62 found
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  1. Reconciling Regulation with Scientific Autonomy in Dual-Use Research.Nicholas G. Evans, Michael J. Selgelid & Robert Mark Simpson - 2022 - Journal of Medicine and Philosophy 47 (1):72-94.
    In debates over the regulation of communication related to dual-use research, the risks that such communication creates must be weighed against against the value of scientific autonomy. The censorship of such communication seems justifiable in certain cases, given the potentially catastrophic applications of some dual-use research. This conclusion however, gives rise to another kind of danger: that regulators will use overly simplistic cost-benefit analysis to rationalize excessive regulation of scientific research. In response to this, we show how institutional design principles (...)
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  2. Ethical and philosophical consideration of the dual-use dilemma in the biological sciences.Seumas Miller & Michael J. Selgelid - 2007 - Science and Engineering Ethics 13 (4):523-580.
    The dual-use dilemma arises in the context of research in the biological and other sciences as a consequence of the fact that one and the same piece of scientific research sometimes has the potential to be used for bad as well as good purposes. It is an ethical dilemma since it is about promoting good in the context of the potential for also causing harm, e.g., the promotion of health in the context of providing the wherewithal for the killing of (...)
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  3.  72
    Influenza Vaccination Strategies Should Target Children.Ben Bambery, Thomas Douglas, Michael J. Selgelid, Hannah Maslen, Alberto Giubilini, Andrew J. Pollard & Julian Savulescu - 2018 - Public Health Ethics 11 (2):221-234.
    Strategies to increase influenza vaccination rates have typically targeted healthcare professionals and individuals in various high-risk groups such as the elderly. We argue that they should focus on increasing vaccination rates in children. Because children suffer higher influenza incidence rates than any other demographic group, and are major drivers of seasonal influenza epidemics, we argue that influenza vaccination strategies that serve to increase uptake rates in children are likely to be more effective in reducing influenza-related morbidity and mortality than those (...)
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  4. Ethics and infectious disease.Michael J. Selgelid - 2005 - Bioethics 19 (3):272–289.
    This seminal collection on the ethical issues associated with infectious disease is the first book to correct bioethics’ glaring neglect of this subject. Timely in view of public concern about SARS, AIDS, avian flu, bioterrorism and antibiotic resistance. Brings together new and classic papers by prominent figures. Tackles the ethical issues associated with issues such as quarantine, vaccination policy, pandemic planning, biodefense, wildlife disease and health care in developing countries.
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  5. Moderate eugenics and human enhancement.Michael J. Selgelid - 2014 - Medicine, Health Care and Philosophy 17 (1):3-12.
    Though the reputation of eugenics has been tarnished by history, eugenics per se is not necessarily a bad thing. Many advocate a liberal new eugenics—where individuals are free to choose whether or not to employ genetic technologies for reproductive purposes. Though genetic interventions aimed at the prevention of severe genetic disorders may be morally and socially acceptable, reproductive liberty in the context of enhancement may conflict with equality. Enhancement could also have adverse effects on utility. The enhancement debate requires a (...)
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  6.  65
    Gain-of-Function Research: Ethical Analysis.Michael J. Selgelid - 2016 - Science and Engineering Ethics 22 (4):923-964.
    Gain-of-function research involves experimentation that aims or is expected to increase the transmissibility and/or virulence of pathogens. Such research, when conducted by responsible scientists, usually aims to improve understanding of disease causing agents, their interaction with human hosts, and/or their potential to cause pandemics. The ultimate objective of such research is to better inform public health and preparedness efforts and/or development of medical countermeasures. Despite these important potential benefits, GOF research can pose risks regarding biosecurity and biosafety. In 2014 the (...)
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  7. Victims, vectors and villains: are those who opt out of vaccination morally responsible for the deaths of others?Euzebiusz Jamrozik, Toby Handfield & Michael J. Selgelid - 2016 - Journal of Medical Ethics (12):762-768.
