Bernardino of Siena and Giovanni of Capestrano, both preachers and among the most relevant figures of the Observance, shaped that branch of the Franciscan Order during the first half of the fifteenth century. After Bernardino's death in 1444 Giovanni zealously promoted his friend's canonization, which occurred in 1450. The Observants' first sanctified friar signaled the official legitimacy of this branch of the Order and Giovanni subsequently tried to establish L'Aquila, Bernardino's place of death, as the center of the Franciscan reform (...) movement.By exploring the visual impact of Giovanni of Capestrano's mission and preaching north of the Alps, this contribution analyzes... (shrink)

Cílem textu je načrtnout ty rysy filosofie Johna Searla, které ji činí objektivním, v jistém smyslu empirickým zkoumáním, jehož předmětem je náš vědomý či mentální život a jeho intencionalita. Searlův přístup k tomuto fenoménu není zcela naturalistický, neboť je pro něj podstatná tzv. perspektiva první osoby. Chápání vědomého života jako přírodního fenoménu se projevuje jiným způsobem: především tak, že chápe intencionalitu jako evolučně rozvrstvenou.

lnek se vnuje problematice experiment a jejich explicitnmu i skrytmu vyuvn v ekonomii. Vzhledem k charakteru tto vdeck metody je vhodnost jejho zahrnut do metodologickho apartu vdy asto diskutabiln, v ppad ekonomie o to vce, e se jedn o vdu velmi komplexn a majc jako pedmt zkouman jednotlivce i ekonomick systm jako celek. Po konfrontaci vybranch ekonomickch smr ve smyslu jejich postoje k ovovn hypotz (draz je kladen na srovnn praxeologie a metodologickho pozitivismu) je kriticky zhodnocena skuten rove ekonomickho experimentovn. (...) V prci je na zklad definovn souvislost mezi ekonomi a politologi identifikovno rozshl ovovn zvr ekonomickch teori v praxi a diskutovn rozmr tohoto zjitn. (shrink)

Wenn man den freien Willen nicht mehr als ursachenlose Ursache bzw. als Erstauslöser deutet, sondern als neuronal und kulturell bedingte Fähigkeit begreift, für verschiedene Gründe zugänglich zu sein und ungehindert Entschlüsse fassen zu können, so kann man durch Tadel im Sinne eines asymmetrischen Sprachspiels - so die These - lernen, willensfrei(er) zu werden und aus Gründen zu handeln. Tadel ist somit in der Erziehung unentbehrlich, denn bevor man sich für einleuchtende Gründe entscheidet, muss man überhaupt aus Gründen handeln und ungehindert (...) entscheiden können. Obwohl dieser Eingriff als eine die Freiheit nicht fördernde Intervention erscheinen mag, kann er mentale Ereignisse in Gang setzen, mit denen Entschlüsse erneut abgewogen werden können, wodurch sich ein Zuwachs an Willensfreiheit doch noch ereignet. Die alte pädagogische Antinomie von Zwang und Freiheit ist damit auflösbar, ohne die neuronale Bedingtheit mentaler Phänomene zu leugnen. (shrink)

