This paper proposes and analyzes the psychometric properties of the PREVI-A scale. It describes the process of item development, the factorial structure of the scale, reliability, evidence of validity and diagnostic performance with regard to recidivism risk in juvenile offenders. The sample was made up of 212 juvenile offenders held at detention centers run by the Madrid Agency for Reeducation and Reintegration of Juvenile Offenders, a regional government body. Statistical analyses were used to corroborate the theoretical factorial structure of the (...) PREVI-A, which consists of six risk/protection dimensions based on the Risk-Needs-Responsivity Model, and to obtain empirical support for the reliability and validity of PREVI-A as a tool to assess the risk of recidivism by juvenile offenders in Spain. (shrink)

Extending the growing literature on the role of grit in different life domains, this research explores the relationship between grit and involvement in entrepreneurship. The research highlights the role of personal income and satisfaction with one’s current financial situation as moderators of the relationship between grit and entrepreneurial behavior. Using a large representative sample of Spanish young adults and controlling for a number of potential confounding variables, we find that grit is modestly negatively related to the probability of involvement in (...) entrepreneurship. As predicted, however, this relationship is qualified by both income and satisfaction with current financial situation, though in opposite directions and more weakly for satisfaction with financial status. Gritty individuals with higher levels of income are more prone to become entrepreneurs than gritty individuals with lower levels of income. Gritty individuals with lower levels of satisfaction with their financial situation are more likely to set up a business or become self-employed. (shrink)

Este trabajo pretende leer línea a línea el comienzo de Carta sobre el “humanismo” para defender, por un lado, el compromiso heideggeriano con la actitud fenomenológica a pesar del abandono de la mayoría de los términos técnicos acuñados por Husserl y de que este sea, además, hermenéutico en todo momento; y, por otro lado, que la interpretación de este texto debe llevarse a cabo, precisamente, comprometiéndose con esa actitud. En esta línea, defenderemos que la actitud y el ejercicio fenomenológico-hermenéutico aparece (...) como una decisión frente a cómo afrontar la pregunta por nuestro propio tiempo histórico, por en qué consiste nuestro normal andar con las cosas en nuestra situación histórica, que esa decisión solo es comprensible desde ese ejercicio y que el término “pensar” demuestra significar, a partir de 1930, ese ejercicio mismo.This paper aims to read line by line the beginning of the Letter on “humanism” in order to defend, on the one hand, the Heideggerian commitment to the phenomenological attitude in spite of the fact that he no longer uses most of the technical term coined by Husserl and that this is, moreover, hermeneutic at all times; and, on the other hand, that the interpretation of this text must be achieved, precisely, by com-mitting oneself to this attitude. In the same way, we will defend that the hermeneutical-phenomenological attitude and exercise appears as a decision regarding how to face the question of our own historical time, why our normal behaviour in our historical situation consist of, that this decision is only understandable from this very exercise and that the term “thinking” shows that, from 1930 onwards, it means this very exercise. (shrink)

The effects of time and the longitudinal course of the children’s internalizing symptoms following Intimate Partner Violence Exposure are still of great interest today. This study aimed to analyze the effect of the frequency of IPVE, adverse experiences after the cessation of the IPVE and the time elapsed since the termination of the violent relation on the prevalence of anxiety and depression among children. Participants were 107 children and their mothers who had been victims of IPV and had existing judicial (...) protection and restraining orders. Hierarchical logistic regression models were estimated to analyze children’s adjustment, considering the effect of the time elapsed since the termination, frequency of IPVE, experiences of revictimization, maternal pathology, and anxious anticipation of the mother at the prospect of future harm. Exposure to multiple events of violence at the hands of multiple ex-partners and higher scores in the mother’s anxious anticipation were significant predictors of children’s pathological depression and anxiety. Our results emphasize the need for early psychological evaluation of women and children’s victims of IPV to provide timely interventions that avoid symptoms from becoming chronic. Strategies to bring support and emotional security to the victims after the end of the violent relationship are desirable. (shrink)

Business Ethics, the Environment & Responsibility, EarlyView.

