What is common sense? -- Back in time -- How does common sense work -- Understanding common sense -- More than common sense -- Common sense and mistakes -- Animal common sense -- More than common sense -- Common sense nonsense -- Common sense test.

O objetivo deste trabalho, que se inscreve em uma pesquisa em Historia das ideias linguísticas na articulação com a Análise de Discurso, é analisar o funcionamento do glossário do escritor brasileiro João Antônio.

Esta pesquisa discute a aplicação da tecnologia da informação nos processos de representação da informação de obras artístico-pictóricas e teve por objetivo geral apresentar uma relação possível entre os softwares de mineração de textos e a sistematização de termos nas práticas de representação da informação a partir da documentação gerada pela análise de obras artístico-pictóricas pelo viés da Ciência da Informação. Para isso, a pesquisa consistiu de estudo de caso, utilizando o software online Sobek para processar uma amostra da documentação (...) gerada pelas análises de obras artístico-pictóricas de Medeiros (2017), com a realização de três etapas: a) organização textual do conteúdo documental; b) inserção do conteúdo textual organizado no software Sobek e geração do grafo e; c) análise do grafo gerado pelo software Sobek. Os resultados indicaram que a utilização do Sobek demonstra indícios da viabilidade de uso da mineração de texto como auxílio aos processos de representação da informação de obras artístico-pictóricas, não obstante apontaram a necessidade de aprofundamento da questão para realização de futuras propostas metodológicas e de aperfeiçoamento do software a este fim documentário. (shrink)

O objetivo do estudo foi investigar a prevalência e motivos do uso de álcool, tabaco e outras drogas por acadêmicos. A amostra foi composta por 560 estudantes, entre 17 e 74 anos ( M = 31,16, DP = 11,10). As substâncias com maior prevalência de uso na vida foram álcool e tabaco. Dentre as drogas ilí..

A partir do pensamento filosófico, podemos ver o homem apregoando juízos de valores a determinadas formas de conduta dentro da sociedade, ou seja, julgar se determinada coisa é boa, ruim, agradável, desagradável, bonito, feio, etc. E entre esses vários juízos de valores podemos distinguir o juízo moral e o estético. Como nosso trabalho está baseado no juízo estético, falaremos do ideal de beleza na arte grega e das demonstrações de preocupação com a modalidade corporal e com as percepções sobre os (...) detalhes do corpo que os artistas gregos tinham, reveladas através de uma estética da beleza que deveria ser refletida nas obras escultóricas. (shrink)

A NOVA LEI DE FALÊNCIAS E SUA EFETIVIDADE PRÁTICA.

A IMPORTÂNCIA CONSTITUCIONAL DO DIREITO DO CONSUMIDOR E A SUA RELAÇÃO COM A PRESTAÇÃO DE SERVIÇOS PÚBLICOS.

ADMINISTRANDO VIDAS SECAS: ENSAIO SOBRE OS RELATOS DE GRACILIANO RAMOS EM SUA EXPERIÊNCIA COMO PREFEITO DE PALMEIRA DOS ÍNDIOS/AL.

A POLÍTICA EM CEM ANOS DE SOLIDÃO: UM ENSAIO SOBRE A DEMOCRACIA DA AMÉRICA LATINA NO SÉCULO XX.

A INDEVIDA CRIMINALIZAÇÃO DA MORALIDADE:O CRIME DE CASA DE PROSTITUIÇÃO SOB O PRISMA DO PATERNALISMO PENAL.

