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Larry Alexander [98]Larry A. Alexander [4]Larry D. Alexander [1]
  1.  94
    Crime and Culpability: A Theory of Criminal Law.Larry Alexander, Kimberly Kessler Ferzan & Stephen J. Morse - 2009 - New York: Cambridge University Press. Edited by Kimberly Kessler Ferzan & Stephen J. Morse.
    This book presents a comprehensive overview of what the criminal law would look like if organised around the principle that those who deserve punishment should receive punishment commensurate with, but no greater than, that which they deserve. Larry Alexander and Kimberly Kessler Ferzan argue that desert is a function of the actor's culpability, and that culpability is a function of the risks of harm to protected interests that the actor believes he is imposing and his reasons for acting in the (...)
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  2. The Ontology of Consent.Larry Alexander - 2014 - Analytic Philosophy 55 (1):102-113.
  3. “The Moral Magic of Consent.Larry Alexander - 1996 - Legal Theory 2 (3):165-174.
    I begin my analysis of consent by agreeing with Professor Hurd that consent functions as a “moral transformative” by altering the obligations and permissions that determine the Tightness of others' actions. I further agree with her that consent is intimately related to the capacity for autonomous action; one who cannot alter others' obligations through consent is not fully autonomous. I cannot improve on her elaboration of these points.
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  4.  31
    Demystifying Legal Reasoning.Larry Alexander & Emily Sherwin (eds.) - 2008 - Cambridge University Press.
    Demystifying Legal Reasoning defends the proposition that there are no special forms of reasoning peculiar to law. Legal decision makers engage in the same modes of reasoning that all actors use in deciding what to do: open-ended moral reasoning, empirical reasoning, and deduction from authoritative rules. This book addresses common law reasoning when prior judicial decisions determine the law, and interpretation of texts. In both areas, the popular view that legal decision makers practise special forms of reasoning is false.
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  5. Consent Does Not Require Communication: A Reply to Dougherty.Larry Alexander, Heidi Hurd & Peter Westen - 2016 - Law and Philosophy 35 (6):655-660.
  6.  29
    In Defense of the Standard Picture: The Basic Challenge.Larry Alexander - 2021 - Ratio Juris 34 (3):187-206.
    In this article I defend what Mark Greenberg has labeled the standard picture of law against the attack on it by Greenberg and Scott Hershovitz. I point out that law on the standard picture’s conception of it has moral virtues that Greenberg's own moral impact theory and Hershovitz’s similar theory lack. Moreover, it avoids a vicious circularity that bedevils Greenberg’s theory.
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  7. The rule of rules: morality, rules, and the dilemmas of law.Larry Alexander (ed.) - 2001 - Durham: Duke University Press.
    In "The Rule of Rules" Larry Alexander and Emily Sherwin examine this dilemma.
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  8. Law and Exclusionary Reasons.Larry Alexander - 1990 - Philosophical Topics 18 (1):5-22.
  9. “Moore or Less” Causation and Responsibility: Reviewing Michael S. Moore, Causation and Responsibility: An Essay in Law, Morals and Metaphysics.Larry Alexander & Kimberly Kessler Ferzan - 2012 - Criminal Law and Philosophy 6 (1):81-92.
  10.  71
    Can Self-Defense Justify Punishment?Larry Alexander - 2013 - Law and Philosophy 32 (2-3):159-175.
    This piece is a review essay on Victor Tadros’s The Ends of Harm. Tadros rejects retributive desert but believes punishment can be justified instrumentally without succumbing to the problems of thoroughgoing consequentialism and endorsing using people as means. He believes he can achieve these results through extension of the right of self-defense. I argue that Tadros fails in this endeavor: he has a defective account of the means principle; his rejection of desert leads to gross mismatches of punishment and culpability; (...)
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  11.  15
    Is There a Right of Freedom of Expression?Larry Alexander - 2005 - Cambridge University Press.