    Mass vaccination has been a successful public health strategy for many contagious diseases. The immunity of the vaccinated also protects others who cannot be safely or effectively vaccinated—including infants and the immunosuppressed. When vaccination rates fall, diseases like measles can rapidly resurge in a population. Those who cannot be vaccinated for medical reasons are at the highest risk of severe disease and death. They thus may bear the burden of others' freedom to opt out of vaccination. It is often asked (...)
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  8. A moderate pluralist approach to public health policy and ethics.Michael J. Selgelid - 2009 - Public Health Ethics 2 (2):195-205.
    Centre for Applied Philosophy and Public Ethics, The Australian National University, LPO Box 8260, ANU, Canberra ACT 2601, Australia. Email: michael.selgelid{at}anu.edu.au ' + u + '@ ' + d + ' '/ /- ->. Home page: http: //www.cappe.edu.au/staff/michael-selgelid.htmThis article advocates the development of a moderate pluralist theory of political philosophy that recognizes that utility, liberty and equality are legitimate, independent social values and that none should have absolute priority over the others. Inter alia, such a theory would provide a principled (...)
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  9.  43
    Human infection challenge studies in endemic settings and/or low-income and middle-income countries: key points of ethical consensus and controversy.Euzebiusz Jamrozik & Michael J. Selgelid - 2020 - Journal of Medical Ethics 46 (9):601-609.
    Human infection challenge studies (HCS) involve intentionally infecting research participants with pathogens (or other micro-organisms). There have been recent calls for more HCS to be conducted in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs), where many relevant diseases are endemic. HCS in general, and HCS in LMICs in particular, raise numerous ethical issues. This paper summarises the findings of a project that explored ethical and regulatory issues related to LMIC HCS via (i) a review of relevant literature and (ii) 45 qualitative interviews (...)
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  10.  32
    Is the non-identity problem relevant to public health and policy? An online survey.Keyur Doolabh, Lucius Caviola, Julian Savulescu, Michael J. Selgelid & Dominic Wilkinson - 2019 - BMC Medical Ethics 20 (1):1-17.
    The non-identity problem arises when our actions in the present could change which people will exist in the future, for better or worse. Is it morally better to improve the lives of specific future people, as compared to changing which people exist for the better? Affecting the timing of fetuses being conceived is one case where present actions change the identity of future people. This is relevant to questions of public health policy, as exemplified in some responses to the Zika (...)
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  11.  23
    Ethical issues surrounding controlled human infection challenge studies in endemic low‐and middle‐income countries.Euzebiusz Jamrozik & Michael J. Selgelid - 2020 - Bioethics 34 (8):797-808.
    Controlled human infection challenge studies (CHIs) involve intentionally exposing research participants to, and/or thereby infecting them with, micro‐organisms. There have been increased calls for more CHIs to be conducted in low‐ and middle‐income countries (LMICs) where many relevant diseases are endemic. This article is based on a research project that identified and analyzed ethical and regulatory issues related to endemic LMIC CHIs via (a) a review of relevant literature and (b) qualitative interviews involving 45 scientists and ethicists with relevant expertise. (...)
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  12.  60
    Ethics and drug resistance.Michael J. Selgelid - 2007 - Bioethics 21 (4):218–229.
    ABSTRACT This paper reviews the dynamics behind, and ethical issues associated with, the phenomenon of drug resistance. Drug resistance is an important ethical issue partly because of the severe consequences likely to result from the increase in drug resistant pathogens if more is not done to control them. Drug resistance is also an ethical issue because, rather than being a mere quirk of nature, the problem is largely a product of drug distribution. Drug resistance results from the over‐consumption of antibiotics (...)
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  13.  41
    Ethics, tuberculosis and globalization.Michael J. Selgelid - 2008 - Public Health Ethics 1 (1):10-20.