This study aims to map out the relationships that make up green innovation initiatives in Brazilian industry. The sample comprised 100 managers at manufacturing companies, most of them operating in the business of farm machinery and equipment and steel structures. To develop this study, Medeiros et al. study, mapping critical factors that drive the success of green product innovation and the paradigm of complexity, was used as a reference study. Based on the results, it was possible to identify that (...) the operational dynamic of the factors and variables that affect market success do not happen in an isolated or fragmented way; they occur systematically with different contingencies and structured basic and intermediate skills in order to meet the expectations of consumers, laws, and environmental legislation. Initially, the technological expertise factor was noted as very important for sustaining green product innovation. Furthermore, since proactive leaders are an important factor for successfully developing environmentally sustainable products, it must be added to technological expertise as the foundation for developing green innovation. After defining the basis for green product innovation, the intermediary conditions necessary for using the available technology appropriately were mapped out. In this sense, variables such as “elimination of cultural barriers,” “capacity for critical reflective analysis,” and “experimentation” are also very important. In addition, some of the variables of the cross-functional collaboration and market knowledge factors were a part of the structure that organizations need to transform potential into developing green products, which is the basis for the third level of the model. The fourth level of the model has the “meeting consumer expectations” and “following law and legislation” factors, which make up the main goals for developing environmentally sustainable products according to a number of surveys that were conducted. (shrink)

Efforts have been dedicated to the understanding of social-ecological systems, an important focus in ethnobiological studies. In particular, ethnobiological investigations have found evidence and tested hypotheses over the last 30 years on the interactions between human groups and their environments, generating the need to formulate a theory for such systems. In this article, we propose the social-ecological theory of maximization to explain the construction and functioning of these systems over time, encompassing hypotheses and evidence from previous ethnobiological studies. In proposing (...) the theory, we present definitions and two conceptual models, an environmental maximization model and a redundancy generation model. The first model seeks to address biota selection and its use by human populations. The second emphasizes how the system organizes itself from the elements that were incorporated into it. Furthermore, we provide the theoretical scenario of plant selection and use from an evolutionary perspective, which explicitly integrates the phylogenetic relationships of plants and human beings. (shrink)

A Research Guide to the Ancient World: Print and Electronic Sources is a partially annotated bibliography that covers the study of the ancient world, and closes the traditional subject gap between the humanities and the social sciences in this area of study. This book is the only bibliographic resource available for such holistic coverage.

Uncertainty, insecurity and vulnerability have become commonplace in contemporary societies. This article aims an interdisciplinary reflection on the social and political construction of fear in liquid modernity. Zygmunt Bauman, Leonidas Donskis, Martha Nussbaum, Hannah Arendt, Ulrich Beck, Boaventura de Sousa Santos, Bernard Henri-Levy and Umberto Eco are some of the authors that we will put into dialogue to better understand the multiple narratives of fear in an era deeply marked by destruction social certainties, the worsening of social inequalities, the logic (...) of predatory capitalism, the resurgence of nationalisms of exclusion, as well as ethnic-cultural particularisms, which move from xenophobic and racist discourses and, finally, new risks, such as ecological degradation and the pandemic COVID19, which currently plagues contemporary societies and domesticates social behaviors. (shrink)

Efforts have been dedicated to the understanding of social-ecological systems, an important focus in ethnobiological studies. In particular, ethnobiological investigations have found evidence and tested hypotheses over the last 30 years on the interactions between human groups and their environments, generating the need to formulate a theory for such systems. In this article, we propose the social-ecological theory of maximization to explain the construction and functioning of these systems over time, encompassing hypotheses and evidence from previous ethnobiological studies. In proposing (...) the theory, we present definitions and two conceptual models, an environmental maximization model and a redundancy generation model. The first model seeks to address biota selection and its use by human populations. The second emphasizes how the system organizes itself from the elements that were incorporated into it. Furthermore, we provide the theoretical scenario of plant selection and use from an evolutionary perspective, which explicitly integrates the phylogenetic relationships of plants and human beings. (shrink)