This paper aims to read Das Schloß by F. Kafka from a phenomenological-hermeneutic investigation project, from where to identify the “poetical mark” of the novel. Assuming this methodological perspective, it will attempt to interpret the “poetical mark” of the novel in order to mark it as the guide which leads our whole interpretation of the text, in which the distance and differences between K. and the villagers will be described. Finally, we will confront with R. Calasso’s description of the castle (...) as a place of concretion of power according to our interpretation of the scheinbare Leere from the novel’s beginning and K.’s “title” of Landvermessen. (shrink)

L'auteur reprend autour de Husserl, créateur de la phénoménologie, et de Xavier Zubiri le très ancien débat entre idéalisme et réalisme. Influencé par Husserl et Heidegger, Zubiri a élaboré un réalisme transcendantal qui corrige les erreurs du réalisme naïf et qui dépasse le réalisme critique. L'auteur illustre ce qu'il appelle un "combat de géants" et montre comment les deux hommes portent en avant la réflexion philosophique, tant dans sa méthodologie que dans ses positions métaphysiques les plus fondamentales.

The valence–space metaphor research area investigates the metaphorical mapping of valenced concepts onto space. Research findings from this area indicate that positive, neutral, and negative concepts are associated with upward, midward, and downward locations, respectively, in the vertical plane. The same research area has also indicated that such concepts seem to have no preferential location on the horizontal plane. The approach–avoidance effect consists in decreasing the distance between positive stimuli and the body and increasing the distance between negative stimuli and (...) the body. Thus, the valence–space metaphor accounts for the mapping of valenced concepts onto the vertical and horizontal planes, and the approach–avoidance effect accounts for the mapping of valenced concepts onto the “depth” plane. By using a cube conceived for the study of allocation of valenced concepts onto 3D space, we show in three studies that positive concepts are placed in upward locations and near the participants’ body, negative concepts are placed in downward locations and far from the participants’ body, and neutral concepts are placed in between these concepts in both planes. (shrink)

Business Ethics: A European Review, EarlyView.

Este trabajo pretende preguntarse si, a pesar del “silencio” de Heidegger ante la teoría de los géneros poéticos de Hölderlin, no es esta misma teoría, y especialmente el poema lírico que caracteriza a la modernidad, la cuestión en la cual se apoya Heidegger para fundamentar su “historia del ser”, de modo que la noción fuerte de _historia _que se maneja en su obra y finalmente el término marcado _das Ereignis _estaría en sintonía con los “trayectos poéticos” que Hölderlin teoriza.

Abstracting away from its various particular versions, contemporary externalism about knowledge can be broadly characterized as the rejection of two central ideas: that knowledge is incompatible with reflective awareness of the possibility of error, and that knowledge is necessarily tied to the resources that are available from within the first-person perspective. In this brief introduction, I outline five distinctly externalist accounts of knowledge, and two distinctly externalist methodological approaches to knowledge, all fitting this general description.

This chapter contains sections titled: The Institutional History of Colonial Philosophy The Conquest of America: Some Epistemological and Ethical Questions Post Conquest Indigenous Perspectives Creole Perspectives: Two Seventeenth‐Century Intellectuals The American Experience of the Enlightenment Colophon References.

O ceticismo é por vezes descartado como uma doutrina absurda e merecedora do seu lugar distante na antiguidade. Nada poderia ser menos correto. O ceticismo continua extremamente relevante para o pensamento filosófico e científico de hoje, servindo como um lembrete de que a sabedoria não é barata nem segura. Nesse texto, o meu objetivo principal é reproduzir o raciocínio das discussões clássicas sobre o ceticismo, mas de uma maneira coloquial e contemporânea. Após seguir as linhas de pensamento de Sexto Empírico, (...) René Descartes, e David Hume, eu vou extrair e identificar claramente as teses centrais que marcam as suas ideias. A minha intenção, porém, não é a de sugerir que as suas teses são auto-evidentes, ou incontestáveis, ou até hoje ainda incontestadas. Muito pelo contrário. A minha intenção é produzir um aperitivo ao debate e um convite a discussão. (shrink)

