We used social network analysis to examine a theoretical model exploring why, and under what circumstances, the perpetrators’ ostracizing behaviors are accurately perceived by the target employees. In turn, these perceptions of ostracism lead to the target employees’ counterproductive work behaviors. Adopting perspectives from both perpetrators and targets, we directly measured the ostracizing behaviors by all potential perpetrators and perceived workplace ostracism by target employees. We integrate Social information processing theory and conservation of resource theory to propose a moderated mediation (...) model, and found that employees who have a high level of need to belong are more likely to capture coworkers’ ostracizing behaviors, and those with low political skill are more likely to engage in counterproductive work behavior as their reaction to perceived workplace ostracism. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed. (shrink)

Disordered industrial expansion in a given region leads to the excessive consumption of resources and environmental deterioration. Therefore, the influence of the regional industrial structure and layout on the resource environmental carrying capacity is receiving attention. This study constructs a comprehensive analytical framework of the industries, population, the economy, resources, and the environment. This framework evaluates the importance of each industry with respect to regional socioeconomic development; furthermore, it classifies industries based on the evaluation results and assumes various development scenarios (...) for industrial restructuring. Based on ArcGIS spatial analysis tool, this study analyzes the consumption of resources and the environment in each township under the current development scenario. In addition, this study provides basic support for the optimization of the industrial space layout. The RECC is assessed under different development scenarios, and the results provide a basis for industrial restructuring. The results show that the Jingcheng Subdistrict consumes the most resources and environment among all the township units. However, since it has the highest GDP, it consumes the least resources and the environment per unit GDP overall. The results also show that the RECC with the development of the petroleum, coking, and nuclear fuel processing products industry can maximize the RECC of Jingjiang. The analytical framework in this study effectively connects regional industrial restructuring to the RECC, which can enhance the operability of the decision support. (shrink)

Multitasking evolutionary algorithm, which solves multiple optimization tasks simultaneously in a single run, has received considerable attention in the community of evolutionary computation, and several algorithms have been proposed in the literature. Unfortunately, knowledge transfer between constituent tasks may cause negative effect on algorithm performance, especially when the optimal solutions of all tasks are in different locations of the unified search space. To address this issue, an effective variable transformation strategy and the corresponding inverse transformation are proposed in multitasking optimization (...) scenario. After using variable transformation strategy, the estimated optimal solutions of all tasks are both near the center point of the unified search space. More importantly, this strategy can enhance the task similarity, and then the effectiveness of knowledge transfer will probably be positive in this case, which can help us to improve the algorithm performance. Keeping this in mind, a multitasking evolutionary algorithm is realized as an instance by embedding the proposed variable transformation strategy into multitasking differential evolution. In MTDE-VT, the individuals in the original population are first transformed into new locations by the variable transformation strategy. Once the offspring is generated in the transformed unified search space, it must be transformed back to the original unified search space. The statistical analysis of experimental results on some multitasking optimization benchmark problems illustrates the superiority of the proposed MTDE-VT algorithm in terms of solution accuracy and robustness. Furthermore, the basic principle and the good parameter combination are also provided based on massive simulated data. (shrink)

Urban space is the spatial projection of various social and economic activities. Given the complexity of urban functions and the ongoing expansion of urban areas, the spatial differentiation of various economic activities within cities tends to become more and more clear; moreover, there tends to be spatial inequalities in resource allocation. Taking Beijing as an example, this study develops a spatial accessibility model at the town level by integrating the spatial distribution of economic activities with the transport system and evaluating (...) the accessibility to various economic activities. The equality of the residents’ economic-related travel activity is also evaluated in line with the population distribution. The results show that the accessibility to economic activities generally decreases in going from the urban center to the peripheral suburbs, and this “core to edge” difference is readily apparent. In general, residents tend to choose areas to settle in which have a high degree of accessibility, however, the attractiveness of accessibility is constrained within certain limits, as evidenced by a reduction of population in the center of Beijing. Additionally, there are inequalities with respect to traveling experiences. For instance, 27.8% of residents experience very convenient travel conditions, mostly in the Xicheng, Dongcheng, and Haidian districts, and this equates to a high level of accessibility; about half of the residents in Beijing live in areas ranked as being of medium accessibility and where the distribution of economic activities and transportation facilities are insufficient. Residents living in the outlying Changping, Mentougou, Shunyi, and Fangshan districts have relatively poor access to transportation indicating a low level of accessibility. Overall, the evaluation method for spatial equality considers comprehensively the distribution of economic activities, transportation, and population distribution and can provide a reference framework for optimization of the urban spatial structure to improve urban spatial equality. (shrink)

Based on the data of Chinese enterprises that entered the Fortune 500 list in 2015, this paper utilizes the eclectic model to construct the inter-city association network. Using the network analysis method, the spatial connection characteristics of 311 inter-city networks at prefecture level and above and 20 urban agglomerations networks in China are examined, respectively. The research found the following: the overall connectivity of city network is poor, the centripetal concentration is strong, and the network is not complete. The city (...) network structure shows three tendencies, with a concentration in political centers, a concentration in coastal areas, and a concentration in resource-based cities. The external economic dependence of each node city in national city network is high, and the city network structure has distinctly flattening characteristics. Network function of cities is obviously different in multiscale region. Large cities and regional centers have more balanced function systems than the small- and medium-sized cities do. The network of urban agglomerations is characterized by decentralization of power, differentiation of status, and dependence on external connections. The radiation effect of three major urban agglomerations in coastal China is strong, but the radiation effect of other urban agglomerations needs to be strengthened. Both city networks and agglomeration economies have positive impact on economic growth of the city. The economic performance of city networks is differentiated between urban agglomeration cities and nonurban agglomeration cities, as well as between cities of different scale levels. This study provides new evidence for understanding the spatial relations and expansion of Chinese city networks. (shrink)