Dynamic Theodicy (DT) is a broad concept we bring up to designate some modern Philosophical Theology attempts to reconcile the necessary and perfect existence of God with the contingent characteristics of human life. In this paper we analyze such approaches and discuss how they have become incomprehensible because the metaphysical assumptions implicit in these explanations have lost their intrinsic relation to the natural human desire for salvation. In the first part we show Charles Hartshorne's DT-model, arising from the modal logic (...) of perfection, and the modern rational problems of this position in making infinite-necessary Being (God) and finite-contingent being (human) compatible. We note that at the heart of the contradictions in this DT account is a dialectical mode of thinking that makes it difficult to find a correct solution to this dichotomy, and to assume a human desire that could be considered related to lifelong goals. In the second part, supported by the proposal of Hans Urs von Balthasar's DT, we develop the concepts of bodily vulnerability, corporeal intentionality, and natural desire for salvation, which come from an Aristotelian-Thomistic thought. This theory is established in order to build an argument, following Alasdair MacIntyre’s ethical framework, on how to make possible the recovery of a metaphysical and anthropological desire that transcends natural aging and goes beyond death. We conclude that both human dependence and the virtues that arise naturally when human beings decide to seek the good of their transcendent condition, make it possible to recover the natural desire for salvation through divine and human love. (shrink)

¿Puede ser comprendida la moralidad aisladamente de los órdenes sociales, culturales, políticos y económicos en los que surge y se desarrolla? ¿El interés intelectual por la moralidad de nuestro tiempo requiere algo más que el análisis de teorías éticas? Las respuestas de Alasdair MacIntyre a estas preguntas se muestran a través del trabajo de toda una vida, en la que ha desarrollado un análisis ético de la Modernidad. El libro «Valoración ética de la modernidad según Alasdair MacIntyre», de Hernando José (...) Bello Rodríguez y José Manuel Giménez Amaya, expone el desarrollo de tal análisis, llevado a cabo por el filósofo escocés en el marco de sus ideas que van desde la publicación de su obra After Virtue, hasta la reciente aparición de Ethics in Conflicts of Modernity. (shrink)

O povo Kaingang é o mais populoso do Sul do Brasil e está entre os mais numerosos povos indígenas do país. Neste trabalho faz-se uma relação entre as informações encontradas na literatura e a atualidade na Terra Indígena Kaingang em relação ao conhecimento que possuem sobre o uso de plantas para a cura de doenças e como interpretam a ação da erva no organismo. Para isto, realizou-se uma pesquisa de campo em uma Terra Indígena Kaingang no Paraná, cujo entrevistas forneceram (...) confirmações históricas em relação aos etnoconhecimentos da etnia, da evolução dos aspectos químicos e das atitudes perante a química e os remédios de origem farmacêutica e natural. (shrink)

A comienzos de la década de los 80, el filósofo Gilles Deleuze aplicó la teoría de la imagen de Bergson expuesta en Materia y Memoria (1896) a la imagen cinematográfica con la intención de desarrollar nuevas herramientas conceptuales que, a través de un análisis de la historia del cine, permitieran poder delinear mejor tanto la relación cognoscitiva más allá de los presupuestos de sujeto-objeto, como una teoría de la comunicación pre-verbal no estructuralizada fonéticamente que superara definitivamente la concepción lacaniana del (...) lenguaje. Si bien dichos análisis pueden ser vistos también como el establecimiento de unos principios alternativos a las teorías del montaje tanto de Vertov como de Eizenshtéin, el interés primario de nuestro paper se centrará en la redefinición de las categorías espacio-temporales que conlleva esta nueva teoría del cine esgrimida por Deleuze. Concretamente analizaremos cómo la nueva tecnología cinematográfica, especialmente en su desarrollo europeo de la segunda postguerra (Godard, Fellini, Syberberg, Tarkovski) supone una comprensión temporal por completo ajena a cualquier comprensión de causalidad lineal, teleológica o no, de corte cronológico. En su lugar, el cine en tanto que medio de comunicación propio del mundo metropolitano contemporáneo emplea unas categorías temporales más cercanas a conceptos como “acontecimiento” o “haecceitas”, que en algunos puntos lo acercan a la concepción del tiempo desarrollada por Walter Benjamin, pero que por otro lo relacionan directamente con formas aiónicas del mismo ya estudiadas por Deleuze en la década de los 60, y aplicadas al estudio del dadaísmo en la de los 70. (shrink)

