It is the goal of this article to present and discuss the phenomenological interpretation of quantum mechanics of the twentieth-century Spanish philosopher Xavier Zubiri. After presenting an introduction to Zubiri and his relationship with phenomenology, we discuss the prominent role of the natural sciences, namely, physics, in the author’s philosophical system. To a certain extent, one can say that, in the footsteps of Edmund Husserl, one of Zubiri’s chief concerns was to develop a philosophical system that could accommodate the discoveries (...) of contemporary science. Following a brief presentation of Zubiri’s discussion on physics, the article focuses on his interpretation of quantum mechanics. As we shall see, Zubiri’s original interpretation of Heisenberg’s uncertainty principle in terms of the phenomenological notion of light may provide a significant, although limited, contribution for a deeper understanding of quantum indeterminacy. In addition, we suggest that the Zubirian notions of reality, intelligence, and actuality, which dominate the last stage of his philosophy, may provide a key hermeneutic framework that allows a fresh philosophical interpretation of quantum mechanics. -/- . (shrink)
The contribution of Jesuits to the different fields of knowledge, including philosophy, is historically well known. In fact, since the foundation of the Society of Jesus, in the 16th century, Jesuits from different generations and cultures have taken part in the philosophical debates of their time and their different contexts. Since the foundation of the Society of Jesus, in 1540, the Jesuits, individually and as a body, have engaged in a fruitful dialogue between the Christian tradition and different dimensions of (...) human culture. During almost five centuries, numerous Jesuits taught philosophy in academic institutions all over the world. Some of them have their names recorded in the history of philosophy. Of course, the majority of them is not anymore remembered, despite their valuable contribution to the development of the Jesuit intellectual tradition up to our times. In fact, as an heir of the Roman College, the first academic institution founded by the Society of Jesus, in 1551, the Pontifical Gregorian University, in Rome, is a witness to this tradition, which has been kept alive thanks to the discrete work of both Jesuits and lay intellectuals. Known as the University of the Nations, this institution corroborates not only the capacity of the Jesuit tradition to put faith in dialogue with reason, but also the option to take the concrete reality of each human culture and its historical context as its point of departure. The Jesuits’ willingness to engage in dialogue with different intellectual perspectives is underpinned by one of the most defining traits of the Jesuit charism, namely, the conviction that God can be found and served in all things. Accordingly, Jesuits have adopted, from the beginning, an amenable stance towards the world with its different cultures and intellectual trends. As such, Jesuits have, since the beginning, inhabited the frontiers of human thought. According to the contemporary philosopher Paul Gilbert, SJ, within the institutions under the leadership of the Society of Jesus, it was always possible to maintain an equilibrium between two principles: “intellectual unity” and “openness to the world.” Without detriment to the Jesuit identity, the companions of Ignatius have been willing to dwell in the various dimensions of human reality, in their multiplicity and plurality. Either in the renewal of Aristotle’s and Aquinas’ metaphysics, or in the dialogue with modern philosophers such as Descartes, Kant, or Hegel, and even in the inculturation in non-European contexts, the Jesuits have been able to preserve the Christian tradition through an original development of human culture in all its richness and diversity. With respect to the last century, it has to be acknowledged that a significant number of Jesuits made significant contributions, with recognized competence, to philosophy. Certainly, the 20th century was particularly complex in many respects. It would be enough to recall that this period, which brought with it unprecedented social, scientific, and technological developments, was also the stage for the two World Wars. With the emergence or consolidation of philosophical currents such as Marxism, Phenomenology, Existentialism, Structuralism, and Post-Modernism, the past century was, without any doubt, fascinating from the intellectual point of view. Jesuits such as Karl Rahner, Frederick Copleston, Bernard Lonergan, William Norris Clarke, John F. Kavanaugh, Teilhard de Chardin, Gaston Fessard, Jean Daniélou, Henri de Lubac, Michel de Certeau, Xavier Tilliette, Paul Valadier, Paweł Siwek, Ignacio