O olhar para o nu através da história, a partir de pensamentos morais e pedagógicos surgido com a civilização grega e a influência da civilização helênica na representação do corpo humano nas épocas posteriores. A moralidade e a intervenção religiosa no processo artístico, tornando a imagem do homem e da mulher – até então influenciados pela estética clássica - fontes de pecado e luxúria. O renascer da arte clássica após a opressão religiosa, com o ressurgimento do antropocentrismo no Renascimento. A (...) comparação da ousadia artística grega e renascentista na representação do nu. A estética grega na representação da beleza humana e sua importância na arte universal. (shrink)

Embora a logica seja, de urn modo geraJ, concebida como um ramo da filosofia, suas aplic~oes via muito alem dos limites de qualquer disciplina isoladamente considerada (SALMON, 1993). Seu papel principal e fomecer meios para determinar a rel~o de consequencia que vige entre as premissas e a conclusao de urn dado argumento. Dentre as tecnicas utilizadas que possibihtarn garantir esta rel~o destaca-se a tecnica por redu ¢oao absurdo por ser amplamente aplicada nas cienciasdesde a antiguidade. Suaideiabasics residenofatodequeumapropo si~ nio pode (...) ser verdadeira se dela deduzimos uma contradi ~o. Pretende-se, entio, apresentar a estrutura logica de tal tee niea de demonstracao a partir de urn dado sistema formal da logica classica. (shrink)

As social animals, humans need to live in groups. This contact with conspecifics is essential for their evolution and survival. Among the recommendations to reduce transmission of the new coronavirus responsible for COVID-19 are social distancing and home confinement. These measures may negatively affect the social life and, consequently, the emotional state and eating behavior of individuals. We assessed the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the anxiety, premenstrual symptoms, and eating behavior of young women. Data collection was conducted in (...) person and online. A total of 71 participants, average age of 21.26 years, took part in the study. Trait anxiety during the pandemic was significantly lower than in the prepandemic period. Investigation of the “anxiety/stress” symptom of the Premenstrual Symptoms Screening Tool revealed that this symptom was more severe before the pandemic. There was a decline in the desire for sweet and fatty foods during the pandemic. However, craving for traditional foods rose significantly in the same period. Uncontrolled and emotional eating were significantly lower during the pandemic. The results suggest that the pandemic may have had a positive impact on anxiety and eating behavior of the participants, which may be due to differences between urban and rural populations and the latter living with their families. These findings are important for raising a discussion regarding the effects of the current environment on the regulation of cognitive and dietary adaptations. (shrink)

A contemporary orientation of the hospital experience model must encompass the clients’ religious-spiritual dimension. The objective of this paper is to share a previous experience, highlighting at least five reasons hospitals should invest in this direction, and an equal number of steps required to achieve it. In the first part, the text discourses about five reasons to invest in religious-spiritual support programs: 1. Religious-spiritual wellbeing is related to better health; 2. Religious-spiritual appreciation is a standard for hospital accreditation; 3. To (...) undo religious-spiritual misunderstandings that can affect treatment; 4. Patients demand a religious-spiritual outlook from the institution; and 5. Costs may be reduced with religious-spiritual support. In the second part, the text suggests five steps to implement religious-spiritual support programs: 1. Deep institutional involvement; 2. Formal staff training; 3. Infrastructure and resources; 4. Adjustment of institutional politics; and 5. Agreement with religious-spiritual leaders. The authors hope the information compiled here can inspire hospitals to adopt actions toward optimization of the healing experience. (shrink)

An intuitive and widely accepted view is that (a) beliefs aim at truth, (b) many citizens have stable and meaningful political beliefs, and (c) citizens choose to support political candidates or parties on the basis of their political beliefs. We argue that all three claims are false. First, we argue that political beliefs often differ from ordinary world-modelling beliefs because they do not aim at truth. Second, we draw on empirical evidence from political science and psychology to argue that most (...) people lack stable and meaningful political beliefs. Third, we claim that the true psychological basis for voting behavior is not an individual’s political beliefs but rather group identity. Along the way, we reflect on what this means for normative democratic theory. (shrink)

Este artigo apresenta os resultados de pesquisa que teve como objetivo a avaliação de oito livros didáticos de filosofia para o ensino médio, selecionados como os principais livros disponíveis no mercado editorial brasileiro. Apresenta o referencial teórico sobre conteúdos e metodologias mais adequadas para o ensino de filosofia no nível médio, expõe a metodologia empregada para a análise dos livros e discute os resultados obtidos.