This article aims to study the origin, nature and development of eschatology and apocalyptic in the post-exilic Judaism over the centuries III and II BC. Its theoretical reference is based on two scientific analyzes about the two phenomena: the historical-critical analysis of Friedrich Dingermann and the analysis from the history of religions made by Johann Maier. As a method of approach is used the deductive method, whereby it is possible, from the main present theories, analyze each one within their own (...) ethos. Besides this one, it used as the procedure method the comparative method, through the intertwining of the studied theories that allows a glimpse at the evolution that the two phenomena experienced in the religious history of Ancient Israel and Judaism. (shrink)

Ante ciertos modelos causales del agente libre inspirados en Tomás de Aquino, resulta interesante atender al modelo causal presentado por Tomás mismo, especialmente en un texto a partir del cual se puede rastrear la exposición de la acción libre como el efecto de los cuatro sentidos causales aristotélicos. Se trata de la cuestión sobre los actos imperados (ST I–II, q. 17); en cuyos primeros cuatro artículos –y en sus textos paralelos– determina que la voluntad es causa agente; la razón práctica, (...) causa ordenadora; y el imperium de ambas (razón y voluntad) se relaciona con el acto imperado como lo formal con lo material. (shrink)

Coevolution between two antagonistic species has been widely studied theoretically for both ecologically- and genetically-driven Red Queen dynamics. A typical outcome of these systems is an oscillatory behavior causing an endless series of one species adaptation and others counter-adaptation. More recently, a mathematical model combining a three-species food chain system with an adaptive dynamics approach revealed genetically driven chaotic Red Queen coevolution. In the present article, we analyze this mathematical model mainly focusing on the impact of species rates of evolution (...) (mutation rates) in the dynamics. Firstly, we analytically proof the boundedness of the trajectories of the chaotic attractor. The complexity of the coupling between the dynamical variables is quantified using observability indices. By using symbolic dynamics theory, we quantify the complexity of genetically driven Red Queen chaos computing the topological entropy of existing one-dimensional iterated maps using Markov partitions. Co-dimensional two bifurcation diagrams are also built from the period ordering of the orbits of the maps. Then, we study the predictability of the Red Queen chaos, found in narrow regions of mutation rates. To extend the previous analyses, we also computed the likeliness of finding chaos in a given region of the parameter space varying other model parameters simultaneously. Such analyses allowed us to compute a mean predictability measure for the system in the explored region of the parameter space. We found that genetically driven Red Queen chaos, although being restricted to small regions of the analyzed parameter space, might be highly unpredictable. (shrink)

It is shown that the famous quote from Fontenelle in Kant’s Critique of Practical Reason, “I bow before an eminent man, but my spirit does not bow,” comes from the book On Principles of Morality, written by Abbé Mably. The Fontenelle quote is found in a review of this very book in the Allgemeine Literaturzeitung (No. 21, 1785). This review should further be considered Kant’s source.

When analyzing database query languages a roperty, of theories, the pseudo-finite homogeneity property, has been introduced and applied (cf. [3]). We show that a stable theory has the pseudo-finite homogeneity property just in case its expressive power for finite states is bounded. Moreover, we introduce the corresponding pseudo-finite saturation property and show that a theory fails to have the finite cover property if and only if it has the pseudo-finite saturation property.

Este repertorio registra información de Husserl en la Internet, una breve historia sobre los Nachlaß, el índice de la Husserliana, un listado de las publicaciones de y sobre Husserl disponibles en la Biblioteca Central de la Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, y los artículos sobre Husserl que se encuentran en la Hemeroteca. El listado abarca las publicaciones existentes hasta el año 1997.

En La imagen-movimiento y en La imagen-tiempo Deleuze presenta una filosofía del cine basada en el pensamiento de Henri Bergson. En el presente artículo desarrollaremos la concepción del movimiento y de la imagen del filósofo de la durée y el modo en que Deleuze se apropia de estas nociones para la hermenéutica del fenómeno cinematográfico. A modo de ejemplificación y siguiendoa este último, recurriremos a Film, de Samuel Beckett, obra en la cual se refleja la imagen-movimiento tal como es en (...) sí misma.---“The Movement-Image. Deleuze and the Beckett-Bergson relationship”. In The Movement-Image and in The Time-Image Deleuze presents a philosophy of cinema based on the thought of Henri Bergson. This paper will develop the conceptions of movement and image of the philosopher of the durée and the way in which Deleuze makes these notions his own for the hermeneutics of the cinematographic phenomenon. As an example and following the latter, the paper refers to Film, by Samuel Beckett, film in which the movement-image is reflected as it is in itself. (shrink)

The discovery of “molecular chaperones” has dramatically changed our concept of cellular protein folding. Rather than folding spontaneously, most newly synthesized polypeptide chains seem to acquire their native conformation in a reaction mediated by these versatile helper proteins. Understanding the structure and function of molecular chaperones is likely to yield useful applications for medicine and biotechnology in the future.

