In this paper, we try to show why a formal definition of truth is not satisfactory (first point). Later, we expound (second point) the polemic between Austin and Strawson about truth with the intention to show that both refer to different problems concerning truth and to prove that Austin did not lose this confrontation and that we can recover some elements of his investigation for making an adequate approach to this notion. We will complete our definition of truth using the (...) latest thesis of Charles Travis and that will permit us to conclude with a semantic definition of truth for natural languages. (shrink)
In this paper, we try to show why a formal definition of truth is not satisfactory (first point). Later, we expound (second point) the polemic between Austin and Strawson about truth with the intention to show that both refer to different problems concerning truth and to prove that Austin did not lose this confrontation and that we can recover some elements of his investigation for making an adequate approach to this notion. We will complete our definition of truth using the (...) latest thesis of Charles Travis and that will permit us to conclude with a semantic definition of truth for natural languages. (shrink)
In this paper, we try to show why a formal definition of truth is not satisfactory (first point). Later, we expound (second point) the polemic between Austin and Strawson about truth with the intention to show that both refer to different problems concerning truth and to prove that Austin did not lose this confrontation and that we can recover some elements of his investigation for making an adequate approach to this notion. We will complete our definition of truth using the (...) latest thesis of Charles Travis and that will permit us to conclude with a semantic definition of truth for natural languages. (shrink)
This chapter argues for a notion of time that allows time travel. In order to time traveling to happen, in contrast to Presentism, the chapter demonstrates that we can change the past and we have some place where to travel. It shows the advantages of a non-presentist ontology that advocates for indeterminacy of future facts based not on its absence of truth-value, but on the overdetermination of future facts. The conclusion is that to break the causal chain is impossible in (...) we are placed in the same causal line. But if we rethink the time traveling as a trans-world traveling, it is possible to open a new causal line anytime that someone travel in time, to the past as well as to the future. (shrink)
According to Vázquez and Liz (Found Sci 16(4): 383–391, 2011), Points of View (PoV) can be considered in two different ways. On the one hand, they can be explained following the model of propositional attitudes. This model assumes that the internal structure of a PoV is constituted by a subject, a set of contents, and a set of relations between the subject and those contents. On the other hand, we can analyze points of view taking as a model the notions (...) of location and access. If we choose to follow the second approach, instead of the first one, the internal structure of a PoV is not directly addressed, and the emphasized features of PoV are related to the function that PoV are intended to have. That is, PoV are directly identified by their role and they can solely be understood as ways of accessing the world that bring some kind of perspective about it. Having this in mind, we would like to propose a notation that explains how to understand such access as a sort of models (that can allow the creation of concepts), independently of whether the precise PoV under consideration is impersonal or non-impersonal, its kind of content, and its subjective or objective character. First, we will present an account of some previous approaches to the study of points of view. Then, we will analyze what kind of structure the world is assumed to posses and how the access to it is possible. Third, we will develop a notation that explains PoV as qualitative dimensions by means of which it is possible to valuate objects and states of the world. (shrink)
Although entrepreneurial intention has been widely studied using cognitive models, we still lack entrepreneurial vocation and, therefore, lack disruptive innovations. Entrepreneurship scholars have some understanding of the reasons underlying this weakness, although there is much room for improvement in our learning concerning how to promote entrepreneurship among university students, especially in the transformed context of digital technologies. This paper focuses on the early stages of start-up, and in particular seeks to evaluate what role social and psychological factors play in the (...) development of entrepreneurial intentions. Drawing on network theory, we consider the impact of social networks on entrepreneurial intention. Specifically, we analyze the influence of two types of social networks: face-to-face and online social networks, with the latter proving especially important in digital transformations. In addition, based on affective congruency theory, we relate affect with entrepreneurial intention. Particularly, we evaluate the influence of positive and negative dispositional affectivity on the formation of entrepreneurial intentions. Finally, since affect and emotions can also be related with social relationships, we analyze whether dispositional affectivities influence entrepreneurial intention through the mediation effect of social networks. Using structural equation modeling, we confirm the impact of both online and face-to-face social networks, as well as positive dispositional affectivity on entrepreneurial intention for 589 higher education students in Spain. However, negative dispositional affectivity is not seen to influence entrepreneurial intention. Furthermore, both face-to-face and online social networks are influenced by positive dispositional affectivity. Moreover, these two types of networks can even partially mediate the relationship between positive dispositional affectivity and entrepreneurial intention. Positive dispositional affectivity can thus influence entrepreneurial intention in two different ways: directly and indirectly through both face-to-face and online social networks. This study provides further insights and adds to the literature on affect, social networks, and entrepreneurial intention. From a broader perspective, we also contribute to the literature on disruptive innovations by explaining how the development of entrepreneurial intentions would have positive consequences for university students vis-à-vis achieving these disruptive innovations. (shrink)