    CAPPE LPO Box 8260 ANU Canberra ACT 2601 Australia Tel: +61 (0)2 6125 4355, Fax: +61 (0)2 6125 6579; Email: michael.selgelid{at}anu.edu.au ' + u + '@' + d + ' '//--> Abstract This article reviews ethically relevant history of tuberculosis and recent developments regarding extensively drug resistant tuberculosis (XDR-TB). It argues that tuberculosis is one of the most important neglected topics in bioethics. With an emphasis on XDR-TB, it examines a range of the more challenging ethical issues associated with tuberculosis: (...)
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  14.  38
    Burden of Proof in Bioethics.Julian J. Koplin & Michael J. Selgelid - 2015 - Bioethics 29 (9):597-603.
    A common strategy in bioethics is to posit a prima facie case in favour of one policy, and to then claim that the burden of proof falls on those with opposing views. If the burden of proof is not met, it is claimed, then the policy in question should be accepted. This article illustrates, and critically evaluates, examples of this strategy in debates about the sale of organs by living donors, human enhancement, and the precautionary principle. We highlight general problems (...)
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  15.  74
    Freedom and moral enhancement.Michael J. Selgelid - 2014 - Journal of Medical Ethics 40 (4):215-216.
    This issue of Journal of Medical Ethics includes a pair of papers debating the implications of moral bioenhancement for human freedom–and, especially, the question of whether moral enhancement should potentially be compulsory. In earlier writings Ingmar Persson and Julian Savulescu argue that compulsory moral bioenhancement may be necessary to prevent against catastrophic harms that might result from immoral behaviour.1 In “Voluntary moral enhancement and the survival-at-any-cost bias” Vojin Rakic agrees with P&S that moral bioenhancement is important, but he argues that (...)
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  16.  53
    Biosecurity and Open-Source Biology: The Promise and Peril of Distributed Synthetic Biological Technologies.Nicholas G. Evans & Michael J. Selgelid - 2015 - Science and Engineering Ethics 21 (4):1065-1083.
    In this article, we raise ethical concerns about the potential misuse of open-source biology : biological research and development that progresses through an organisational model of radical openness, deskilling, and innovation. We compare this organisational structure to that of the open-source software model, and detail salient ethical implications of this model. We demonstrate that OSB, in virtue of its commitment to openness, may be resistant to governance attempts.
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  17.  36
    Coronavirus Human Infection Challenge Studies: Assessing Potential Benefits and Risks.Euzebiusz Jamrozik, George S. Heriot & Michael J. Selgelid - 2020 - Journal of Bioethical Inquiry 17 (4):709-715.
    Human infection challenge studies (HCS) have been proposed as a means to accelerate SARS-CoV2 vaccine development and thereby help to mitigate a prolonged global public health crisis. A key criterion for the ethical acceptability of SARS-CoV2 HCS is that potential benefits outweigh risks. Although the assessment of risks and benefits is meant to be a standard part of research ethics review, systematic comparisons are particularly important in the context of SARS-CoV2 HCS in light of the significant potential benefits and harms (...)
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  18.  24
    Should practice and policy be revised to allow for risk-proportional payment to human challenge study participants?Euzebiusz Jamrozik & Michael J. Selgelid - 2020 - Journal of Medical Ethics 46 (12):835-836.
    Human infection challenge studies provide illuminating case studies for several ongoing debates in research ethics, including those related to research risks and payment of participants. Grimwade et al 1 add to previous public engagement, qualitative evidence and philosophical literature on these topics.1–8 The authors advocate revision of research payment policy and practice based on their main finding that members of the public endorse ex ante payment of participants proportional to research-related risk exposure, in addition to post hoc compensation for any (...)
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  19.  48
    A full-pull program for the provision of pharmaceuticals: Practical issues.Michael J. Selgelid - 2008 - Public Health Ethics 1 (2):134-145.