Ellacuría, Francisco Taborda, Henrique de Lima Vaz and, in the Portuguese context, Diamantino Martins or Júlio Fragata, among many others, were able to engage different philosophical currents, problems and controversies of their times. Faithful to their long tradition of being present in the frontiers of thought, those Jesuits have engaged in a fruitful dialogue with these intellectual trends, offering relevant contributions to different ongoing debates. Within this context, the present volume recalls and discusses the philosophical contribution of some of the most prominent Jesuit protagonists of the intellectual interchange that took place in the 20th century. This volume also intends to celebrate the 75th anniversary of the Revista Portuguesa de Filosofia, which happens just before the inauguration of the Ignatian Year. Decreed by Father Arturo Sosa, the Superior General of the Society of Jesus, this celebratory Year will start on May 20, 2021, precisely 500 years after Ignatius of Loyola, the founder of the Jesuit Order, was wounded at the battle of Pamplona. We are happy that this volume could bring together outstanding specialists in the thought of some of the most prominent Jesuits philosophers of the last century, namely Paul Valadier, Paul Gilbert, Józef Bremer, Jacek Poznański, Alexander Maar, Patrick H. Byrne, M. Ross Romero, Carlos Alvarez, Hélio Pereira Lima, José Gama, Domingos Terra, Gabriel Flynn, Marie-Gabrielle Lemaire, José Sols Lucia, Lorena Zuchel Lovera, Pedro Pablo Achondo Moya, Enzo Solari, Massimo Borghesi, Mendo Castro Henriques, João Barbosa, and Dominique Lambert. In addition, in the celebration of the 100th anniversary of Júlio Fragata’s birth, Maria Teresa Fragata presents a memory of his life and thought. We hope that this volume may be useful to all those interested in the Jesuit philosophical tradition. Hopefully, it will stimulate scholars to pursue a fruitful and creative dialogue with contemporary philosophy, in the footsteps of the Jesuit philosophers featured here. We would like to thank all the authors and all those who, in different ways, made this volume possible. (shrink)
No mais profundo centro: João da Cruz e o Sufismo Sadili cantam a união transformante Carlos Frederico Barboza de Souza O camelô em Belo Horizonte: aspectos da informalidade e da identidade Maria Aparecida Carvalho de Castro Igreja, povo de Deus, sujeito da comunhão e da missão Cleto Caliman A literatura como questionamento do sujeito da modernidade: Memórias do cárcere, de Graciliano Ramos, e A peste, de Albert Camus João Pereira Pinto O ensino religioso na rede pública estadual de (...) Belo Horizonte -MG: história, modelos e percepções de professores sobre formação e docência Douglas Cabral Dantas. (shrink)
A nossa situação atual, em termos de fé cristã, é muito semelhante à do cego de nascença de que nos fala o evangelho (Jo 9,1-41). A experiência de vinte séculos de cristianismo não impede que Jesus mesmo nos dirija também esta pergunta: “Crês no Filho do Homem?” (Jo 9,35). A questão é saber se teríamos a simplicidade do cego para responder: “Quem é ele, Senhor, para que eu creia?” (Jo 9,36). Porque equivaleria a reconhecer que o conhecemos sem conhecê-lo. E (...) só quando aceitamos isso, pode recomeçar o processo de crer. A situação atual do cristianismo repercute no modo de crer e o condiciona. Não podemos continuar a crer por inércia. Aderir à pessoa de Jesus Cristo deixou de ser algo “evidente”. Não só para as novas gerações ou para os que julgam a fé cristã incompatível com o mundo moderno. Também para nós. Queiramos ou não, somos afetados por essa situação de desamparo. E o problema não é só de linguagem . Trata-se de uma experiência , a experiência de uma vida desconcertante mas fascinante, humana como a nossa mas “diferente”. Podem ainda as mesmas e velhas palavras da fé desencadear em nós a experiência que aqueles primeiros seguidores – homens e mulheres – fizeram diante da existência concreta de Jesus de Nazaré? Aderir a essa vida com a mesma significação que tinha para os primeiros cristãos: isso seria crer em Jesus Cristo hoje. Mas para isso teríamos que sentir o mesmo desamparo do cego de nascença: “Quem é ele, Senhor, para que eu possa crer”? O nosso perigo é sabermos demais. Por isso, para podermos recuperar a “diferença” cristã no que ela tem de verdadeiramente original é necessário aceitar que sejam questionadas as nossas “evidências” e reconhecer que a nossa figura de Jesus foi muitas vezes deformada. (shrink)