, 3661–3678, 2020) argues that a positivistic defense of science’s objectivity is incoherent because bias in the generation of scientific theories (implies that the rational evaluation of theories will also be biased. Even though this is an idea easy to agree with, this approach is flawed for two different but related reasons. First, Dellsén’s notion of bias does not account for many ordinary biases. Second, Dellsén’s use of bias at the community-level is inconsistent. It shifts from individual scientists generating new (...) theories and making decisions to scientific communities evaluating and accepting what theories are valid. This article offers a stronger response than Dellsén’s about aseptic objectivity in science by providing a more adequate account of bias, where psychological and behavioral aspects of individual scientists and community-level scientific practices are considered. (shrink)
ResumenPrimero, veremos el modo en que Dennett defiende su teoría de la conciencia frente a los ataques de destacados filósofos, logrando contrastar su anti-intuicionismo con las numerosas dificultades que se le presentan a todos aquellos que conciben la conciencia de modo realista. Segundo, afrontamos la explicación del uso de la evolución llevado a cabo por Dennett para explicar el nacimiento de la mente humana. Tercero, analizamos el importante papel que el lenguaje tiene en la aparición del pensamiento y el modo (...) en que ello permite el establecimiento de todo un entramado de simbología llamado cultura. Cuarto, nos detendremos en una matización y dos críticas al naturalismo dennettiano.Palabras clave:Daniel C. Dennett, conciencia, evolución, intencionalidadFirst, we show the Dennett’s theory of conciousness in a comparative and confrontative approach with the realistic conceptions of mind. Second, we confront the dennettian’s explanation of the human evolution. Third, we analyze the language’s rol in the appearance of thought and is implication in the culture. Fourth, we conclude with a elucidation and two critics of the dennettian naturalism.keywordsDaniel C. Dennett, conciousness, evolution, intentionality. (shrink)
Este texto pretende analizar algunas incongruencias presentes en un reciente estudio fisiológico acerca del lenguaje que parte de la idea chomskyana de la existencia de una ‘instancia’ en la mente humana (reducible para ellos, por supuesto, al cerebro). Para ello, comenzaremos analizando la implausibilidad de esta tesis en apariencia reductivista que ha cobrado fuerza en los últimos años (la posibilidad de la existencia de un órgano del lenguaje) para mostrar que su naturalismo responde más a un dualismo de propiedades que (...) a un verdadero estudio sobre la intención lingüística (algo que expondremos en un segundo apartado). Para concluir, expondremos cómo consideramos que debe tratarse la convención lingüística, teniendo en cuenta tanto los últimos aportes de la semántica cognitiva como los últimos avances en biología evolutiva. (shrink)
En los últimos años, ha ido radicalizándose cada vez más una separación entre los defensores del análisis semántico del lenguaje y los partidarios de una visión pragmática del mismo. En base a establecer los inicios de dicha separación, presentamos en este texto las primeras disputas entre Austin y Strawson respecto de las nociones de verdad y significado, con la pretensión de establecer los términos en los cuales tendrán lugar los desarrollos posteriores. También presentaremos el origen de una dicotomía actual respecto (...) de la determinación del significado : actualmente se considera posible diferenciar entre lo que se dice y lo que se quiere decir. Defenderemos la visión austiniana de la determinación del significado, más allá de la intencionalidad presente en el lenguaje puesta de relieve por Grice, que apuesta por una visión contextualista del significado que tendrá implicaciones para la actual Teoría del Conocimiento y la actual Filosofía de la Mente. Este texto, además, pretende defender una concepción de la filosofía austiniana que haga justicia al leng uaje y a su naturaleza, al significado y a su determinación y al conocimiento y su justificación, intentando presentar, a su vez, una particular teoría del significado acorde con las actuales polémicas entre literalistas y contextualistas. In last years, has gone becoming more radical increasingly a separation between the defenders of the semantic analysis of language and the supporters of a pragmatic vision of language. On the basis of establishing the origins of above mentioned separation, we show the first disputes among Austin and Strawson on meaning and truth. Also we will present the beginning of a dichotomy respect the determination of meaning : nowadays it is considered possible to differ between what is said and what is meant. We will defend the austinian point of view from the determination of meaning, beyond the speaker's intention in language put from relief for Grice, who bets for a contextualist view of meaning that will have implications for Theory of Knowledge and Philosophy of Mind. In this paper, in addition, we try to defend a conception of the austinian philosophy that does justice to language and his nature, to meaning and his determination and to knowledge and his, trying to present, in turn, a particular theory of meaning according to the current polemics among literalists and contextualists. (shrink)
It has been argued that European Spanish plural indefinite noun phrases including algunos convey a partitive effect because the restrictor alg- provides additional properties. The reason that algunos implicates a “non-all-things” effect is because it refers only to an indeterminate part of the whole. The scope of bare plurals and unos, in contrast, does not exhibit this characteristic. This article argues that, contrarily to this claim, the scope of bare plurals and unos also induces partitivity because occurrences of these words (...) include unarticulated constituents. Therefore, European Spanish indefinite noun phrases pragmatically presuppose the relevant part of what the speaker intends to refer, which is also shared by the audience since it is part of the common ground both occupy. Hence, bare plurals and unos are always contextually restricted, since a covert variable present in the logical form cannot capture this contextual restriction. (shrink)
