According to Brentano, logic, ethics and aesthetics are practical normative sciences, and they correspond to the three classes of psychic phenomena. But if a judgment or a love may be correct or incorrect, it seems more difficult to speak of a correct representation as this class of phenomena ignores a polarity such as right / wrong or good / bad. Brentano speaks nevertheless from the aesthetical “value” of representations. Aesthetics could in this way be considered as part of a general (...) theory of value; but compared to ethics the specificity of this science tends to vanish. Another way to consider the question is to remember that the distinction among the three classes of psychic phenomena is only formal. It means that one has to question more precisely the very nature of representation and especially its relation to feeling. (shrink)

Uexkull’s famous umwelt theory, which is simultaneously a theory of meaning, remains almost unknown in American environmental thought. Thepurpose of this article is to create a dialogue between the umwelt theory – a source of inspiration for biosemiotics – and one of the major figures of the environmental thought, namely Aldo Leopold. The interest of this dialogue lies in the fact that the environmental thought has much to gain by relying on Uexkull’s theory of meaning and, conversely, that Leopold’s land (...) ethic is likely to extend Uexkull’s thought in terms of ethics. (shrink)

Ce recueil vise à interroger un versant moins connu, mais essentiel, de la pensée de Gadamer, sa méditation des philosophes grecs, des Présocratiques à Plotin, qui occupe un tiers de ses œuvres complètes.

According to Brentano, logic, ethics and aesthetics are practical normative sciences, and they correspond to the three classes of psychic phenomena. But if a judgment or a love may be correct or incorrect, it seems more difficult to speak of a correct representation as this class of phenomena ignores a polarity such as right / wrong or good / bad. Brentano speaks nevertheless from the aesthetical “value” of representations. Aesthetics could in this way be considered as part of a general (...) theory of value; but compared to ethics the specificity of this science tends to vanish. Another way to consider the question is to remember that the distinction among the three classes of psychic phenomena is only formal. It means that one has to question more precisely the very nature of representation and especially its relation to feeling. (shrink)

Comment penser le logique? Le propre de Brentano, dont se réclament la phénoménologie comme l'École de Vienne, ce n'est pas d'abord d'avoir réformé la syllogistique d'Aristote, mais — à chacune des étapes de sa doctrine — de reconduire la proposition logique au jugement, c'est-à-dire à la subjectivité, sans qu'il soit pour autant évident qu'il succombe au « psychologisme ». Il n'en viendra ainsi à défendre une théorie non-prédicative puis non-propositionnelle du jugement. Wie soll des Logische gedacht werden? Was Brentano, worauf (...) sich die Phänomenologie wie auch die Wienerschule beruft, auszeichnet, ist nicht in erster Linie die Reform der aristotelischen Syllogistik, sondern die Rückführung — auf jedem Schritt seiner Lehre — des logischen Satzes zum Urteil, d.h. zur Subjektivität, ohne sich deshalb offensichtlich dem « Psychologismus » zu unterwerfen. So gelangt er zu einer Urteilslehre, die zunächst die prädikative Relation und dann selbst die Idee einer Relation zwischen dem Urteilenden und einem Objeckt zurückweist. (shrink)