Results for 'Marjorie Schaffer'

913 found
Order:
  1.  41
    Ethical Problems in End-of-Life Decisions for Elderly Norwegians.Marjorie A. Schaffer - 2007 - Nursing Ethics 14 (2):242-257.
    Norwegian health professionals, elderly people and family members experience ethical problems involving end-of-life decision making for elders in the context of the values of Norwegian society. This study used ethical inquiry and qualitative methodology to conduct and analyze interviews carried out with 25 health professionals, six elderly people and five family members about the ethical problems they encountered in end-of-life decision making in Norway. All three participant groups experienced ethical problems involving the adequacy of health care for elderly Norwegians. Older (...)
    Direct download (3 more)  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   15 citations  
  2.  77
    Nursing Students' Experience of Ethical Problems and Use of Ethical Decision-Making Models.Miriam E. Cameron, Marjorie Schaffer & Hyeoun-Ae Park - 2001 - Nursing Ethics 8 (5):432-447.
    Using a conceptual framework and method combining ethical enquiry and phenomenology, we asked 73 senior baccalaureate nursing students to answer two questions: (1) What is nursing students’ experience of an ethical problem involving nursing practice? and (2) What is nursing students’ experience of using an ethical decision-making model? Each student described one ethical problem, from which emerged five content categories, the largest being that involving health professionals (44%). The basic nature of the ethical problems consisted of the nursing students’ experience (...)
    Direct download (2 more)  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   26 citations  
  3.  1
    Causation and laws of nature : reductionism.Jonathan Schaffer - 2008 - In Theodore Sider, John P. Hawthorne & Dean W. Zimmerman (eds.), Contemporary debates in metaphysics. Malden, MA: Blackwell. pp. 82-107.
    Causation and the laws of nature are nothing over and above the pattern of events, just like a movie is nothing over and above the sequence of frames. Or so I will argue. The position I will argue for is broadly inspired by Hume and Lewis, and may be expressed in the slogan: what must be, must be grounded in what is.
    Direct download  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   18 citations  
  4. Knowledge in the image of assertion.Jonathan Schaffer - 2008 - Philosophical Issues 18 (1):1-19.
    How must knowledge be formed, if made in the image of assertion? That is, given that knowledge plays the normative role of governing what one may assert, what can be inferred about the structure of the knowledge relation from this role? I will argue that what one may assert is sensitive to the question under discussion, and conclude that what one knows must be relative to a question. In short, knowledge in the image of assertion is question-relative knowledge.
    Direct download (4 more)  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   49 citations  
  5. Knowledge, relevant alternatives and missed clues.J. Schaffer - 2001 - Analysis 61 (3):202-208.
    The classic version of the relevant alternatives theory (RAT) identifies knowledge with the elimination of relevant alternatives (Dretske 1981, Stine 1976, Lewis 1996, inter alia). I argue that the RAT is trapped by the problem of the missed clue, in which the subject sees but does not appreciate decisive information.
    Direct download (7 more)  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   17 citations  
  6.  8
    Autobiografia intellettuale.Marjorie Grene & Paolo Costa - forthcoming - la Società Degli Individui.
    No categories
    Direct download (3 more)  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   1 citation  
  7. Cultural Transmission of Social Essentialism.Marjorie Rhodes, Sarah-Jane Leslie & Christina Tworek - 2012 - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 109 (34):13526-13531.
  8. Grounding in the image of causation.Jonathan Schaffer - 2016 - Philosophical Studies 173 (1):49-100.
    Grounding is often glossed as metaphysical causation, yet no current theory of grounding looks remotely like a plausible treatment of causation. I propose to take the analogy between grounding and causation seriously, by providing an account of grounding in the image of causation, on the template of structural equation models for causation.
    Direct download (4 more)  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   336 citations  
  9. Expanding the debate on moral and political approaches to the philosophy of human rights.Johan Karlsson Schaffer & Reidar Maliks - 2017 - In Reidar Maliks & Johan Karlsson Schaffer (eds.), Moral and Political Conceptions of Human Rights: Implications for Theory and Practice. New York: Cambridge University Press.
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   2 citations  
  10.  23
    Landscape Marjorie Grene.Marjorie Grene - 1982 - In Ronald Bruzina & Bruce W. Wilshire (eds.), Phenomenology: Dialogues and Bridges. State University of New York Press. pp. 55.
    No categories
    Direct download  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark  
  11. Monism: The Priority of the Whole.Jonathan Schaffer - 2010 - Philosophical Review 119 (1):31-76.
    Consider a circle and a pair of its semicircles. Which is prior, the whole or its parts? Are the semicircles dependent abstractions from their whole, or is the circle a derivative construction from its parts? Now in place of the circle consider the entire cosmos (the ultimate concrete whole), and in place of the pair of semicircles consider the myriad particles (the ultimate concrete parts). Which if either is ultimately prior, the one ultimate whole or its many ultimate parts?