    In this provocative book, Alexander offers a sceptical appraisal of the claim that freedom of expression is a human right. He examines the various contexts in which a right to freedom of expression might be asserted and concludes that such a right cannot be supported in any of these contexts. He argues that some legal protection of freedom of expression is surely valuable, though the form such protection will take will vary with historical and cultural circumstances and is not a (...)
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  12. Self-defense, justification and excuse.Larry Alexander - 1993 - Philosophy and Public Affairs 22 (1):53-66.
  13. Pursuing the good-indirectly.Larry Alexander - 1985 - Ethics 95 (2):315-332.
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  14. Retributivism and the inadvertent punishment of the innocent.Larry Alexander - 1983 - Law and Philosophy 2 (2):233 - 246.
    Retributivism is generally thought to forbid the punishment of the innocent, even if such punishment would produce otherwise good results, such as deterrence. It has recently been argued that because capital punishment always entails the risk of executing an innocent person, instituting capital punishment is tantamount to intentionally taking innocent lives and therefore cannot be justified on retributive grounds. I argue that there are several versions of retributivism, only one of which might categorically forbid risking punishing innocent persons. I also (...)
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  15. Scalar properties, binary judgments.Larry Alexander - 2008 - Journal of Applied Philosophy 25 (2):85–104.
    In the moral realm, our deontic judgments are usually (always?) binary. An act (or omission) is either morally forbidden or morally permissible. 1 Yet the determination of an act's deontic status frequently turns on the existence of properties that are matters of degree. In what follows I shall give several examples of binary moral judgments that turn on scalar properties, and I shall claim that these examples should puzzle us. How can the existence of a property to a specific degree (...)
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  16.  17
    Reflections on crime and culpability: problems and puzzles.Larry Alexander - 2018 - New York, NY, USA: Cambridge University Press. Edited by Kimberly Kessler Ferzan.
    In 2009 Larry Alexander and Kimberly Ferzan published Crime and Culpability: A Theory of Criminal Law. The book set out a theory that those who deserve punishment should receive punishment commensurate with, but no greater than, that which they deserve. Reflections on Crime and Culpability: Problems and Puzzles expands on their innovative ideas on the application of punishment in criminal law. Theorists working in criminal law theory presuppose or ignore puzzles that lurk beneath the surface. Now those who wish to (...)
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  17. Reconsidering the Relationship among Voluntary Acts, Strict Liability, and Negligence in Criminal Law.Larry Alexander - 1990 - Social Philosophy and Policy 7 (2):84.
    This essay, as will become obvious, owes a huge debt to Mark Kelman, particularly to his article “Interpretative Construction in the Substantive Criminal Law.” That debt is one of both concept and content. There is rich irony in my aping Kelman's deconstructionist enterprise, for I do not share his enthusiasm for either the “insights” or the political agenda of the Critical Legal Studies movement. I do not believe that either the law in general or the criminal law in particular is (...)
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  18. What is freedom of association, and what is its denial?Larry Alexander - 2008 - Social Philosophy and Policy 25 (2):1-21.
    Freedom of association, as I understand it, refers to the liberty a person possesses to enter into relationships with others—for any and all purposes, for a momentary or long-term duration, by contract, consent, or acquiescence. It likewise refers to the liberty to refuse to enter into such relationships or to terminate them when not otherwise compelled by one's voluntary assumption of an obligation to maintain the relationship. Freedom of association thus is a quite capacious liberty.
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  19. Consent, punishment, and proportionality.Larry Alexander - 1986 - Philosophy and Public Affairs 15 (2):178-182.
  20.  76
    Is There a Case for Strict Liability?Larry Alexander - 2018 - Criminal Law and Philosophy 12 (3):531-538.
    In this short paper, I shall answer the title’s question first in the context of criminal law and then in the context of tort law. In that latter section, I shall also mention in passing contractual and other forms of civil liability that are strict, although they will not be my principal focus. My conclusions will be that strict liability is never proper as the basis for retributive punishment; that it is a very crude device for achieving deterrence through nonretributive (...)