This handbook provides an overview of key ideas, questions, and puzzles in political epistemology. It is divided into seven sections: (1) Politics and Truth: Historical and Contemporary Perspectives; (2) Political Disagreement and Polarization; (3) Fake News, Propaganda, Misinformation; (4) Ignorance and Irrationality in Politics; (5) Epistemic Virtues and Vices in Politics; (6) Democracy and Epistemology; (7) Trust, Expertise, and Doubt.

O artigo apresenta como questão norteadora: Qual a base de conhecimentos para a formação de professores de Educação Física? O objetivo visa analisar que conhecimentos são reconhecidos como importantes para a formação de professores de Educação Física, sob a perspectiva dos professores envolvidosno currículo. Foram entrevistados 11 professores de diferentes disciplinas e de diferentes centros de estudos da instituição que atuaram na primeira série do curso . Os resultados demonstram ênfase nos conhecimentos de conteúdo específico como necessários para a formação (...) do professor de Educação Física, além de carência teórica sobre o que vem a ser essa base de conhecimentos para o ensino. L'article présente comme question principale: Lequel la base de connaissances pour la formation d'enseignants d'Éducation Physique? L'objectif vise à analyser que des connaissances sont reconnues comme importants pour la formation d'enseignants d'Éducation Physique, sous la perspective des enseignants impliqués dans le curriculum . Ont été interviewés 11 enseignants de différentes disciplines et de différents centres d'études de l'institution qui ont agi dans première série du cours . Les résultats démontrent accent dans les connaissances de contenu spécifique comme nécessaires pour la formation de l'enseignant d'Éducation Physique, outre manque théorique sur lequel vient à être cette base de connaissances pour l'enseignement. (shrink)

Le débat sur l’existence réelle du point a occupé une place importante dans les débats philosophiques parisiens du deuxième quart du xive siècle. La contribution de Jean Buridan à ce débat est bien connue mais à ce jour, l’identité d’un certain « magister M. de Montescalerio », adversaire réaliste de Buridan et auteur d’une Determinatio de puncto, est restée inconnue. Cet article établit l’identité de cet important maître actif vers 1340 à la faculté des arts de Paris et en retrace (...) la carrière. (shrink)

The desire for a meaningful life is ubiquitous, yet the ordinary concept of a meaningful life is poorly understood. Across six experiments (total N = 2,539), we investigated whether third-person attributions of meaning depend on the psychological states an agent experiences (feelings of interest, engagement, and fulfillment), or on the objective conditions of their life (e.g., their effects on others). Studies 1a–b found that laypeople think subjective and objective factors contribute independently to the meaningfulness of a person’s life. Studies 2a–b (...) found that positive mental states are thought to make a life more meaningful, even if derived from senseless activities (e.g., hand-copying the dictionary). Studies 3a–b found that agents engaged in morally bad activities are not thought to have meaningful lives, even if they feel fulfilled. In short, both an agents’ subjective mental states and objective impact on the world affect how meaningful their lives appear. (shrink)

The employment application form is a major source of information about candidates for many companies. It is also a potential source of infringement by the company upon the privacy of the individual. Although September 1984 saw the passing into law of the Data Protection Act, the U.K. has not been in the forefront of civil rights where employees and personal information are concerned. During an extended interview with members of a personnel department of a major company, several issues relating to (...) privacy issues were revealed and these are discussed in the paper. Although these interviews were carried out before the new law came into effect, they do show that this and many similar organisations may experience problems over compliance. This is particularly likely in the computerisation of personnel records and employees' access to their personal information. (shrink)