At least since Kuhn’s Structure, philosophers have studied the influence of social factors in science’s pursuit of truth and knowledge. More recently, formal models and computer simulations have allowed philosophers of science and social epistemologists to dig deeper into the detailed dynamics of scientific research and experimentation, and to develop very seemingly realistic models of the social organization of science. These models purport to be predictive of the optimal allocations of factors, such as diversity of methods used in science, size (...) of groups, and communication channels among researchers. In this paper we argue that the current research faces an empirical challenge. The challenge is to connect simulation models with data. We present possible scenarios about how the challenge may unfold. (shrink)
Feminist Jurisprudence have challenged the Law in a very relevant way, viewing it as a way of reproducing sexual and gender inequalities. In this paper, starting from the reflection on a specific case and the respective decisions of the portuguese courts and the European Court of Human Rights, I seek to analyse - in a space and time in which the national and international normative legal frameworks claim to be promoters of gender equality - the achievements that Law has effectively (...) made possible and with what intensity. The perspective that moves me is based on a policy of recognition, i.e., it intends to recognise an emancipatory potential in Law, exploring the possibility of its use in feminist struggles. (shrink)
Counselling y cuidados paliativos es el título del libro que conjuntamente decidieron escribir la doctora Esperanza Santos y el profesor José Carlos Bermejo. En esta obra de fácil lectura y con consejos muy prácticos y útiles, se presentan elementos fundamentales para brindar un acompañamiento de óptima calidad en el cuidado paliativo, así como la posibilidad de hacer un autoexamen de cómo los cuidadores de los pacientes vienen prestando sus servicios e incluso para no caer en burnout. Este libro es (...) de gran utilidad, tanto para los profesionales de la salud que trabajan en las unidades de cuidados paliativos, como para personas que dedican gran parte de su tiempo al cuidado de familiares con enfermedades terminales o que pasan por procesos prolongados de enfermedad. Con ejemplos de conversaciones de la vida real entre cuidadores y pacientes, la lectura del libro se hace, a la vez, agradable, divertida y profundamente reflexiva. Para citar esta reseña / To cite this review / Para citar esta resenha Rosas-Jiménez CA. Esperanza Santos y José Carlos Bermejo. Counselling y cuidados paliativos. Bilbao: Desclée de Brouwer-Centro de Humanización de la Salud, 2015, 164 pp. ISBN: 978-84-330-2786-3. Pers Bioet. 2019; 23: 137-139. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5294/pebi.2019.23.1.9. (shrink)
8 March, now known as International Women’s Day, is a day for feminist claims where demonstrations are organized in over 150 countries, with the participation of millions of women all around the world. These demonstrations can be viewed as collective rituals and thus focus attention on the processes that facilitate different psychosocial effects. This work aims to explore the mechanisms involved in participation in the demonstrations of 8 March 2020, collective and ritualized feminist actions, and their correlates associated with personal (...) well-being and collective well-being, collective efficacy and collective growth, and behavioral intention to support the fight for women’s rights. To this end, a cross-cultural study was conducted with the participation of 2,854 people from countries in Latin America and Europe, with a retrospective correlational cross-sectional design and a convenience sample. Participants were divided between demonstration participants and non-demonstrators or followers who monitored participants through the media and social networks. Compared with non-demonstrators and with males, female and non-binary gender respondents had greater scores in mechanisms and criterion variables. Further random-effects model meta-analyses revealed that the perceived emotional synchrony was consistently associated with more proximal mechanisms, as well as with criterion variables. Finally, sequential moderation analyses showed that proposed mechanisms successfully mediated the effects of participation on every criterion variable. These results indicate that participation in 8M marches and demonstrations can be analyzed through the literature on collective rituals. As such, collective participation implies positive outcomes both individually and collectively, which are further reinforced through key psychological mechanisms, in line with a Durkheimian approach to collective rituals. (shrink)
We introduce and study some local versions of o-minimality, requiring that every definable set decomposes as the union of finitely many isolated points and intervals in a suitable neighbourhood of every point. Motivating examples are the expansions of the ordered reals by sine, cosine and other periodic functions.