    Direct download (9 more)  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   683 citations  
  12. Spacetime the one substance.Jonathan Schaffer - 2009 - Philosophical Studies 145 (1):131 - 148.
    What is the relation between material objects and spacetime regions? Supposing that spacetime regions are one sort of substance, there remains the question of whether or not material objects are a second sort of substance. This is the question of dualistic versus monistic substantivalism. I will defend the monistic view. In particular, I will maintain that material objects should be identified with spacetime regions. There is the spacetime manifold, and the fundamental properties are pinned directly to it.
    Direct download (6 more)  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   165 citations  
  13. From contextualism to contrastivism.Jonathan Schaffer - 2004 - Philosophical Studies 119 (1-2):73-104.
    Contextualism treats ‘knows’ as an indexical that denotes different epistemic properties in different contexts. Contrastivism treats ‘knows’ as denoting a ternary relation with a slot for a contrast proposition. I will argue that contrastivism resolves the main philosophical problems of contextualism, by employing a better linguistic model. Contextualist insights are best understood by contrastivist theory.
    Direct download (5 more)  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   154 citations  
  14.  41
    Where experiments end: Tabletop trials in Victorian astronomy.Simon Schaffer - 1995 - In Jed Z. Buchwald (ed.), Scientific practice: theories and stories of doing physics. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. pp. 257--99.
    No categories
    Direct download  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   7 citations  
  15. From nihilism to monism.Jonathan Schaffer - 2007 - Australasian Journal of Philosophy 85 (2):175 – 191.
    Mereological nihilism is the view that all concrete objects are simple. Existence monism is the view that the only concrete object is one big simple: the world. I will argue that nihilism culminates in monism. The nihilist demands the simplest sufficient ontology, and the monist delivers it.
    Direct download (4 more)  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   115 citations  
  16. What Not to Multiply Without Necessity.Jonathan Schaffer - 2015 - Australasian Journal of Philosophy 93 (4):644-664.
    The Razor commands us not to multiply entities without necessity. I argue for an alternative principle—The Laser—which commands us not to multiply fundamental entities without necessity.
    Direct download (5 more)  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   112 citations  
  17.  13
    Ethnicity and expertise: Racial-ethnic knowledge in sociological research.Marjorie L. Devault - 1995 - Gender and Society 9 (5):612-631.
    Analysis of an interview conducted by a white researcher with an African American nutritionist points to the significance of racial-ethnic dynamics in the conduct of qualitative research. Interviewers who follow the standard methodological rule—to let findings “emerge” from their data—may fail to hear the significance of race-ethnicity in the accounts of informants. Close analysis suggests that talk will sometimes reveal racial-ethnic dynamics even when these are not explicit topics and that active attention to such structured inequalities produces a more robust (...)
    No categories
    Direct download  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   2 citations  
  18.  29
    Essay Review: Newton's Undergraduate Notebook.Simon Schaffer - 1984 - History of Science 22 (1):93-97.
  19.  2
    Philosophers Speak for Themselves: From Descartes to Locke, Edited by T.V. Smith and Marjorie Grene.Thomas Vernor Smith & Marjorie Grene - 1962 - University of Chicago Press.
    Direct download  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark  
  20.  64
    Easily Cracked: Scientific Instruments in States of Disrepair.Simon Schaffer - 2011 - Isis 102 (4):706-717.
    There has been much scholarly attention to definitions of the term “scientific instrument.” Rather more mundane work by makers, curators, and users is devoted to instruments' maintenance and repair. A familiar argument holds that when a tool breaks, its character and recalcitrance become evident. Much can be gained from historical study of instruments' breakages, defects, and recuperation. Maintenance and repair technologies have been a vital aspect of relations between makers and other users. Their history illuminates systems of instruction, support, and (...)
    Direct download (3 more)  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   15 citations  
  21.  81
    Wittgenstein’s Ladder: Poetic Language and the Strangeness of the Ordinary.Marjorie Perloff - 1996 - Chicago and London: University of Chicago Press.
    Marjorie Perloff, among our foremost critics of twentieth-century poetry, argues that Ludwig Wittgenstein provided writers with a radical new aesthetic, a key to recognizing the inescapable strangeness of ordinary language. Taking seriously Wittgenstein's remark that "philosophy ought really to be written only as a form of poetry," Perloff begins by discussing Wittgenstein the "poet." What we learn is that the poetics of everyday life is anything but banal. "This book has the lucidity and the intelligence we have come to (...)