Meeting 5G high bandwidth rates, ultra-low latencies, and high reliabilities requires of network infrastructures that automatically increase/decrease the resources based on their customers’ demand. An autonomous and dynamic management of a 5G network infrastructure represents a challenge, as any solution must account for the radio access network, data plane traffic, wavelength allocation, network slicing, and network functions’ orchestration. Furthermore, federation among administrative domains (ADs) must be considered in the network management. Given the increased dynamicity of 5G networks, artificial intelligence/machine learning (...) (AI/ML) solutions are strong candidates able to learn, and take quick provisioning decisions upon fast changes in network conditions. Therefore, this chapter presents an analysis of the state-of-the-art solutions for 5G networks’ management, where AI/ML solutions are discussed and compared with traditional methods. Additionally, the chapter provides a technology overview of both standards, and existing solutions regarding the 5G network management, and directions toward the integration of AI/ML in 5G networks. (shrink)

It is shown that the famous quote from Fontenelle in Kant’s Critique of Practical Reason, “I bow before an eminent man, but my spirit does not bow,” comes from the book On Principles of Morality, written by Abbé Mably. The Fontenelle quote is found in a review of this very book in the Allgemeine Literaturzeitung (No. 21, 1785). This review should further be considered Kant’s source.

From the most prominent thinkers in Latin American philosophy, literature, politics, and social science comes a challenge to conventional theories of globalization. The contributors to this volume imagine a discourse in which revolution requires no temporalized march of progress or takeovers of state power but instead aims at local control and the material conditions for human dignity.

We observe that the W*-hierarchy, a variant (introduced by Downey, Fellows, and Taylor [7]) of the better known W-hierarchy, coincides with the W-hierarchy, though not level wise, but just as a whole hierarchy. More precisely, we prove that W[t] ⊆ W*[t] ⊆ W[2t − 2] for each t ≥ 2. It was known before that W[1] = W*[1] and W[2] = W*[2]. Our second main result is a new logical characterization of the W*-hierarchy in terms of "Fagin-definable problems." As a (...) by-product, we also obtain an improvement of our earlier characterization of the hierarchy in terms of model-checking problems. Furthermore, we obtain new complete problems for the classes W[3] and W*[3]. (shrink)

O povo Terena é uma etnia indígena com vasto material de pesquisa e com um número de membros Terena que são pesquisadores e que produz um número considerado de material científico. Atualmente os Terena são uma população de cerca de 28 mil indivíduos no estado do Mato Grosso do Sul e que se distribuem por várias terras indígenas em todo o estado, além de outras em São Paulo e Mato Grosso, bem como em diversas cidades. Sua produção cultural e científica (...) estão em estudo e boa parte destes estudos estão nas plataformas científicas. Este artigo faz o Estado da Arte deste etnoconhecimento, num estudo de revisão sistemática da bibliografia com três descritores: Conhecimento Tradicional, Etnoconhecimento e Terena, onde os dois primeiros são sinônimos e se relacionam com o terceiro. Neste estudo sistemático nos traz a luz as publicações e autores que estudaram e estudam a arte, a ciência e a cultura Terena. Há um amplo conhecimento científico nos conhecimentos tradicionais que há gerações vem sendo passado entre os Terena, parte deste conhecimento está no estado da arte aqui apresentado. (shrink)

Reports of patients with schizophrenia show a fragmented and anomalous subjective experience. This pathological subjective experience, we suggest, can be related to the fact that disembodiment inhibits the possibility of intersubjective experience, and more importantly of common sense. In this paper, we ask how to investigate the anomalous experience both from qualitative and quantitative viewpoints. To our knowledge, few studies have focused on a clinical combination of both first- phenomenological assessment and third-person biological methods, especially for Schizophrenia, or ASD therapeutics (...) and diagnosis. We will thus attempt to bring forward a second-person scientific design, accounting for both the first-person subjective experiential aspects, and respective third-person neurobiological correlates of embodied aesthetics in anomalous experience. From this proposal, we further explore the consequences to clinical and research practice. (shrink)