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  21.  33
    Proportionality’s Function.Larry Alexander - 2021 - Criminal Law and Philosophy 15 (3):361-372.
    In this paper I argue that punishment should be proportional to desert; that desert turns solely on culpability and not on results: that culpability is a function of what the actor perceives are the risks of his act to others’ interests and the reasons he perceives that might justify, excuse, or aggravate taking those risks; that because culpability is a complex function, ordinally ranking acts in terms of culpability is quite difficult; that converting the ordinal ranking into cardinal measures of (...)
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  22. Liberalism, neutrality, and equality of welfare vs. equality of resources.Larry Alexander & Maimon Schwarzschild - 1987 - Philosophy and Public Affairs 16 (1):85-110.
  23. Constitutionalism: philosophical foundations.Larry Alexander (ed.) - 1998 - New York: Cambridge University Press.
    This is the second volume in a sub-series of specially commissioned collaborative volumes on key topics at the heart of contemporary philosophy of law that will be appearing regularly within Cambridge Studies in Philosophy and Law. A distinguished international team of legal theorists examine the issue of constitutionalism and pose such foundational questions as: why have a constitution? How do we know what the constitution of a country really is? How should a constitution be interpreted? Why should one generation feel (...)
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  24. You Got What You Deserved.Larry Alexander - 2013 - Criminal Law and Philosophy 7 (2):309-319.
    The Philosophy of Criminal Law collects 17 of Doug Husak’s articles on legal theory, 16 of which have been previously published, spanning a period of over two decades. In sum, these 17 articles make a huge and lasting contribution to criminal law theory. There is much wisdom contained in them; and I find surprisingly little to disagree with, making my job as a critical reviewer quite challenging. Most of the points on which Doug and I disagree can be found in (...)
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  25.  17
    The Legal Enforcement of Morality.Larry Alexander - 2003 - In R. G. Frey & Christopher Heath Wellman (eds.), A Companion to Applied Ethics. Malden, MA: Wiley-Blackwell. pp. 128–141.
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  26. Criminal Liability for Omissions - An Inventory of Issues.Larry Alexander - 2002 - In Stephen Shute & Andrew Simester (eds.), Criminal law theory: doctrines of the general part. New York: Oxford University Press.
     
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  27. Culpability.Larry Alexander - 2011 - In John Deigh & David Dolinko (eds.), The Oxford Handbook of the Philosophy of the Criminal Law. Oxford University Press.
     
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  28.  73
    Fair Equality of Opportunity.Larry A. Alexander - 1985 - Philosophy Research Archives 11:197-208.
    Although discussions of John Rawls’ A Theory of Justice generally refer to Rawls’ two principles of justice, and although Rawls himself labels his principles “the two principles of justice”, Rawls actually sets forth three distinct principles in the following lexical order: the liberty principle, the fair equality of opportunity principle, and the difference principle. Rawls argues at some length for the priority of the liberty principle over the other two. On the other hand, Rawls offers hardly any argument at all (...)
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  29. Ferzander’s Surrebuttal.Larry Alexander & Kimberly Kessler Ferzan - 2012 - Criminal Law and Philosophy 6 (3):463-465.
  30. Self-defense, punishment, and proportionality.Larry Alexander - 1991 - Law and Philosophy 10 (3):323 - 328.
  31.  15
    Plastic trees and gladiators: Liberalism and aesthetic regulation: Plastic trees and gladiators.Larry Alexander - 2010 - Legal Theory 16 (2):77-90.
    The hallmark of modern liberalism is its embrace of the Millian harm principle and its antipathy to legal moralism. In this article I consider whether aesthetic regulations can be justified under the harm principle as that principle has been elaborated by Joel Feinberg. I conclude that aesthetic and other regulations that most liberals regard as unproblematic are actually instances of legal moralism.