    Direct download (3 more)  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   8 citations  
  22.  4
    Quantity discrimination in 9 ungulate species: Individuals take item number and size into account to discriminate quantities.Alina Schaffer, Alvaro L. Caicoya, Anja Widdig, Ruben Holland & Federica Amici - 2025 - Cognition 254 (C):105979.
    Direct download (2 more)  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark  
  23.  41
    Herschel in Bedlam: Natural History and Stellar Astronomy.Simon Schaffer - 1980 - British Journal for the History of Science 13 (3):211-239.
    In his comprehensive survey of the work of William Herschel, published in the Annuaire du Bureau des Longitudes for 1842, Dominique Arago argued that the life of the great astronomer ‘had the rare privilege of forming an epoch in an extended branch of astronomy’. Arago also noted, however, that Herschel's ideas were often taken as ‘the conceptions of a madman’, even if they were subsequently accepted. This fact, commented Arago, ‘seems to me one that deserves to appear in the history (...)
    Direct download (3 more)  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   11 citations  
  24.  17
    A note on the length of life of “men of distinction”.Marjory Atsatt - 1939 - The Eugenics Review 31 (2):97.
    No categories
    Direct download (2 more)  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark  
  25.  12
    A Humument: A Treated Victorian Novel by Tom Phillips.Marjorie Perloff - 2018 - Common Knowledge 24 (2):312-313.
    No categories
    Direct download (2 more)  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark  
  26.  88
    The astrological roots of mesmerism.Simon Schaffer - 2010 - Studies in History and Philosophy of Science Part C: Studies in History and Philosophy of Biological and Biomedical Sciences 41 (2):158-168.
    Franz Anton Mesmer’s 1766 thesis on the influence of the planets on the human body, in which he first publicly presented his account of the harmonic forces at work in the microcosm, was substantially copied from the London physician Richard Mead’s early eighteenth-century tract on solar and lunar effects on the body. The relation between the two texts poses intriguing problems for the historiography of medical astrology: Mesmer’s use of Mead has been taken as a sign of the Vienna physician’s (...)
    Direct download (4 more)  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   1 citation  
  27.  38
    Knowledge and skepticism.Marjorie Clay & Keith Lehrer (eds.) - 1989 - Boulder, Colo.: Westview Press.
  28. Monism.Jonathan Schaffer - 2008 - Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy.
    This entry focuses on two of the more historically important monisms: existence monism and priority monism . Existence monism targets concrete objects and counts by tokens. This is the doctrine that exactly one concrete object exists. Priority monism also targets concrete objects, but counts by basic tokens. This is the doctrine that exactly one concrete object is basic, which will turn out to be the classical doctrine that the whole is prior to its parts.
    Direct download  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   78 citations  
  29. The Ground Between the Gaps.Jonathan Schaffer - 2017 - Philosophers' Imprint 17.
    According to a line of thought tracing from Descartes, Leibniz, and Locke through to Kripke, Levine, and Chalmers, there is a special explanatory gap arising between the physical and the phenomenal. I argue that the physical-phenomenal gap is not special but rather that such gaps are pervasive, lurking in the transition from the physical to the chemical and in every concrete transition from more to less fundamental. Correlatively, I argue that such gaps are unproblematic, so long as they are bridged (...)
    Direct download  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   115 citations  
  30.  24
    The psychophysiological model of meditation and altered states of consciousness: A critical review.Marjorie Schuman - 1980 - In J. M. Davidson & Richard J. Davidson (eds.), The Psychobiology of Consciousness. Plenum. pp. 333--378.
  31. Is there a fundamental level?Jonathan Schaffer - 2003 - Noûs 37 (3):498–517.
    ‘‘Thus I believe that there is no part of matter which is not—I do not say divisible—but actually divided; and consequently the least particle ought to be considered as a world full of an infinity of different creatures.’’ (Leibniz, letter to Foucher).
    Direct download (4 more)  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   256 citations  
  32. Two Conceptions of Sparse Properties.Jonathan Schaffer - 2004 - Pacific Philosophical Quarterly 85 (1):92–102.
    Are the sparse properties drawn from all the levels of nature, or only the fundamental level? I discuss the notion of sparse property found in Armstrong and Lewis, show that there are tensions in the roles they have assigned the sparse properties, and argue that the sparse properties should be drawn from all the levels of nature.
    Direct download (3 more)  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   112 citations  
  33.  24
    Cognitive Science and Metaphysics.Jonathan Schaffer - 2016 - In Hilary Kornblith & Brian McLaughlin (eds.), Goldman and his Critics. Malden, MA: Blackwell. pp. 337–368.
