Shvaćajući kulturni pluralizam kao činjenicu suvremenog liberalno demokratskog društva, uočava se njegova problematičnost u odnosu na same liberalno-demokratske ideje. Demokracija polazi od prava većine, a liberalizam polazi od pojedinca kojemu su osigurana temeljna prava i dužnosti zanemarujući činjenicu njegova mogućeg pripadanja manjinskoj kulturi. Može li se odgovor na zahtjev kulturne različitosti pronaći isključivo u teoriji ljudskih prava ili je potrebno dopustiti postavljanje posebnih prava za pripadnike različitih manjinskih kultura? Je li takva posebna prava dovode u pitanje ideal jednakosti koji se (...) oduvijek smatrao temeljem pravednih odnosa? Will Kymlicka, polazeći sa svog liberalnog stajališta, navodi kako jedna obuhvatna teorija pravednosti u multikulturalnom društvu treba uključivati i opća prava, koja su pripisana svim pojedincima bez obzira kojim skupinama pripadali, ali i određena grupno-diferencirana prava ili »specijalni status« za manjinska prava.Understanding cultural pluralism, as a fact of the modern liberal democratic societies, it is problematic regarding the very liberal democratic ideas. Democracy starts with the majority rule, and liberalism is based on the individual, whose basic rights and duties are ensured, disregarding the fact of possible belonging to a minority culture. Can the answer to the demand of cultural diversity be found exclusively in the human rights theory or must we allow the setup of special rights for the for the members of different minority cultures? Do such “special rights” question the ideal of equality that was always considered to be a base of justice? Will Kymlicka, starting from his liberal standpoint, states that a comprehensive theory of justice in multicultural society must include both the general rights ascribed to all individuals, regardless of which groups they belong to, and the specific group-differentiated rights or “special status” for minority rights. (shrink)

The aim of this research was to see if there is a difference in the psychological resilience and quality of life of pupils attending elementary school and pupils attending both elementary school and elementary music school. The research also examined the potential gender differences in the results with respect to the school the pupils attended. The research included pupils of comparable age – those in the final years of elementary school and in the final years of elementary music school. The (...) convenience sample consisted of a total of 218 pupils. Ungar’s Child and Youth Resilience Measure was used, as well as the Croatian version of the Kidscreen Questionaire-52. The results are presented through descriptive statistics and processed by a two-way analysis of variance. The results show that pupils who attend both elementary school and elementary music school are more resilient with better life adjustment than pupils who attend only elementary school. There were no gender differences with respect to the school that the pupils attended. The results of the research show engagement in music as a potential protective factor in the development of psychological resilience and life adjustment in children. (shrink)

This paper aims at addressing some questions considering the conflicting normative claims of partiality, i.e. to provide for the caring needs of the particular patient, and impartial claims of treating all patients with a relevant need equally. This ethical conflict between different conceptions of moral responsibilities within professional ethics relates to debates between an ethics of care and an ethics of justice. An ethics of care is a particularistic position that endorses some form of partiality, i.e. favouring persons to whom (...) one stands in particular relationships. This paper argues that also a professional ethics must endorse some kind of partiality at the clinical level of health care. In fact, consideration of care for particular patients is a prerequisite for giving proper and attentive care towards the individual patient. This paper will discuss how partial concerns might be balanced against claims of distributive justice within the frame of the formal principle of justice. It is concluded that there is an urgent need for the recognition of the consequences of macro-level decisions for the possibility of the discharge of moral responsibility on a clinical level of health care. This would mean that health care institutions should adapt for the possibility of a basic standard of proper care and attention for the individual patient. (shrink)

Linguistic intuitive judgements are the de facto data source of choice within generative linguistics. But why we are justified in relying on intuitive judgements as evidence for grammars? In the philosophy of linguistics, this question has been hotly debated. I argue that the three most prominent views of that debate all have their problems. Devitt’s Modest Explanation accounts for the wrong kind of intuitive judgements. The Voice of Competence view and Rey’s account both lack independent evidence. I introduce and defend (...) a novel proposal that accounts for the evidential role of linguistic intuitive judgements and avoids these shortcomings. On this account, linguistic intuitive judgements are reports of the speaker’s immediate experience of trying to comprehend the sentence. This experience is due to the speaker’s linguistic competence, at least in part, and so the justification for the evidential use of linguistic intuitions ultimately comes from the speaker’s competence. However, the account does not rely on any special input from the speaker’s competence being available as the basis for linguistic intuitive judgements. (shrink)

Immanuel Kant, svojim kopernikanskim obratom, vraća čovjeku središnje mjesto u svijetu. Čovjek se, u njegovoj filozofiji, shvaća kao individua koja posjeduje slobodu. Ta sloboda izvor ima u umu, a čovjek je postaje svjestan tek kada djeluje u skladu s moralnim zakonom. Na taj način Kant slobodu pridružuje svakom pojedincu, kao prirođeno pravo, koje nijedan pozitivni zakon ne može dovesti u pitanje. Svojim moralnim zakonom on čovjeka čini odgovornim, kako za sebe tako i za čitav svijet. Ta se odgovornost za svijet (...) krije u ideji vječnoga mira za koju se Kant zalaže. Vječni mir jest ideja uma kojoj svaki pojedinac treba težiti. Tek će se u miru moći realizirati sva ljudska prava, a prvenstveno sloboda. Svojim je shvaćanjem slobode – ali i jednakosti, tolerancije, samostalnosti i javne upotrebe uma – Kant neupitno snažno utjecao na liberalnu misao. Ono što ih najviše povezuje jest vjera u pojedinca. I Kant i liberali vjeruju da je svaki pojedinac sam po sebi poseban i da želi ostvariti ono najbolje u sebi i za sebe, ali time i pridonijeti razvoju boljeg i pravednijeg svijeta.Immanuel Kant, with his Copernican Revolution, returns to human being central place in theworld. In his philosophy human being is understood as an individual that possess freedom. Thatfreedom has source in human mind but person is aware of it only when he acts according to themoral law. Thus Kant attaches freedom to every individual as a natural right which no positivelaw cannot get into question. With the moral law Kant makes every human being responsiblefor itself, but also for the whole world. This responsibility for the world has been contained inKant’s idea of perpetual peace. For him perpetual peace is an idea of the mind that every personhas to incline. Only when peace is going to role in the whole world, human rights, especiallyfreedom, are going to be realized. Kant’s concept of the freedom, but also of the equality, tole­rance, indipendence, public use of mind, has done a big influence on liberal thought. The thingthat brings them together is trust in an individual. Both Kant and liberals belive in the fact thatevery person is specific and wants to accomplish the best things in himself and for himself, butalso with that makes contribution for the development of a better and justly world. (shrink)

We interpret solution rules on a class of simple allocation problems as data on the choices of a policy maker. We analyze conditions under which the policy maker’s choices are (i) rational (ii) transitive-rational, and (iii) representable; that is, they coincide with maximization of a (i) binary relation, (ii) transitive binary relation, and (iii) numerical function on the allocation space. Our main results are as follows: (i) a well-known property, contraction independence (a.k.a. IIA) is equivalent to rationality; (ii) every contraction (...) independent and other-c monotonic rule is transitive-rational; and (iii) every contraction independent and other-c monotonic rule, if additionally continuous, can be represented by a numerical function. (shrink)