Autora: Susanne Katherina Langer Tradução: Clovis Salgado Gontijo Oliveira Obra: LANGER, Susanne Katherina. The Lord of Creation. Fortune Magazine, v. 30. P. 127-154. 1944. O senhor da Criação Resumo: Neste artigo, publicado pela revista Fortune em 1944, a filósofa estadunidense Susanne K. Langer retoma temas fundamentais de sua obra mais célebre, Filosofia em nova chave, cuja primeira edição data de 1942. Em linguagem acessível destinada a público não especializado, a autora sintetiza sua concepção antropológica, visitando questões como (...) a especificidade de nossa mentalidade; a distinção entre os signos e os símbolos, assim como entre as esferas do real e do possível; a transformação simbólica; a essência da linguagem; a relevância de formas articuladas não discursivas para a expressão e a cognição humanas; a conexão entre a razão e a loucura. Para além de uma mera síntese, Langer relaciona, de modo sagaz e oportuno, tais aspectos ao período de guerra no qual escreveu este artigo, ao observar, como sintoma da crise cultural de então, a perda de referências simbólicas e a substituição dos antigos símbolos (míticos e religiosos) por aquele do nacionalismo. Palavras-chave: Expressão; Signo; Símbolo; Linguagem; Crise da Cultura The Lord of Creation Abstract: The American philosopher Susanne K. Langer reviews, in this article, published by Fortune Magazine in 1944, some fundamental themes of her most renowned work, Philosophy in a New Key, firstly edited in 1942. The author sums up her anthropological conception, through an accessible language intended to a general public, examining topics such as the specific trait of our mentality; the distinction between signs and symbols, as well as between the domains of the real and the possible; symbolic transformation; the essence of language; the importance of non-discursive articulate forms for human expression and cognition; the relationship between reason and lunacy. In addition to that synthesis, Langer relates those aspects, in an insightful and opportune way, to the war period when this article was written, observing, as a symptom of the cultural crisis of that time, the loss of symbolic references and the substitution of the old symbols (mythical and religious) for the one of nationalism. Keywords: Expression; Sign; Symbol; Language; Crisis of Culture El Señor de la Creación Resumen: En este artículo, publicado por la revista Fortune en 1944, la filósofa estadounidense Susanne K. Langer reanuda temas fundamentales de su más célebre obra, Nueva clave de la filosofía, cuya primera edición data de 1942. Por medio de un lenguaje accesible destinado a un público no especializado, la autora sintetiza su concepción antropológica, examinando cuestiones como la especificidad de nuestra mentalidad; la distinción entre los signos y los símbolos, así como entre los campos de lo real y de lo posible; la transformación simbólica; la esencia del lenguaje; el importante rol de las formas articuladas no discursivas para la expresión y la cognición humanas; la conexión entre razón y locura. Más que una mera síntesis, Langer relaciona esos aspectos de modo agudo y oportuno, al período de guerra en el cual escribió este artículo, al observar, como síntoma de la crisis cultural de entonces, la pérdida de referencias simbólicas y la sustitución de los antiguos símbolos (míticos y religiosos) por aquel del nacionalismo. Palabras clave: Expresión; Signo; Símbolo; Lenguaje; Crisis de la Cultura Data de registro: 28/10/2022 Data de aceite: 01/02/2023. (shrink)

Bringing together diverse theoretical and empirical contributions from the fields of social and cognitive psychology, philosophy, and science education, this volume explores representational pluralism as a phenomenon characteristic of human cognition. Building on these disciplines' shared interest in understanding human thought, perception, and conceptual change, the volume illustrates how representational plurality can be conducive to research and practice in varied fields. Particular care is taken to emphasize points of convergence and the value of sharing discourses, models, justifications, and theories of (...) pluralism across disciplines. The editors give ample space for philosophers, cognitive scientists and educators to explicate the history and current status of representational pluralism in their own disciplines. Using multiple forms of research from the relational perspective, this volume will be of interest to students, scholars and researchers with an interest in cognitive psychology, as well as educational psychology and philosophy of science. (shrink)

John Searle je profesor filosofie na University of California v Berkeley. Do filosofie se nesmazatelně zapsal již svou ranou teorií řečových aktů , která významně ovlivnila současné pojetí jazyka. Searle v ní klade důraz na mínění mluvčího a posluchače a na roli jejich mínění při ustavování významu. Searlův zájem o mysl a intencionalitu později vyústil v komplexní teorii intencionality a v úvahy o ontologii mysli a vědomí a o začlenění vědomí do světa přírody . Se zájmem o mysl souvisí i (...) slavný argument obvykle nazývaný „čínská místnost“, který je zaměřen proti teorii silné umělé inteligence, tedy proti názoru, že mysl může vzniknout implementací počítačového programu. Úvahy o jazyce a intencionalitě také předznačily Searlovo další velké téma a další originální příspěvek k filosofii – jeho ontologii sociální reality , na níž v současné době dále pracuje. Jiným Searlovým důležitým filosofickým tématem je racionalita . Následující rozhovor se uskutečnil u příležitosti Searlovy návštěvy v Praze ve dnech 8.–11. října 2007, kdy Searle přednesl dvě přednášky na téma sociální reality a úlohy jazyka v jejím ustavování. Za laskavou spolupráci při zpracování rozhovoru patří dík paní Dagmar Searle. (shrink)

