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  1.  20
    Expertise Shapes Multimodal Imagery for Wine.Ilja Croijmans, Laura J. Speed, Artin Arshamian & Asifa Majid - 2020 - Cognitive Science 44 (5):e12842.
    Although taste and smell seem hard to imagine, some people nevertheless report vivid imagery in these sensory modalities. We investigate whether experts are better able to imagine smells and tastes because they have learned the ability, or whether they are better imaginers in the first place, and so become experts. To test this, we first compared a group of wine experts to yoked novices using a battery of questionnaires. We show for the first time that experts report greater vividness of (...)
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  2.  22
    The role of visual imagery in story reading: Evidence from aphantasia.Laura J. Speed, Lynn S. Eekhof & Marloes Mak - 2024 - Consciousness and Cognition 118 (C):103645.
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  3.  49
    Eye Movements Reveal the Dynamic Simulation of Speed in Language.Laura J. Speed & Gabriella Vigliocco - 2014 - Cognitive Science 38 (2):367-382.
    This study investigates how speed of motion is processed in language. In three eye-tracking experiments, participants were presented with visual scenes and spoken sentences describing fast or slow events (e.g., The lion ambled/dashed to the balloon). Results showed that looking time to relevant objects in the visual scene was affected by the speed of verb of the sentence, speaking rate, and configuration of a supporting visual scene. The results provide novel evidence for the mental simulation of speed in language and (...)
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  4.  17
    The Sound of Smell: Associating Odor Valence With Disgust Sounds.Laura J. Speed, Hannah Atkinson, Ewelina Wnuk & Asifa Majid - 2021 - Cognitive Science 45 (5):e12980.
    Olfaction has recently been highlighted as a sense poorly connected with language. Odor is difficult to verbalize, and it has few qualities that afford mimicry by vision or sound. At the same time, emotion is thought to be the most salient dimension of an odor, and it could therefore be an olfactory dimension more easily communicated. We investigated whether sounds imitative of an innate disgust response can be associated with unpleasant odors. In two experiments, participants were asked to make a (...)
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  5.  49
    An Exception to Mental Simulation: No Evidence for Embodied Odor Language.Laura J. Speed & Asifa Majid - 2018 - Cognitive Science 42 (4):1146-1178.
    Do we mentally simulate olfactory information? We investigated mental simulation of odors and sounds in two experiments. Participants retained a word while they smelled an odor or heard a sound, then rated odor/sound intensity and recalled the word. Later odor/sound recognition was also tested, and pleasantness and familiarity judgments were collected. Word recall was slower when the sound and sound-word mismatched. Sound recognition was higher when sounds were paired with a match or near-match word. This indicates sound-words are mentally simulated. (...)
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  6.  21
    Lack of Visual Experience Affects Multimodal Language Production: Evidence From Congenitally Blind and Sighted People.Ezgi Mamus, Laura J. Speed, Lilia Rissman, Asifa Majid & Aslı Özyürek - 2023 - Cognitive Science 47 (1):e13228.
    The human experience is shaped by information from different perceptual channels, but it is still debated whether and how differential experience influences language use. To address this, we compared congenitally blind, blindfolded, and sighted people's descriptions of the same motion events experienced auditorily by all participants (i.e., via sound alone) and conveyed in speech and gesture. Comparison of blind and sighted participants to blindfolded participants helped us disentangle the effects of a lifetime experience of being blind versus the task-specific effects (...)
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  7.  18
    Odor‐Color Associations Are Not Mediated by Concurrent Verbalization.Laura J. Speed, Josje de Valk, Ilja Croijmans, John L. A. Huisman & Asifa Majid - 2023 - Cognitive Science 47 (4):e13266.
    Odor and color are strongly associated. Numerous studies demonstrate consistent odor‐color associations, as well as effects of color on odor perception and language. Yet, we know little about how these associations arise. Here, we test whether language is a possible mediator of odor‐color associations, specifically whether odor‐color associations are mediated by implicit odor naming. In two experiments, we used an interference paradigm to prevent the verbalization of odors during an odor‐color matching task. If participants generate color associations subsequent to labeling (...)
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