Cosmopolitanism is said by many critics to be arrogant. In emphasizing universal principles and granting no fundamental moral significance to national or other group belonging, it wrongly treats those making non-universalist claims as not authorized to speak, while treating those in non-Western societies as not qualified. This book works to address such objections. It does so in part by engaging the work of B.R. Ambedkar, architect of India's 1950 Constitution and revered champion of the country's Dalits (formerly "untouchables"). Ambedkar cited (...) universal principles of equality and rights in confronting domestic exclusions and the "arrogance" of caste. He sought to advance forms of political humility, or the affirmation of equal standing within political institutions and openness to input and challenge within them. This book examines how an "institutional global citizenship" approach to cosmopolitanism could similarly advance political humility, in supporting the development of input and challenge mechanisms beyond the state. It employs a grounded normative theory method, taking insights for the model from field research among Dalit activists pressing for domestic reforms through the UN human rights regime, and from their critics in the Hindu nationalist Bharatiya Janata Party. Insights also are taken from Turkish protesters challenging a rising domestic authoritarianism, and from UK Independence Party members demanding "Brexit" from the European Union-in part because of possibilities that predominantly Muslim Turkey will join. Overall, it is shown, an appropriately configured institutional cosmopolitanism should orient fundamentally to political humility rather than arrogance, while holding significant potential for advancing global rights protections and more equitable rights specifications. (shrink)

With concerns about political apathy, it might be worth turning to a group that is challenging the political discourse and confronting institutions and policies head on. This article explores the ideas of two undocumented activists who are working to change the laws and politics that affect them. Using their work and dedication, this article discusses their dedication and their ideas for creating a new basis for a civics curriculum that goes beyond information and instead places other values at the center (...) of education. (shrink)

José Luis Bermúdez introduces the philosophy of psychology as an interdisciplinary exploration of the nature and mechanisms of cognition. _Philosophy of Psychology_ charts out four influential 'pictures of the mind' and uses them to explore central topics in the philosophical foundations of psychology, including the relation between different levels of studying the mind/brain; the nature and scope of psychological explanation; the architecture of cognition; and the relation between thought and language. Chapters cover all the core concepts, including: models of (...) psychological explanation the nature of commonsense psychology arguments for the autonomy of psychology functionalist approaches to cognition computational models of the mind neural network modeling rationality and mental causation perception, action and cognition the language of thought and the architecture of cognition. _Philosophy of Psychology: A Contemporary Introduction_ is a very clear and well-structured textbook from one of the leaders in the field. (shrink)

En un escenario internacional cada vez más incierto, en el que todavía no se ha dejado atrás la pandemia de Covid-19, y hay que gestionar la ilegítima invasión rusa de Ucrania así como unas relaciones entre Estados Unidos y China cada vez más tensas, Europa y Japón han reafirmado sus vínculos históricos, económicos y políticos con dos acuerdos de asociación, uno de carácter económico y otro estratégico, en vigor desde 2019. El continente asiático se ha convertido además en el principal (...) eje geopolítico del mundo, y Japón quiere tener un papel relevante en el nuevo escenario al que ha respondido mediante su iniciativa del _Free and Open Indo-Pacific_, a la que Europa ha respondido con ciertas reservas. ¿Deben Europa y Japón seguir profundizando en su relación? ¿Cuáles son los ámbitos susceptibles de mejora? El marco adecuado debe ser, en nuestra opinión, el “orden internacional basado en normas” del que ambos actores son claros defensores, y los valores comunes de democracia, Estado de Derecho y protección de derechos fundamentales que los unen. (shrink)

En este trabajo se interpreta un breve pasaje de Heidegger sobre la diferencia entre literatura y poesía y sobre el “insondable poder esencial” de la primera. Se argumenta cuáles son los rasgos fenomenológicos de ese “poder” que la distingue de la poesía, mostrando la problematicidad interna de tal distinción. Para poner en primer plano el sentido de ese “insondable poder esencial” de la literatura, se leerá brevemente El curioso impertinente, de El Quijote. La conclusión es que lo “insondable” del poder (...) de la literatura se encuentra en su ambivalencia, que es el medio de homologación y resistencia ante dicha homologación. (shrink)

A partir del análisis de algunas cuestiones hermenéuticas en la película Edipo rey, se defiende que uno de los aspectos centrales de la crítica a la sociedad de Pasolini es el allanamiento de la propiedad simbólica. Con ello, en este trabajo nos referiremos a la homologación consecuente de la sociedad de consumo que se manifiesta como una pérdida de lo sagrado. En esta línea, se analizan algunas cuestiones teóricas a propósito del pensamiento de Pasolini sobre el cine y se sostiene (...) que ese allanamiento de la propiedad simbólica es una condición de la posibilidad de “lo político” en nuestro tiempo. (shrink)