As has been shown by several studies, teaching is a highly stressful occupation (Johnson et al., 2005), and most teachers experience work stress. Long-term stress decreases job satisfaction and can result in chronic exhaustion which can develop into burnout syndrome. Implications of burnout syndrome are strongly negative both for the personal and professional life of teachers. As burnout syndrome puts teachers’ well-being, quality of the teaching process and relationships with students at risk, it is important to seek ways to avoid (...) teachersÉ’ burnout. Many studies have confirmed the protective role that coping strategies play in managing stressful situations, teacher’s self-efficacy or social support. In previous studies, a negative connection was found between burnout syndrome and job satisfaction. Job satisfaction is a crucial element in the definition of wellbeing. We find wellbeing rather not as a resource for burnout prevention but as an opposite state to burnout syndrome. The paper presents a quantitative survey on burnout syndrome and related variables among Czech elementary school teachers (n = 2,394). According to burnout score, two subgroups were selected – teachers with no burnout manifestations and teachers with developing/developed burnout syndrome. Through the statistical analysis, these two groups were compared in job satisfaction, self-efficacy, coping strategies, and social support. The study shows significant differences between the two groups of teachers... (shrink)

University study can be a life period of heightened psychological distress for many students. The development of new preventive and intervention programs to support well-being in university students is a fundamental challenge for mental health professionals. We designed an 8-week online mindfulness-based program combining a face-to-face approach, text, audio, video components, and support psychotherapy principles with a unique intensive reminder system using the Facebook Messenger and Slack applications in two separate runs. We assessed the program’s effect on mindful experiencing, perceived (...) stress, emotion regulation strategies, self-compassion, negative affect, and quality of life. The results of the presented pilot study confirmed that eMBP is a feasible and effective tool in university students’ mental health support. The students who completed the eMBP reported a reduction of perceived stress with a large effect size as well as a decrease of negative affect experience frequency and intensity, an increase of being mindful in their life, and a higher rate of self-compassion with a medium effect size. A small effect size was found in the frequency of using a cognitive reappraisal strategy. One new result is the observation of an eMBP effect on the decrease in attributed importance to the quality-of-life components replicated in two consecutive runs of the program. The study affirms that mindfulness-based interventions can be effectively delivered in an eHealth form to university students. (shrink)

Although to the readers of Utopian Studies Darko Suvin remains perhaps best known for his criticism of science fiction, much of his recent writing has fallen into the category of Marxist political epistemology. Of note are In Leviathan's Belly: Essays for a Counter-Revolutionary Time (2012), his analysis of former Yugoslavia in Splendour, Misery, and Potentialities: An X-ray of Socialist Yugoslavia (2017) as well as a number of shorter works on subjects that range from the Russian Revolution to George Orwell's Nineteen (...) Eighty-Four. For decades, Suvin has also written (about) poetry: he discussed verse already in the 1979 The Metamorphoses of Science Fiction: On the Poetics and History of a Literary Genre and his... Read More. (shrink)

Ever since I encountered Lyman Tower Sargent's writing, he has signified to me a scholar whose lifelong dedication to utopian thought and literature has nurtured generations of students, critics, and practitioners of utopia. It is for this reason that my birthday wishes briefly place Lyman's work alongside that of William Morris—a writer, critic, designer, and activist whose inspiration was the past.