Resumen En esta contribución ofrecemos una interpretación del pons asinorum que se basa en una lógica de términos contemporánea. Esto nos permite revitalizar la idea del pons asinorum para generar el -políticamente correcto- pons scholasticorum, una versión terminística del pons asinorum que conecta la inventio medii con el dictum de omni et nullo.In this contribution we offer an interpretation of the pons asinorum by using a contemporary term logic. This interpretation allows us to revitalize the concept of the pons asinorum (...) in order to produce the -politically correct- pons scholasticorum, a terministic version of the pons asinorum that relates the inventio medii with the dictum de omni et nullo. (shrink)

Neste artigo iremos analisar os caminhos da educação escolar indígena (EEI) em três países colonizados pela Inglaterra. Objetiva-se usar a EEI como pano de fundo para analisarmos as discrepâncias na condução da educação escolar, contando eventos históricos marcantes para a EEI. Foi realizado um estudo bibliográfico sobre a EEI nos países Estados Unidos da América; Austrália e Nova Zelândia e criada uma cronologia dos marcos temporais. O enfrentamento do apartheid e do racismo provocou atrasos na condução da EEI e o (...) protagonismo dos nativos na condução da EEI. (shrink)

A Espanha foi uma das maiores “colonizadoras” em todo o mundo, e sua chegada em terras estrangeiras provocou um grande choque na educação dos indígenas, iniciando-se uma nova etapa na “educação” dos povos originários. Neste sentido, este artigo pretende apresentar um estudo sobre a trajetória da Educação Escolar Indígena (EEI) em seis países colonizados pela Espanha. A partir de um estudo bibliográfico, foi feito um recorte histórico da EEI, desde a chegada das missões religiosas e imposições culturais aos povos originários (...) até o momento de [re]apropriação educacional. O estudo ressalta o protagonismo dos povos originários em relação ao movimento de retomada da EEI para fins de promoção da sua cultura e seus conhecimentos tradicionais. (shrink)

In this work, we focus on the problem of selecting low-level heuristics in a hyperheuristic approach with offline learning, for the solution of instances of different problem domains. The objective is to improve the performance of the offline hyperheuristic approach, identifying equivalence classes in a set of instances of different problems and selecting the best performing heuristics in each of them. A methodology is proposed as the first step of a set of instances of all problems, and the generic characteristics (...) of each instance and the performance of the heuristics in each one of them are considered to define the vectors of characteristics and make a grouping of classes. Metalearning with statistical tests is used to select the heuristics for each class. Finally, we used the Naive Bayes to test the set instances with k-fold cross-validation, and we compared all results statistically with the best-known values. In this research, the methodology was tested by applying it to the problems of capacitated vehicle routing and graph coloring. The experimental results show that the proposed methodology can improve the performance of the offline hyperheuristic approach, correctly identifying the classes of instances and applying the appropriate heuristics in each case. This is based on the statistical comparison of the results obtained with those of the state of the art of each instance. (shrink)

Introduction: The teacher-student relationship in medicine determines the bond established with the patient. Objective: This study was designed to compare if first and third year medical students at a university perceived incidents perpetrated by teachers as morally wrong. Materials and methods: A semi-structured survey was used with open and closed items; specifically, participants were asked to relate a morally wrong incident, classified to six categories. Results: 80.7% in the third-year students and 30.4% of the first-year students perceived incidents that involved (...) mostly auxiliary personnel and evaluations. Verbal abuse and unfair assessment were the categories mentioned the most. Discussion: A morally wrong incident is a general concept, differing from other studies that specifically analyze abuse, also evident in this concept. Conclusion: A lack of respect and justice could indicate a lack of moral commitment. (shrink)

We study a refined framework of parameterized complexity theory where the parameter dependence of fixed-parameter tractable algorithms is not arbitrary, but restricted by a function in some family . For every family of functions, this yields a notion of -fixed-parameter tractability. If is the class of all polynomially bounded functions, then -fixed-parameter tractability coincides with polynomial time decidability and if is the class of all computable functions, -fixed-parameter tractability coincides with the standard notion of fixed-parameter tractability. There are interesting choices (...) of between these two extremes, for example the class of all singly exponential functions. In this article, we study the general theory of -fixed-parameter tractability. We introduce a generic notion of reduction and two classes -W[P] and -XP, which may be viewed as analogues of NP and EXPTIME, respectively, in the world of -fixed-parameter tractability. (shrink)