This article sets out to describe how churches have responded and continue to respond to fast-changing urban environments in Pretoria Central and Mamelodi East, animating Henri Lefebvre’s sociological perspective of citadins or urban inhabitants. We make tentative interpretations and offer critical appreciation. Churches, which were historically separated from the city centre, now directly participate in claiming a right to the city. With necessary fluidity, churches express lived African urbanisms through informality, place-making, spatial innovation and everyday rituals. Though not exhaustive, the (...) article focuses on rituals shared among historic urban Christians and contemporary African urban Christians, namely prayer, listening to the Bible and worship. These rituals, when combined with the churches’ spatial innovation, to a certain degree contribute to place-making. (shrink)

Eric G. Forbes, Lesley Murdin and Francis Willmoth , The Correspondence of John Flamsteed, First Astronomer Royal. Volume 1: 1666–1682. Bristol and Philadelphia: Institute of Physics Publishing, 1995. Pp. xlix+955. ISBN 0-7503-0147-3. £140.00, $280.00.Heinz-Jurgen Hess, James G. O'Hara and Herbert Breger , Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz: Sämtliche Schriften und Briefe. Dritte Reihe, Mathematischer, naturwissenschaftlicher und technischer Briefwechsel: Volume 3, 1680–1683; Volume 4, 1683–1690. Berlin: Akademie Verlag, 1991, 1995. Pp. lxx+895; lxvi+747. ISBN 3-05-000766-4, DM 490.00 ; 3-05-002602-2, DM 490.00 .Wilhelm Schmidt-Biggemann , (...) Samuel Pufendorf. Gesammelte Werke, Band 1: Briefwechsel . Berlin: Akademie Verlag, 1996. Pp. xxix+453. ISBN 3-05-001920-4. DM 298.00.The editing of the correspondence of major figures in intellectual history is an essential scholarly activity. Yet in this country in recent years it has neither been the priority it should be, nor has it received the support that it deserves. Of course there have been exceptions to this, perhaps notably – for the early modern period – the epic one-man effort of Esmond de Beer in his later years in producing The Correspondence of John Locke . A further exception, the edition of The Correspondence of Henry Oldenburg by A. R. and M. B. Hall, was unfortunately flawed by the need to change publishers midway in the series, which has led to a marked disparity in the availability of the latter part of the set compared with its early volumes. In any case, like the Locke edition, this was conceived in the heady days of the 1960s and early 1970s, and few have ventured such enterprises since. Virtually the only exception is Noel Malcolm's edition of the manageable-sized Correspondence of Thomas Hobbes . Moreover, it is revealing of the acute need to justify the publication of such material felt by editors and publishers alike that the promotional leaflet for this edition went so far as to claim that it was ‘one of the most important scholarly publications of the twentieth century’ – a claim that is the more ironic in view of the quite significant shortcomings in its method of presenting the material that it contains. (shrink)

Purpose: To analyze how individual characteristics and the social context are associated with mental distress symptoms in the Brazilian population.Method: A multilevel cross-sectional study with data from the 2013 National Health Survey. There were two dependent variables: decreased vital energy and somatic symptoms, the presence of depressive thoughts. The independent variables were biological characteristics, education and income, habits and lifestyle, and context variables. Bivariate analysis was performed, and Prevalence Ratios calculated in a Poisson Regression. A multilevel Poisson Regression was performed (...) to verify the effect of individual and contextual variables.Results: Regarding depressive thoughts, young and middle-aged individuals, low education, women, absence of partner, smokers or former smokers, and absence of health insurance were the categories at highest risk; belonging to classes D-E and living in states with lower expected years of schooling proved to be protective factors. Similar results were found for the second outcome.Conclusions: Symptoms of mental distress were associated with the individual characteristics and contextual aspects of the federation unit. These findings indicate the importance of strengthening psychosocial care aimed at vulnerable groups. (shrink)