In addition to two Czech translations of Thomas More’s Utopia—one from 1950 by Bohumil Ryba, the other from 1911 by Jiří Foustka—More’s imaginary society has been introduced into the Czech context through prefaces and afterwords that accompanied the translations, through journalistic essays, and through a number of scholarly articles and book-length studies. Drawing on several such recently published accounts of More’s life and his work, the following pages first sketch contemporary debates about Utopia in the Czech Republic. Subsequently, I devote (...) myself to the translations by Ryba and Foustka. Besides discussing them in detail, I consider the paratexts, alongside selected critical studies as well... (shrink)

“Since 1989 we have lived in a world where the nightmare of socialist science fiction has become reality: capitalism has won. With some exceptions, we have no alternative visions of economic, technological, and social future, no visions that would spring from anything besides capitalism”.1 With these words, Tomáš Pospiszyl closes the introduction to a volume that accompanied a recent exhibition about imaginary futures in socialist Czechoslovakia organized in Dům umění in Brno and Centrum současného umění Dox in Prague. Pospiszyl’s idea (...) indeed echoes through contemporary Czech culture. At second sight, however, through the over-a-century-old... (shrink)

Die vorliegende Untersuchung erbringt einen akribisch aus den Texten erarbeiteten Nachweis der Rezeption aristotelischer, peripatetischer und neuplatonischer Schriften durch Meister Eckhart. Sie zeigt detailliert, wie er durch Abgrenzung gegen den naturalistischen Ansatz "des Philosophen", durch Umpolung, aber auch integrierende Adaption aristotelischer Theoreme die Konturen seiner Theologie schärft und zugleich Konzepte und Modelle für die Formulierung einer christlichen Mystik von hoher Originalität gewinnt. Eckharts produktive Aristoteles-Rezeption kann zur Reflexion von Elementen unseres gegenwärtigen Selbst- und Weltverständnisses beitragen. Sie ist auch ein Beispiel (...) für die Mobilisierung einer spirituellen Subjektivität gegen institutionelle Verfestigungen. (shrink)

According to Peter Harrison's book The Bible, Protestantism and the Rise of Natural Science modern science came into existence as a result of the emphasis of Protestants on the literal sense of the Scripture, their refusal of the earlier symbolic or allegorical interpretation, and their efforts at fixing the meaning of the biblical text in which each passage was to be ascribed a single and unique meaning. This article tries to summarize the most significant critiques of Harrison's hypothesis and to (...) acknowledge their legitimacy. However, the alternative explanation of the emergence of modern science as a result of disputes over the biblical interpretation and the subsequent discovery of the ambiguous character of the ordinary verbal language is not fully satisfactory either. (shrink)

The article picks up the threads of especially Martin Muslow’s 1990s research and describes the distinctiveness of the “relational metaphysics of resemblance” in the middle of the seventeenth century. The late Renaissance metaphysical outlines, carried out in the Comenius circle, are characteristic for their relationality, accent on universal resemblance, providentialism, pansensism, sensualism, triadism – and also for their effort to define metaphysical terms properly. While Comenians share the last – and only the last – feature with Cartesians, they differ in (...) the other features. Therefore, Cartesians and Comenians cannot come to terms in the issue of the proper definitions either. Quite on the contrary, they oppose each other on this issue. By means of Johann Clauberg’s criticism of Georg Ritschel and René Descartes’s only supposedly “mysterious” and “solipsist” second meditation, the article turns a Cartesian mirror to the Comenian metaphysical project. In its light, the definitions of Georg Ritschel, Johann Heinrich Bisterfeld and Jan Amos Comenius turn out to be unacceptable for Cartesians (and also for Thomists and, in part, for Baconians). Despite their superficially Aristotelian-scholastic appearance, their content is notably Paracelsian-Campanellian (with a Timplerian foundation). Even though Comenian definitions of metaphysical terms had been refused and refuted by Cartesians, they experienced a second lifespan in their robust influence on Leibniz and Newton. (shrink)