RESUMO: O presente artigo aborda um tema específico da fenomenologia de Husserl: o problema da autoconstituição do eu transcendental. O artigo se encontra dividido em duas partes. Inicialmente, investiga o eu como polo idêntico que acompanha todos os vividos. Em seguida, introduz o problema da autoconstituição: ao constituir seus objetos, o eu transcendental se autoconstitui. Por fim, retoma o referido problema, para investigar a gênese temporal da vida subjetiva e a autoconstituição do ego por meio dos seus próprios habitus. ABSTRACT: (...) The present paper approaches a specific topic in Husserl's phenomenology: the problem of the self-constitution of the transcendental ego. The article is divided into two parts. First, the ego as an identical pole that accompanies every experience is investigated. Next the problem of self-constitution is introduced: in constituting the object, the transcendental ego constitutes itself. Finally, the temporal genesis of subjective life and the self-constitution of the ego through its own habitus is discussed. (shrink)
The central problem of the book of Job is represented in the question on how to combine the evils of an innocent with the righteousness of God. For the current doctrine of earthly rewards, such a case would be paradoxical. If each one must be treated according to his works, as a righteous man can suffer? There is a link between suffering and personal sin. Against this strict correlation, Job stands up with all the strength of his innocence. He fights (...) desperately to rediscover God that evades and whose kindness he continues to believe in. God intercedes only to reveal the transcendence of his being and his designs and reduce Job to the silence. This is the religious message of the book of Job: man should persist in faith even when his soul isn’t quiet. The book of Job asks us: is there free religion or it is always a self seeking trade? Rich and prosperous, Job becomes poor and with no future at all. Nevertheless, Job remains faithful and recognizes that God has the absolute right of disposing of all that had given him. Job says: “If we accept God’s riches, shouldn’t we also accept evil?”. Job demonstrated that he is able to profess and live a free religion, without any reward shadow. (shrink)
Alasdair MacIntyre´s criticism of Modernity essentially refers to the problem of compartmentalization, which restricts the possibility of achieving excellence in an integral lifestyle. Among other reasons, compartmentalization is especially derived from an insular valorization of the workplace based on a reductionist understanding of productivity in terms of mere efficiency. Aimed at overcoming the moral confusion derived from the overestimation of technical, skilled productivity and individualistic cooperation in private corporations, this article offers a thicker explanation of MacIntyre’s theory of productive work (...) in light of a narrative approach that opens up the possibility of achieving standards of excellence in modern production. To do so, it follows MacIntyre’s understanding of productivity in terms of craftsmanship by explaining what excellence in production is and the role it plays in achieving unity of life and excellence in modern corporations based on two criteria derived from a historical definition of production, namely, craftsmanship and collegiality. (shrink)
O objetivo da pesquisa foi analisar o envolvimento da Escola Indígena Terena Alexina Rosa Figueredo, da Aldeia Buriti, em Mato Grosso do Sul, no processo de retomada de território originário dos Terena, buscando entender como se deu a participação da escola, assim como a proposta de compor o projeto político pedagógico da escola em articulação com o movimento de militância pela retomada do terriório. A metodologia utilizada para produção e análise dos dados da pesquisa busca a articulação de diversos procedimentos, (...) como analise documental, entrevistas com anciões e lideranças da aldeia, docentes e discentes da escola indígena, bem como análise PPP da escola. A pesquisa contribui para a compreensão de como o protagonismo da escola possibilita que se efetive uma educação escolar indígena realmente diferenciada e que atenda aos interesses da comunidade Terena. (shrink)