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  32.  75
    Are procedural rights derivative substantive rights?Larry Alexander - 1998 - Law and Philosophy 17 (1):19-42.
  33.  61
    Facts, Law, Exculpation, and Inculpation: Comments on Simons.Larry Alexander - 2009 - Criminal Law and Philosophy 3 (3):241-245.
    Orthodox criminal law doctrine treats mistakes of law and mistakes of fact differently for purposes of both exculpation and inculpation. Kenneth Simons’ paper in general defends this orthodoxy. I have earlier criticized the criminal law’s attempt to distinguish mistakes of law from mistakes of fact, and I continue to maintain, in opposition to Simons, that the distinction is problematic.
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  34.  29
    Scheffler on the Independence of Agent-Centered Preogatives from Agent-Centered Restrictions.Larry A. Alexander - 1987 - Journal of Philosophy 84 (5):277.
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  35.  16
    Reckless Beliefs.Larry Alexander & Kevin Cole - 2019 - In Larry Alexander & Kimberly Kessler Ferzan (eds.), The Palgrave Handbook of Applied Ethics and the Criminal Law. Springer Verlag. pp. 651-657.
    Existing and proposed provisions of the Model Penal Code refer to believing something “recklessly.” In this chapter, we examine the notion of reckless beliefs and determine what that notion cannot be and what it might be.
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  36.  34
    Recklessness, Agent-Relative Prerogatives, and Latent Obligations: Does Belief-Relativity Trump Fact-Relativity with Respect to Our Rights?Larry Alexander - 2023 - Philosophia 51 (5):2639-2655.
    Are our rights—to our bodily integrity, to our possessions, to the goods and services promised us, and so on—matters of fact, or are our rights functions of others’ beliefs about how their acts will affect our rights? The conventional view states that subjective oughts—based on what we believe—determine culpability, whereas objective oughts—based on the facts—determine permissibility. After all, the idea that our beliefs about how our acts would affect others’ rights might affect the contours of those rights themselves appears deeply (...)
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  37.  99
    Affirmative duties and the limits of self-sacrifice.Larry Alexander - 1996 - Law and Philosophy 15 (1):65 - 74.
    American criminal law reflects the absence of any general duty of Good Samaritanism. Nonetheless, there are some circumstances in which it imposes affirmative duties to aid others. In those circumstances, however, the duty to aid is canceled whenever aiding subjects the actor to a certain level of risk or sacrifice, a level that can be less than the risk or sacrifice faced by the beneficiary if not aided. In this article, I demonstrate that this approach to limiting affirmative duties to (...)
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  38. The Seven Deadly Sins of Corporate Doubletalk'.Larry D. Alexander - 1984 - Business and Society Review 48:41-45.
     
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  39.  31
    In Defense of the Standard Picture: Overcoming Death by a Thousand Cuts.Larry Alexander - 2023 - Ratio Juris 36 (3):199-213.
    In a previous article, I defended the standard picture of law (or SP), so labeled by its foremost critic, Mark Greenberg. In that article, I addressed Greenberg's root-and-branch critique of the SP and, to a much lesser extent, a related critique by Scott Hershovitz. But the Greenberg and Hershovitz frontal attacks on the SP are not its only threats. Some theorists, while not attacking the SP directly, give accounts of law that the SP cannot accommodate. Those theorists will be challenged (...)
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  40.  92
    Response to Critics.Larry Alexander & Kimberly Kessler Ferzan - 2010 - Law and Philosophy 29 (4):483-504.
  41.  4
    Recipe for a Theory of Self-Defense.Larry Alexander - 2016 - In Christian Coons & Michael Weber (eds.), The Ethics of Self-Defense. New York, NY: Oxford University Press USA.
    Self-defense and other-defense are uses of force against another person—an attacker—for the purpose of preventing the attacker from harming a victim. When such force is exercised by the victim, it is self-defense; when by a third party, other-defense. Self-defense and other-defense are preemptive uses of force because they occur before the acts they are intended to prevent occur. Thus, they operate in the realm of epistemic uncertainty. Victims and third parties can never be certain the feared acts will occur. They (...)
