This work speaks about very special solution of the mind–body problem. This solution based on the so-called Principle of Co-existence stands out as one of the most interesting attempts at solving the mind–body problem. It states that substances can only exert a mutual influence on one another if they have something in common. This does not have to be a common property but rather, a binding relationship. Thus, substances co-exist when they remain bound by a common relationship, for instance, to (...) an external subject. The Principle of Co-existence played an extremely important role in Kant’s philosophy, not only since it provided a framework for solving the mind–body problem, but since it captured the very basis of its existence. The Principle found also reflection in the works of Kant’s successors, such as Fichte, Schelling, Hegel or Feuerbach. It had significant—though often hidden—repercussions on later philosophy of mind. The notion of force and the principle of its operation became key concepts in resolving the mind–body problem. As a result, philosophy of mind concentrated on the search for a principle explaining the occurrence of two complementary types of phenomena. This established a tradition which, to a greater or lesser extent, has survived to our day. (shrink)

Autor wskazuje na analogie pomiędzy kartezjańskim układem współrzędnych, a kartezjańską koncepcją bytu psychofi zycznego. Jak się okazuje, rozważania z zakresu geometrii stanowią uzasadnienie dla wielu założeń i hipotez poczynionych przez Kartezjusza na użytek budowy przez niego jego koncepcji ontologicznej.

Ruder Josip Boscovich, a philosopher, mathematician, physicist and astronomer. The greatest of the forgotten—as Barrow says. The author of the Theory of Everything, based on the presumption that the whole substance of this world is reducible to simple, homogeneous, discontinuous and invariable physical points. These points being the centers of forces of repulsion and attraction. His system of kinematic atomism constitutes a crucial stage in the development of physics and philosophy. The physical points combine both material and psychological features, therefore (...) among commentators the prevailing view is that they possess rather a quasi-material nature. The following presentation, however, emphasizes their psychological aspect, especially in the light of Boscovich's fairly original attempt to reduce mental states and physical facts to one, common definition. This reduction is based on the presumption that the rules which govern both kinds of substance can be reduced to the one Rule of All Forces. Hence, this rule concerns everything in the Universe. (shrink)

Ruder Josip Boscovich, a philosopher, mathematician, physicist and astronomer. The greatest of the forgotten—as Barrow says. The author of the Theory of Everything, based on the presumption that the whole substance of this world is reducible to simple, homogeneous, discontinuous and invariable physical points. These points being the centers of forces of repulsion and attraction. His system of kinematic atomism constitutes a crucial stage in the development of physics and philosophy. The physical points combine both material and psychological features, therefore (...) among commentators the prevailing view is that they possess rather a quasi-material nature. The following presentation, however, emphasizes their psychological aspect, especially in the light of Boscovich's fairly original attempt to reduce mental states and physical facts to one, common definition. This reduction is based on the presumption that the rules which govern both kinds of substance can be reduced to the one Rule of All Forces. Hence, this rule concerns everything in the Universe. (shrink)

Artykuł przedstawia krótką analizę krytyczną wybranych pism z czasów cywilizacji sumeryjskiej w kontekście wiedzy filozoficznej. Tekst podzielony jest na dwie części. Pierwsza odnosi się do refleksji sumeryjskiej z zakresu etyki, druga dotyczy wiedzy o świecie zewnętrznym. Bez wątpienia refleksja sumeryjska miała jedynie formułę wiedzy praktycznej, jednak niektóre jej fragmenty wpisują się w kurs przyszłej filozofii.