    This chapter makes the general case for metaphysics as a required partner to cognitive science in the debunking project, for providing an external standard to assess intuitions. It considers the specific case studies of color, temporal passage, and spatial unity. These illustrate the general role of metaphysics in debunking, while also shedding more light on the interplay between cognitive science and metaphysics. There is also a sense in which cognitive science might be thought to have something very specific to say (...)
    Direct download  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   6 citations  
  34.  16
    Lewis on Knowledge Ascriptions.Jonathan Schaffer - 2015 - In Barry Loewer & Jonathan Schaffer (eds.), A companion to David Lewis. Chichester, West Sussex ;: Wiley-Blackwell. pp. 471–490.
    David Lewis tends to use the notion of knowledge in an intuitive way, and it is the burden of his contextualist relevant alternatives theory to fit this intuitive usage. The chapter begins with a review of Lewis's contribution to the theory of knowledge. This involves presenting both his elegant version of relevant alternatives theory, and his detailed version of contextualism, and then displaying the combined account and its claimed virtues. The relevance of a possibility at a context is determined by (...)
    No categories
    Direct download  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   6 citations  
  35. The Internal Relatedness of All Things.J. Schaffer - 2010 - Mind 119 (474):341-376.
    The argument from internal relatedness was one of the major nineteenth century neo-Hegelian arguments for monism. This argument has been misunderstood, and may even be sound. The argument, as I reconstruct it, proceeds in two stages: first, it is argued that all things are internally related in ways that render them interdependent; second, the substantial unity of the whole universe is inferred from the interdependence of all of its parts. The guiding idea behind the argument is that failure of free (...)
    Direct download (8 more)  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   115 citations  
  36. Causal Contextualisms.Jonathan Schaffer - 2013 - In Martijn Blaauw (ed.), Contrastivism in philosophy. New York: Routledge/Taylor & Francis Group.
    Causal claims are context sensitive. According to the old orthodoxy (Mackie 1974, Lewis 1986, inter alia), the context sensitivity of causal claims is all due to conversational pragmatics. According to the new contextualists (Hitchcock 1996, Woodward 2003, Maslen 2004, Menzies 2004, Schaffer 2005, and Hall ms), at least some of the context sensitivity of causal claims is semantic in nature. I want to discuss the prospects for causal contextualism, by asking why causal claims are context sensitive, what they are (...)
    Direct download  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   46 citations  
  37. Trumping Preemption.Jonathan Schaffer - 2000 - Journal of Philosophy 97 (4):165.
    Extant counterfactual accounts of causation (CACs) still cannot handle preemptive causation. I describe a new variety of preemption, defend its possibility, and use it to show the inadequacy of extant CACs. Imagine that it is a law of nature that the first spell cast on a given day match the enchantment that midnight.
    Direct download (7 more)  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   85 citations  
  38.  38
    The Philosophy of Biology: An Episodic History.Marjorie Grene & David Depew - 2004 - New York: Cambridge University Press. Edited by David J. Depew.
    Is life different from the non-living? If so, how? And how, in that case, does biology as the study of living things differ from other sciences? These questions are traced through an exploration of episodes in the history of biology and philosophy. The book begins with Aristotle, then moves on to Descartes, comparing his position with that of Harvey. In the eighteenth century the authors consider Buffon and Kant. In the nineteenth century the authors examine the Cuvier-Geoffroy debate, pre-Darwinian geology (...)
    Direct download  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   48 citations  
  39. (1 other version)On what grounds what.Jonathan Schaffer - 2009 - In Ryan Wasserman, David Manley & David Chalmers (eds.), Metametaphysics: New Essays on the Foundations of Ontology. Oxford, England: Oxford University Press. pp. 347-383.
    On the now dominant Quinean view, metaphysics is about what there is. Metaphysics so conceived is concerned with such questions as whether properties exist, whether meanings exist, and whether numbers exist. I will argue for the revival of a more traditional Aristotelian view, on which metaphysics is about what grounds what. Metaphysics so revived does not bother asking whether properties, meanings, and numbers exist (of course they do!) The question is whether or not they are fundamental.
    Direct download (4 more)  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   788 citations  
  40. Contrastive Knowledge Surveyed.Jonathan Schaffer & Joshua Knobe - 2010 - Noûs 46 (4):675-708.
    Suppose that Ann says, “Keith knows that the bank will be open tomorrow.” Her audience may well agree. Her knowledge ascription may seem true. But now suppose that Ben—in a different context—also says “Keith knows that the bank will be open tomorrow.” His audience may well disagree. His knowledge ascription may seem false. Indeed, a number of philosophers have claimed that people’s intuitions about knowledge ascriptions are context sensitive, in the sense that the very same knowledge ascription can seem true (...)