In this article, I first reconsider the personal links between Comenius and Leibniz, searching for how Comenian texts and ideas may have reached Leibniz. For that reason, I outline a constellation of thinkers within Central European Protestantism, since a vast majority of the important intellectuals with some noteworthy link both to Comenius and Leibniz were based there. Second, I investigate more closely one particular intellectual link between Comenius and Leibniz, namely their common combinatorial standpoint, because the striking parallels, connections and (...) similarities between Comenius’s and Leibniz’s ideas on combinatorics, universal language and relational metaphysics have been largely overlooked thus far. (shrink)

Článek se soustředí na téma, jemuž dosud mezi českými badateli nebyla věnována patřičná pozornost. Uvádí do českého prostředí přírodní filosofii Tommasa Campanelly OP (1568–1639), přičemž se zaměřuje na jeho kosmologii, astrologii, magii, medicínu a prorocké vize. Jsou zdůrazněny některé z jeho antiaristotelských tezí a v neposlední řadě je poukázáno na zajímavé paralely, analogie a průniky se staršími autory (Dante, Ficino…) i současníky (Komenský, Galileo…). Závěrečné tvrzení, že Campanella nepatří k průkopníkům moderní vědy, ale spíše k starší renesanční hermeticko-magicko-platónské tradici, by (...) nemělo zastínit literární a rétorickou kvalitu jeho spisů, především jeho metaforiku a obraznost. (shrink)

Článek se soustředí na téma, jemuž dosud mezi českými badateli nebyla věnována patřičná pozornost. Uvádí do českého prostředí přírodní filosofii Tommasa Campanelly OP (1568–1639), přičemž se zaměřuje na jeho kosmologii, astrologii, magii, medicínu a prorocké vize. Jsou zdůrazněny některé z jeho antiaristotelských tezí a v neposlední řadě je poukázáno na zajímavé paralely, analogie a průniky se staršími autory (Dante, Ficino…) i současníky (Komenský, Galileo…). Závěrečné tvrzení, že Campanella nepatří k průkopníkům moderní vědy, ale spíše k starší renesanční hermeticko-magicko-platónské tradici, by (...) nemělo zastínit literární a rétorickou kvalitu jeho spisů, především jeho metaforiku a obraznost. (shrink)

Josef Čapek’s writings from between 1914 and 1920 present a distinctive conception of primitivism, which was, beginning in the early twentieth century, of fundamental importance for the development of modern trends in the fine arts, in connection with the essential change in understanding the term ‘art’. Two manuscript version of the essay Umění přírodních národů (The art of primitive peoples) from 1914 to 1916 and the article ‘Sochařství černochů’ (Negro sculpture) from 1918 are amongst the first European critical attempts to (...) interpret ethnic art. Čapek presents the ‘art of the savages’ (divošské umění) as fully fledged art, and he tries to analyse its principles of expression. He compares them to current trends in art. The essays from the volume Nejskromnější umění (The humblest art, 1919–20), which consider other dimensions of primitivism, present a particular definition and expansion of the term ‘art’. In contrast to academic virtuosity, Čapek here emphasizes values of hitherto peripheral and unacknowledged areas of artistic expression, and achieves a distinctively personal revision of the traditional conception of the boundaries of the work of art and therefore also its essence and purpose. The essay ‘Sociální užitečnost umění’ (The social utility of art, 1919) also relates to these questions. (shrink)

Prospect Theory (PT) is widely regarded as the most promising descriptive model for decision making under uncertainty. Various tests have corroborated the validity of the characteristic fourfold pattern of risk attitudes implied by the combination of probability weighting and value transformation. But is it also safe to assume stable PT preferences at the individual level? This is not only an empirical but also a conceptual question. Measuring the stability of preferences in a multi-parameter decision model such as PT is far (...) more complex than evaluating single-parameter models such as Expected Utility Theory under the assumption of constant relative risk aversion. There exist considerable interdependencies among parameters such that allegedly diverging parameter combinations could in fact produce very similar preference structures. In this paper, we provide a theoretic framework for measuring the (temporal) stability of PT parameters. To illustrate our methodology, we further apply our approach to 86 subjects for whom we elicit PT parameters twice, with a time lag of 1 month. While documenting remarkable stability of parameter estimates at the aggregate level, we find that a third of the subjects show significant instability across sessions. (shrink)

