thought of as being represented in the same conceptual vocabulary; rather, it may involve a quite different form of representation.
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  29.  34
    Language’ role in enabling abstract, logical thought.James A. Hampton - 2002 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 25 (6):688-688.
    Carruthers’ thesis is undermined on the one hand by examples of integration of output from domain-specific modules that are independent of language, and on the other hand by examples of linguistically represented thoughts that are unable to integrate different domain-specific knowledge into a coherent whole. I propose a more traditional role for language in thought as providing the basis for the cultural development and transmission of domain-general abstract knowledge and reasoning skills.
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  30.  28
    Modeling category coordination: Comments and complications.James A. Hampton - 2005 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 28 (4):496-497.
    Consideration of color alone can give a misleading impression of the three approaches to category coordination: the nativist, empiricist and culturalist models. Empiricist models can benefit from a wider range of correlational information in the environment. Also, all three approaches may explain a set of perceptual categories within the human repertoire. Finally, a suggestion is offered for supplementing the naming game by varying the social status of agents.
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  31.  68
    Staying in touch: Externalism needs descriptions.James A. Hampton - 1998 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 21 (1):74-74.
    Externalism cannot work as a theory of concepts without explaining how we reidentify substances as being of the same kind. Yet this process implies just the level of descriptive content to which externalism seeks to deny a role in conceptual content.
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  32.  16
    The inherence heuristic is inherent in humans.James A. Hampton - 2014 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 37 (5):490-491.
    The inherence heuristic is too broad as a theoretical notion. The authors are at risk of applying their own heuristic in supporting itself. Nonetheless the article provides useful insight into the ways in which people overestimate the coherence and completeness of their understanding of the world.
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  33. The modifier effect: Default inheritance in complex noun phrases.James A. Hampton, M. C. Jönsson & Alessia Passanisi - 2009 - In N. A. Taatgen & H. van Rijn (eds.), Proceedings of the 31st Annual Conference of the Cognitive Science Society. pp. 303--308.
     
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  34.  25
    Explanations of comparative facts: A shift in focus.Daniel Heussen, Silvio Aldrovandi, Petko Kusev & James A. Hampton - 2009 - In N. A. Taatgen & H. van Rijn (eds.), Proceedings of the 31st Annual Conference of the Cognitive Science Society.
  35.  90
    Women, Fire, and Dangerous Things.James A. Hampton - 1989 - Mind and Language 4 (1-2):130-137.