Ever since John Locke, philosophers have discussed the possibility of a normative epistemology: are there epistemic obligations binding the cognitive economy of belief and disbelief? Locke's influential answer was evidentialist: we have an epistemic obligation to believe in accordance with our evidence. In this dissertation, I place the contemporary literature on agency and reasons at the service of some such normative epistemology. I discuss the semantics of obligations, the connection between obligations and reasons to believe, the implausibility of Lockean evidentialism, (...) and some of the alleged connections between agency and justification. (shrink)

Las edificaciones con valor patrimonial son un testimonio excepcional del progreso de una comunidad y representan ejemplos innegables de la transferencia de conocimientos a lo largo de las generaciones. Es inevitable caminar por centro consolidado de Pasaje y no reconocer el legado cultural de muchas edificaciones. Sin embargo, también resulta fácil observar las alteraciones erróneas que sea han realizado a estas edificaciones con el objetivo de responder a las “nuevas exigencias” de la actualidad. La conservación de los bienes patrimoniales resulta (...) necesaria para la preservación de la integridad e identidad de la ciudad. La presente investigación posibilita entender el nivel de susceptibilidad que presentan las edificaciones consideradas como bienes patrimoniales, debido a que estás viviendas poseen un valor cultural. El objetivo de la investigación es el de identificar la susceptibilidad sísmica a las que están expuestas, para esto se utilizaron métodos de matrices de evaluación sísmica para medir el nivel de susceptibilidad en las edificaciones patrimoniales. (shrink)

W.K. Clifford’s famous 1876 essay The Ethics of Belief contains one of the most memorable lines in the history of philosophy: "it is wrong always, everywhere, and for anyone, to believe anything upon insufficient evidence." The challenge to religious belief stemming from this moralized version of evidentialism is still widely discussed today.

El acceso equitativo a la energía y a la vivienda es una preocupación básica de la justicia social. A pesar de los numerosos vínculos entre estos dos bienes esenciales, los marcos teóricos de la justicia y la pobreza energética se han referido casi exclusivamente a la cuestión de la vivienda en términos de la eficiencia energética de los edificios residenciales. En respuesta a esta carencia conceptual, se propone la reintegración del factor vivienda en el marco de la justicia y pobreza (...) energética a lo largo de los siguientes tres ejes: dimensiones materiales y temporales; dimensiones políticas; y dimensiones éticas y legales. Como ejemplo empírico de la importancia del nexo vivienda-energía en la práctica de la justicia social, se presenta el caso de dos movimientos sociales surgidos en Barcelona que trabajan con una perspectiva conjunta de derecho a la vivienda y a la energía: la Plataforma de Afectados por la Hipoteca (PAH) y la Aliança contra la Pobresa Energètica (APE). El artículo subraya la importancia de la vivienda y la energía como fundamentos materiales de una vida digna y su naturaleza conflictiva como necesidades esenciales y bienes de mercado. (shrink)

Este trabajo presenta una interpretación fenomenológico-hermenéutica de la lectura heideggeriana del primer estásimo de la Antígona de Sófocles a través de su lectura de Hölderlin. Nos centraremos en uno de sus aspectos fundamentales que Heidegger expresa con la sentencia: la esencia del hombre es lo inquietante o inhóspito (das Unheimliche, traslación de Heidegger de la voz griega tò deinón). Este aspecto constituye el núcleo fenomenológico del problema del Heimischwerden (el regreso a casa). Nuestro objetivo será mostrar que el sentido de (...) la sentencia solo es sostenible en nuestra situación histórica, de modo que no tiene alcance ahistórico o supra-histórico. Con ello pretendemos ofrecer una hermenéutica del aspecto fenomenológico expresado con la palabra das Heimischwerden que conduzca a pensar en qué consiste el irremediable vínculo con lo familiar, lo doméstico, cuando nuestro mundo histórico es el de la ausencia de contenidos de antemano vinculantes. (shrink)