Previous research in Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) suggests that a main aim of explainability approaches is to satisfy specific interests, goals, expectations, needs, and demands regarding artificial systems (we call these “stakeholders' desiderata”) in a variety of contexts. However, the literature on XAI is vast, spreads out across multiple largely disconnected disciplines, and it often remains unclear how explainability approaches are supposed to achieve the goal of satisfying stakeholders' desiderata. This paper discusses the main classes of stakeholders calling for explainability (...) of artificial systems and reviews their desiderata. We provide a model that explicitly spells out the main concepts and relations necessary to consider and investigate when evaluating, adjusting, choosing, and developing explainability approaches that aim to satisfy stakeholders' desiderata. This model can serve researchers from the variety of different disciplines involved in XAI as a common ground. It emphasizes where there is interdisciplinary potential in the evaluation and the development of explainability approaches. (shrink)

In Industry 4.0 completely new production worlds are emerging, where robots are becoming a key element and where common human skill activities and thinking are commonly surpassed. The growing degree of automation and the interconnection of the digital and the real-world create an environment that requires a set of interdisciplinary skills. For the sustainability of enterprises in this environment, human creativity acquires an irreplaceable role. The aim is to compare the application of selected values in corporate culture, which creates a (...) space for increasing the creativity of employees from the perspective of different sizes of enterprises. The research sample consists of 1,716 companies of the Czech and Slovakia that participated in the questionnaire survey. The results of the independent T-test confirmed significant differences in the applied values between the countries being compared. Differences in terms of business size have been further explored through the ANOVA test and the Tukey HSD test. The results subsequently confirmed that the values: work meaningfulness, passion for work, and trust are applied more significantly to microenterprises in both the countries, creating an environment that supports creativity. (shrink)

This book presents a study of human intelligence beginning with a semantic theory and leading into a critique of music.

Je me propose de réfléchir ici sur une éthique pour notre temps, un temps où l'on reconnaît à chacun de nous la liberté de trouver sa propre voie, ses propres sources d'épanouissement, de choisir la forme d'existence qui lui convient. Il importe, m'a-t-il semblé, de déterminer et de s'approprier dès lors une éthique véritablement compatible avec des existences faites sur mesure, une éthique à laquelle chacun, malgré sa singularité, peut s'identifier. Où est le droit chemin quand tant de parcours différents (...) sont possibles? Quels jugements moraux porter sur ses semblables quand ils se comportent de manière si dissemblable? Quelle éthique convient-il de se donner pour vivre de manière constructive dans un monde en constante évolution sociale, technologique et scientifique? Comment surmonter la crise des valeurs que plusieurs considèrent comme caractéristique de notre époque? La réponse réside dans ce que j'appellerai une éthique de la coexistence. L'idée centrale en est la suivante : ce qui compte moralement, ce n'est pas la manière dont on existe (individuellement), mais la manière dont on coexiste. A mon sens, une éthique nous parlera d'autant plus aujourd'hui qu'elle ambitionnera d'en dire le moins sur ce que c'est que d'être homme ou femme, qu'elle spéculera le moins possible au niveau métaphysique, pour porter toute son attention sur la relation entre les humains et sur leur diversité. C'est à ce prix qu'il est possible de donner véritablement un sens concret à la liberté individuelle et au principe d'égalité sans rien enlever à la solidarité humaine. (shrink)