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  42.  29
    Freedom of Religion and Expression.Larry Alexander - 2016 - In Kasper Lippert-Rasmussen, Kimberley Brownlee & David Coady (eds.), A Companion to Applied Philosophy. Malden, MA: Wiley. pp. 424–438.
    In this chapter I analyze two fundamental hallmarks of liberalism—freedom of religion and freedom of expression. No society can rightly be called “liberal” if it does not endorse those freedoms. Yet, what are those freedoms, and are they realizable? I conclude that neither freedom can be given a principled elaboration. The approach to them must be pragmatic and reflect a contingent modus vivendi rather than an accommodation demanded by principle.
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  43.  12
    Precedent.Larry Alexander - 1996 - In Dennis M. Patterson (ed.), A Companion to Philosophy of Law and Legal Theory. Blackwell. pp. 493–503.
    This chapter contains sections titled: The Scope of Precedential Constraint The Strength of Precedential Constraint References.
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  44.  66
    Is judicial review democratic? A comment on Harel.Larry Alexander - 2003 - Law and Philosophy 22 (s 3-4):277-283.
  45.  35
    A Reply to Our Critics.Larry Alexander & Kimberly Kessler Ferzan - 2022 - Criminal Law and Philosophy 16 (3):485-502.
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  46.  56
    Other People’s Errors.Larry Alexander - 2013 - Ethical Theory and Moral Practice 16 (5):1049-1059.
    The question of when other people’s bad acts belong on our moral ledger arises in a number of different scenarios. Each scenario has received some philosophical attention, but no one has noted the structural similarities of these various scenarios or the implications of a proposed approach to one for how the others should be approached. That is the ambition of this article. In it, seemingly disparate moral phenomena—blunt rules, preemptive restrictions, moral blackmail, complicity, retreat and proportional response, and the duty (...)
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  47. Hart and Punishment for Negligence.Larry Alexander - 2014 - In C. Pulman (ed.), Hart on Responsibility. New York, NY: Palgrave-Macmillan.
  48.  86
    Introduction to Issues 2 and 3: Symposium on Consent in Sexual Relations: Larry Alexander.Larry Alexander - 1996 - Legal Theory 2 (2):87-88.
    Legal and social norms regarding gender relations have undergone dramatic changes in the past 25 years. The changes have come about largely because of the confluence of changing economic and technological realities, the unfolding of the norm dictating equal treatment of individuals, the sexual revolution and its corollaries of improved contraception and legal abortion, the rise of women as a self-conscious group and a presence in the academy, and the interrelations of all of these factors. As men and women have (...)
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  49.  70
    Iconoclasts? Who, Us? A Reply to Dolinko.Larry Alexander & Kimberly Kessler Ferzan - 2012 - Criminal Law and Philosophy 6 (2):281-287.
    Iconoclasts? Who, Us? A Reply to Dolinko Content Type Journal Article Category Original Paper Pages 1-7 DOI 10.1007/s11572-012-9143-3 Authors Larry Alexander, San Diego, CA, USA Kimberly Kessler Ferzan, Camden, NJ, USA Journal Criminal Law and Philosophy Online ISSN 1871-9805 Print ISSN 1871-9791.
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  50.  97
    What’s Inside and Outside the Law?Larry Alexander - 2012 - Law and Philosophy 31 (2):213-241.
    In this article I take up a conceptual question: What is the distinction between ‘the law’ and the behavior the law regulates, or, as I formulate it, the distinction between what is ‘inside’ the law and what is ‘outside’ it? That conceptual question is in play in (at least) three different doctrinal domains: the constitutional law doctrines regarding the limits on the delegation of legislative powers; the criminal law doctrines regarding mistakes of law; and the constitutional rights doctrines that turn (...)
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