    Direct download (5 more)  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   100 citations  
  41. Knowledge, Stakes, and Mistakes.Wesley Buckwalter & Jonathan Schaffer - 2015 - Noûs 49 (2):201–234.
    According to a prominent claim in recent epistemology, people are less likely to ascribe knowledge to a high stakes subject for whom the practical consequences of error are severe, than to a low stakes subject for whom the practical consequences of error are slight. We offer an opinionated "state of the art" on experimental research about the role of stakes in knowledge judgments. We draw on a first wave of empirical studies--due to Feltz & Zarpentine (2010), May et al (2010), (...)
    Direct download (2 more)  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   71 citations  
  42.  33
    Philosophy of Medicine: Prolegomena to a Philosophy of Science.Marjorie Grene - 1976 - PSA: Proceedings of the Biennial Meeting of the Philosophy of Science Association 1976:77 - 93.
  43.  32
    Moral learning as intuitive theory revision.Marjorie Rhodes & Henry Wellman - 2017 - Cognition 167:191-200.
    No categories
    Direct download (2 more)  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   10 citations  
  44.  12
    The person in psychology and Christianity: a faith-based critique of five theories of social development.Marjorie Lindner Gunnoe - 2022 - Downers Grove, Illinois: IVP Academic.
    In this accessible integration of psychology and theology, Marjorie Lindner Gunnoe offers a comprehensive understanding of personhood from both perspectives, examining the intersection of biblical perspectives with established theories of social development as proposed by Erik Erikson, B. F. Skinner, Evoluntionary Psychology, and more.
    Direct download  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark  
  45. The Contrast-sensitivity of Knowledge Ascriptions.Jonathan Schaffer - 2008 - Social Epistemology 22 (3):235-245.
    Knowledge ascriptions are contrast-sensitive. One natural explanation for this is that the knowledge relation is contrastive ( s knows that p rather than q ). But can the binary view of knowledge ( s knows that p ) explain contrast-sensitivity? I review some of the linguistic data supporting contrast-sensitivity, and critique the three main binary explanations for contrast-sensitivity. I conclude that the contrast-sensitivity of knowledge ascriptions shows that knowledge is a contrastive relation.
    Direct download (4 more)  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   36 citations  
  46.  44
    Nursing Practices and Lactation Amenorrhoea.Marjorie F. Elias, Jane Teas, Johanna Johnston & Carolyn Bora - 1986 - Journal of Biosocial Science 18 (1):1-10.
    Direct download (5 more)  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   11 citations  
  47. The least discerning and most promiscuous truthmaker.Jonathan Schaffer - 2010 - Philosophical Quarterly 60 (239):307 - 324.
    I argue that the one and only truthmaker is the world. This view can be seen as arisingfrom (i) the view that truthmaking is a relation of grounding holding between true propositions and fundamental entities, together with (ii) the view that the world is the one and only fundamental entity. I argue that this view provides an elegant and economical account of the truthmakers, while solving the problem of negative existentials, in a way that proves ontologically revealing.
    Direct download (5 more)  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   159 citations  
  48.  34
    A Response to Núñez et al.'s “What Happened to Cognitive Science?”.Marjorie McShane, Selmer Bringsjord, James Hendler, Sergei Nirenburg & Ron Sun - 2019 - Topics in Cognitive Science 11 (4):914-917.
    Núñez et al.'s (2019) negative assessment of the field of cognitive science derives from evaluation criteria that fail to reflect the true nature of the field. In reality, the field is thriving on both the research and educational fronts, and it shows great promise for the future.
    Direct download (2 more)  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   3 citations  
  49.  54
    Matthew Arnold.Marjorie Cruickshank, James Gribble & Matthew Arnold - 1968 - British Journal of Educational Studies 16 (2):214.
  50.  43
    Obliterating Thingness: An Introduction to the “What” and the “So What” of Quantum Physics.Kathryn Schaffer & Gabriela Barreto Lemos - 2019 - Foundations of Science 26 (1):7-26.
    This essay provides a short introduction to the ideas and potential implications of quantum physics for scholars in the arts, humanities, and social sciences. Quantum-inspired ideas pepper current discourse in all of these fields, in ways that range from playful metaphors to sweeping ontological claims. We explain several of the most important concepts at the core of quantum theory, carefully delineating the scope and bounds of currently established science, in order to aid the evaluation of such claims. In particular, we (...)
    Direct download (3 more)  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   1 citation  
1 — 50 / 913