Mündigkeit, verstanden als vernünftige Selbstbestimmung im Sinne einer Handlungsdisposition, sich ohne Anleitung von außen seiner Vernunft, Freiheit und Sprache zu bedienen, drückt sich in überlegungszugänglichen Entschlussfähigkeiten aufgrund eigener Willensbildungsprozesse aus. Gegenstand der in Grundzügen zu entwickelnden pädagogischen Theorie des Willens ist jene Kommunikation, die in allen Erziehungsbereichen (wie z. B. Umwelt-, Sexual- oder Spielerziehung) stattfinden kann. Ihr Ziel ist die Personwerdung. Als Erziehung zur Mündigkeit, also zur und durch Vernunft, Freiheit und Sprache, will und soll sie rationale Überlegungs- und Entschlussfähigkeiten (...) aufgrund emotionaler Bedingungen vermitteln, wobei sich - so die These - der Zu-Erziehende in jedem Erziehungsbereich einen freien und vernünftigen Willen aneignen kann. Grenzen dieser in Form von Sprachspielen stattfindenden Willenserziehung bestehen darin, dass die tatsächliche Aneignung im Sinne sozialisierender Willensbildung von außen nicht bewirkt, dagegen von Aporien der Vernunft und gesellschaftlichen Zwängen ständig behindert werden kann. (shrink)

Offering a Canadian perspective on the emotional health of servicemen and women, Military Operations and the Mind brings together researchers and practitioners from across the country to consider the impact that ethical issues have on the well-being of those who serve. Stemming from an initiative to enhance the lives of serving members by providing them with the best education and training in military ethics before and after deployments, this volume will better inform politics and public policies and enhance the welfare (...) of the soldiers, sailors, and airmen and women who serve in singular, often harsh, and sometimes dangerous conditions. By integrating into the analysis the critical issue of well-being, this emerging field demonstrates a more holistic approach and is distinct from other fields in military, historical, philosophical, and behavioural studies. The first study of its kind, Military Operations and the Mind presents a new and helpful way to focus on the life of soldiers not only in operations overseas, but also once they return home. (shrink)

Les institutions - et en premier lieu l'Eglise - où s'exprimait et se vivait l'expérience du sacré se sont peu à peu effritées. Mais le sacré déborde le cadre des institutions et il en reste des vestiges, entre autres, dans la littérature. C'est dans l'oeuvre de Cioran que Sara Danièle Bélanger Michaud les a cherchés. Emil Michel Cioran (1911 - 1995) est un philosophe et essayiste d'origine roumaine qui a vécu en France à partir de 1937. Il est principalement connu (...) pour ses aphorismes et pour son recueil De l'inconvénient d'être né, paru en 1973. Dans son essai, l'auteure présente son oeuvre comme une manifestation de la quête du sacré et une nouvelle manière de l'habiter. Elle écrit : " Qu'il soit question de sa quête spirituelle (ou de son ratage spirituel), de ses rencontres avec l'absolu, de ses expériences d'extase, de son obsession pour le doute ou encore de sa nature religieuse à rebours, c'est toujours en même temps du sacré dont il est question ". (shrink)

Sustainable development (SD) – that is, “Development that meets the needs of current generations without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their needs and aspirations” – can be pursued in many different ways. Stakeholder relations management (SRM) is one such way, through which corporations are confronted with economic, social, and environmental stakeholder claims. This paper lays the groundwork for an empirical analysis of the question of how far SD can be achieved through SRM. It describes the so-called SD–SRM (...) perspective as a distinctive research approach and shows how it relates to the wider body of stakeholder theory. Next, the concept of SD is operationalized for the microeconomic level with reference to important documents. Based on the ensuing SD framework, it is shown how SD and SRM relate to each other, and how the two concepts relate to other popular concepts such as Corporate Sustainability and Corporate Social Responsibility. The paper concludes that the significance of societal guiding models such as SD and of management approaches like CSR is strongly dependent on their footing in society. (shrink)

Proposes a theory of evolution that accounts for the development of human intellect from animal mentality.

Orthomodular posets form an algebraic formalization of the logic of quantum mechanics. A central question is how to introduce implication in such a logic. We give a positive answer whenever the orthomodular poset in question is of finite height. The crucial advantage of our solution is that the corresponding algebra, called implication orthomodular poset, i.e. a poset equipped with a binary operator of implication, corresponds to the original orthomodular poset and that its implication operator is everywhere defined. We present here (...) a complete list of axioms for implication orthomodular posets. This enables us to derive an axiomatization in Gentzen style for the algebraizable logic of orthomodular posets of finite height. (shrink)