RESUMEN El presente trabajo de revisión expone cómo las prácticas de gestión en la anestesiología deben ser modificadas para encarar las cambiantes necesidades de pacientes, otros profesionales y sistemas sanitarios, a fin de mantener una función significativa en la atención sanitaria. Los servicios de anestesia han adoptado una amplia variedad de modelos para hacer frente a las necesidades del medio local, la relación entre los anestesiólogos y la comunidad, y los papeles desempeñados por los anestesiólogos en el tratamiento perioperatorio. El (...) sistema sanitario cubano se encuentra inmerso en un proceso de permanente adecuación de sus servicios a los problemas, demandas y necesidades de la población cubana y sus determinantes. Por ello, objetivo es exponer consideraciones teóricas en función del perfeccionamiento del servicio de Anestesiología y Reanimación. ABSTRACT This review paper presents how anesthesiology management practices must be modified in order to deal with the changing needs patients, other professionals and health systems have, in order to maintain a significant function in health care. Anesthesiology services have adopted a wide variety of models to face up to the needs the city, the relationship between anesthesiologists and the community and the role anesthesiologists play in perioperative treatment have. The Cuban health system services are in a process of permanent adaptation to the problems, demands and needs the Cuban population and its determinants have. For that reason, this paper aims at presenting theoretical considerations towards the improvement of the Anesthesiology and Resuscitation service. (shrink)

Este artículo analiza uno de los episodios más importantes de la batalla ideológica y cultural entre el PSI de Craxi y el PCI de Berlinguer de los años 1976-1978: la crítica socialista del concepto de “Hegemonía” de Antonio Gramsci. Una crítica que se produce en la revista Mondoperaio en 1977 y coincide con el 40 aniversario de la muerte de Gramsci. Como se tratará de mostrar, esta crítica del pensamiento gramsciano está vinculado a los procesos de transformación ideológica del socialismo (...) y el comunismo del sur de Europa a finales de los años setenta. En este sentido, la crítica del concepto de “Hegemonía” de Gramsci que realizarán los intelectuales del PSI, denunciando su matriz leninista, no puede disociarse del debate sobre la legitimidad de los partidos comunistas para gobernar en las democracias occidentales en la Guerra fría. (shrink)

The research team measured the enterprise web accessibility levels of the Forbes 250 largest enterprises using the fully automatic accessibility evaluation tool Sortsite, and presented the compliance of the evaluated websites to WCAG 1.0, WCAG 2.0 and Section 508 accessibility levels. Given the recent attention to organizational leaders having ethical duties towards their dedicated employees, we propose that ‘societal citizenship behaviour’ concerns ethical duties of organizational leaders towards society in general and in particular to those who have less means to (...) assert their needs. In effect, we found enterprise website accessibility levels to be in need of significant improvement. An interpretation of a positive path forward to better enterprise website accessibility levels is put forth based on a focus-group interaction and using BNML—a novel Business Narrative Modelling Language. (shrink)

Die Beitrage des Sammelbandes widmen sich aus theologisch-philosophischer Perspektive der historischen Rezeption und der systematischen Relevanz des Freiheitsstreits zwischen Martin Luther und Erasmus von Rotterdam. Im systematischen Zentrum steht das jeweilige freiheitstheoretische Verstandnis des Menschen, seiner epistemischen und voluntativen Vermogen und seines metaphysischen Ortes innerhalb der Schopfung, besonders sein Verhaltnis zu Gott. Aus historischer Perspektive wird die Rezeption von Luthers Freiheitsbegriff durch Leibniz, Kant, Hegel, Schelling und in der analytischen Philosophie untersucht. Mit Beitragen von Christine Axt-Piscalar, Frank Dettinger, Thomas Frisch, (...) Volker Gerhardt, Friedrich Hermanni, Amit Kravitz, Jorg Noller, Wolfhart Pannenberg, Birgit Recki, Georg Sans SJ, Ruben Schneider und Gunther Wenz. (shrink)

Este nuevo libro colectivo recoge los trabajos del grupo de investigación de Filosofía de la PUCE, elaborados entre 2019 y 2020. El tema elegido, Tecnología y política, define una de las problemáticas contemporáneas más relevantes dentro del trabajo académico. Como en ocasiones anteriores, cada autor plantea contextos de lectura diversos; los aportes recorren un escenario complejo, resultado de los caminos que cada uno ha elegido para consolidar su propia reflexión a partir de los proyectos de escritura de tesis de posgrado (...) y de investigaciones desarrolladas tanto en universidades europeas como americanas. Sin embargo, el punto de encuentro está dado en la perspectiva y en las condiciones que determinan la posibilidad de proponer un pensamiento crítico y propositivo desde América Latina. (shrink)