O artigo pretende expor uma visão crítica sobre a teoria da secularização defendida por Carl Schmitt e sobre a reflexão de Martin Heidegger a respeito da metafísica do sujeito. Mais precisamente, nosso foco recai criticamente sobre a equivalência entre niilismo e autolegislação humana presente na obra de ambos os autores. Nosso objetivo é apreender tais formulações em duas dimensões imbricadas: uma delas, teórico-filosófica, e a outra, histórica. Em seguida, buscamos colocá-las em perspectiva crítica tendo em vista especialmente a reflexão desenvolvida (...) por Hans Blumenberg e alguns de seus comentaristas. Pretendemos proceder a contraposição entre (i) a noção de autolegislação humana como niilismo e (ii) a legitimidade do espaço do simbólico. Sem negar a crítica ao racionalismo limitante, que inclui a superação do sujeito cartesiano, a abordagem que defendemos legitima a dimensão de mediação entre o tempo da vida e tempo do mundo, mediação que pode se dar tanto pela elaboração científica quanto pelo pensamento filosófico ou religioso. Por fim, buscamos apontar a relação entre o espaço simbólico e a superação da noção de mímesis como imitação ou simples adequação. Palavras-chave: Autolegislação humana. Niilismo. Simbólico. Mímesis .The article aims to expose a critical view about the theory of secularization advocated by Carl Schmitt and also about Martin Heidegger's reflection on metaphysics of the subject. More precisely, our focus rests critically upon the equivalence between nihilism and human self-legislation present in the work of both authors. Our goal is to apprehend such formulations in two imbricated dimensions: one, theoretical and philosophical, and the other historical. Then, we seek to put both in a critical perspective, in special the reflection developed by Hans Blumenberg and some of his commentators. We intend to make the counterposition between (i) the notion of human self-legislation as nihilism and (ii) the legitimacy of the symbolic space. Without denying the critique of the limiting rationalism, which includes the overcoming the Cartesian subject, the approach we advocate legitimates the dimension of mediation between life-time and world-time, mediation that can occur either by scientific elaboration or by philosophical or religious thought. Finally, we seek to point out the relationship between the symbolic space and the overcoming on the notion of mimesis as an imitation or a mere adequacy. Keywords: Human self-legislation. Nihilism. Symbolic. Mímesis. (shrink)
O Comentário ao Liber De Causis pertence à última fase das obras de Santo Tomás. Foi escrito, com toda segurança, no primeiro semestre de 1272, em Paris, como testemunha uma cópia parisiense da obra. O De Causis trata das primeiras causas das coisas, que estão constituídas em três ordens, e da distinção e dependência das causas entre si. O texto de Santo Tomás segue passo a passo as proposições em que a obra se divide, que são trinta e duas. Estas (...) trinta de duas proposições são verdadeiros capítulos desenvolvidos a partir de uma tese central. Santo Tomás expõem-nas a modo de lições. (shrink)
American Trypanosomiasis, known as Chagas disease, was discovered in 1909 under peculiar circumstances: its discoverer, Carlos Chagas, was sent to a small village of Central Brazil to carry out an anti-malaria campaign when he came across a blood sucking insect--the vector for the parasite infection. He had been alerted to the coincidence of peculiar symptoms and the presence of this insect in the wood and earth dwellings of the region. He was deeply involved in theoretical controversies in international protozoology; (...) he was engaged in the consolidation of a scientific role and corresponding institutional conditions in Brazil, and equally immersed in the nationalist sanitary struggles of his days. In these contexts, Chagas assembled a remarkable discovery discourse, regarding the biology of the parasite, its life cycle and mode of transmission. Furthermore, he provided the clinical description of a new disease. Despite immediate international recognition, however, the unstable institutional arrangements surrounding his work damaged its local legitimacy for decades. His authority was widely recognized abroad, but rejected at home. (shrink)
Este trabalho possui como mote apresentar a importância dos conceitos de perdão e promessa para a teoria da ação em Hannah Arendt. Possui como base as obra de Hannah Arendt, principalmente A condição humana. Num primeiro momento apresentaremos brevemente os conceitos de ação, pluralidade e natalidade e sua relação com a irreversibilidade e imprevisibilidade no interior do pensamento de Arendt, e em um segundo momento se fará a exposição do importante diagnóstico que a pensadora realiza sobre a situação da tradição (...) face aos eventos políticos do século XX, a fim de compreendermos a necessidade de uma ressignificação da teoria da ação política no ocidente. Por fim, a partir da compreensão dos perigos dessa ruptura com a tradição, evidenciaremos a importância dos conceitos de perdão e promessa como meios de remediar a contigencialidade da ação diante da ausência de uma tradição que assegurasse a possibilidade da existência do espaço do agir político. Deste modo, a hipótese conclusiva desta pesquisa é que diante da ausência de fatores que assegurem e motivem os mortais a adentrarem no campo da política e através da ação e do discurso povoarem o espaço público, é necessário ressignificar a teoria da ação política, e tal ressignificação ocorre no pensamento arendtiano através dos conceitos de perdão e promessa. (shrink)
We propose a definition of weak o-minimality for structures expanding a Boolean algebra. We study this notion, in particular we show that there exist weakly o-minimal non o-minimal examples in this setting.
O objetivo deste artigo é fazer circular os resultados de investigação desenvolvida por meio de projeto de pesquisa associado ao Programa de Pós-Graduação em Educação da Universidade Estadual de Maringá. O procedimento definido para a pesquisa considerou as metodologias cunhadas no campo da História da Educação que tomam a Imprensa Pedagógica como foco de estudos. A análise se inseriu no campo da Nova História Cultural, mais precisamente, vinculou-se aos conceitos de Representação e Apropriação, desenvolvidos por Roger Chartier. Os resultados apontaram, (...) nos discursos publicados no periódico, em consonância com os resultados de outros estudos divulgados pela historiografia da educação, sobretudo nos últimos 20 anos, o destaque ao ensino de Educação Moral e Cívica como elemento primordial na formação dos “recém-nascidos” cidadãos republicanos paranaenses. (shrink)
The present article forms part of an advance of the project of investigation Space Public, participation and militarism in Venezuela (1999-2004) financed by the COUNTS. It is sought to approach the study of the political joint experienced by the Venezuelan society among the years 2002 at the 2004, ..
The literature has indicated some approximations between Skinner’s and Wittgenstein’s proposals, such as a critical standpoint on traditional psychological language conceptions. For Wittgenstein, the critique refers to the impossibility of a private language. On the other hand, Skinner’s critique culminates in defense of the concept of private events. However, this concept seems inconsistent with Wittgenstein’s proposal. Based on this assumption, this paper aims to reevaluate the role of the concept of ‘private events’ in Skinnerian behaviorism in the light of Wittgenstein’s (...) critical discussions. For this, Wittgenstein’s and Skinner’s proposals were systematically compared. It is concluded that the concept of private events is not to escape Wittgenstein’s criticisms of the traditional psychological language. (shrink)
DISSERTAÇÃO DE MESTRADO ITABORAHY, Luiz Carlos. O horizonte da juventude na educação e pastoral populares : história, diálogo e configuração de Medellín a Puebla (1968-1979). 2012. 207 folhas. Dissertação (Mestrado) – Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Minas Gerais, Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências da Religião, Belo Horizonte.
Esta contribuição visa apresentar brevemente a vida e a obra do filósofo italiano Carlo Michelstaedter, famoso autor do livro A Persuasão e Retórica, que cometeu suicídio aos vinte e três anos de idade. Em particular, este ensaio focaliza a relação entre a filosofia de Schopenhauer e a de Michelstaedter, a fim de explicar em que sentido ele deve ser considerado um “schopenhaueriano irregular”.