    Centre for Applied Philosophy and Public Ethics (CAPPE), Menzies Centre for Health Policy, The Australian National University, LPO Box 8260, ANU Canberra ACT 2601, Australia. Tel.: +61 (0)2 6125 4355; Mobile: +61 (0)431 124 286; Fax: +61 (0)2 6125 6579; Email: michael.selgelid{at}anu.edu.au ' + u + '@' + d + ' '//--> Abstract Thomas Pogge has proposed a supplement to the standard patent regime whereby innovating companies would be rewarded in proportion to the extent to which their innovations lead to (...)
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  20.  46
    Necessity and least infringement conditions in public health ethics.Timothy Allen & Michael J. Selgelid - 2017 - Medicine, Health Care and Philosophy 20 (4):525-535.
    The influential public health ethics framework proposed by Childress et al. includes five “justificatory conditions,” two of which are “necessity” and “least infringement.” While the framework points to important moral values, we argue it is redundant for it to list both necessity and least infringement because they are logically equivalent. However, it is ambiguous whether Childress et al. would endorse this view, or hold the two conditions distinct. This ambiguity has resulted in confusion in public health ethics discussions citing the (...)
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  21.  27
    Surveillance and control of asymptomatic carriers of drug‐resistant bacteria.Euzebiusz Jamrozik & Michael J. Selgelid - 2019 - Bioethics 33 (7):766-775.
    Drug‐resistant bacterial infections constitute a major threat to global public health. Several key bacteria that are becoming increasingly resistant are among those that are ubiquitously carried by human beings and usually cause no symptoms (i.e. individuals are asymptomatic carriers) until and/or unless a precipitating event leads to symptomatic infection (and thus disease). Carriers of drug‐resistant bacteria can also transmit resistant pathogens to others, thus putting the latter at risk of resistant infections. Accumulating evidence suggests that such transmission occurs not only (...)
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  22. (1 other version)An Argument against Arguments for Enhancement.Michael J. Selgelid - 2007 - Studies in Ethics, Law, and Technology 1 (1).
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  23.  36
    Promoting Justice, Trust, Compliance, and Health: The Case for Compensation.Michael J. Selgelid - 2009 - American Journal of Bioethics 9 (11):22-24.
    The qualitative research of Baum and colleagues (2009), among other things, reveals that people are worried about the financial consequences of social-distancing measures and that lack of trust in...
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  24.  33
    Just liability and reciprocity reasons for treating wounded soldiers.Michael J. Selgelid - 2008 - American Journal of Bioethics 8 (2):19 – 21.
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  25.  46
    Improving global health: Counting reasons why.Michael J. Selgelid - 2007 - Developing World Bioethics 8 (2):115-125.
    This paper examines cumulative ethical and self-interested reasons why wealthy developed nations should be motivated to do more to improve health care in developing countries. Egalitarian and human rights reasons why wealthy nations should do more to improve global health are that doing so would (1) promote equality of opportunity, (2) improve the situation of the worst-off, (3) promote respect of the human right to have one's most basic needs met, and (4) reduce undeserved inequalities in well-being. Utilitarian reasons for (...)
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  26.  32
    Eugenic abortion, moral uncertainty, and social consequences.Michael J. Selgelid - 2001 - Monash Bioethics Review 20 (2):26-42.
    The proliferation of prenatal genetic testing likely to follow from advances in genetic science invites reconsideration of the moral status of abortion. In this article I examine arguments surrounding the moral status of the fetus. I conclude that secular philosophy should ultimately admit that the moral status of the fetus is uncertain, and that this uncertainty itself makes abortion morally problematic. While this does not imply that abortion is always morally wrong or that it should be legally prohibited, it does (...)
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  27.  43
    Ethics, economics, and aids in Africa.Michael J. Selgelid - 2004 - Developing World Bioethics 4 (1):96–105.
    AIDS in the Twenty‐First Century: Disease and Globalization, by Tony Barnett and Alan Whiteside. New York: Palgrave Macmillan. 2002. 416 pp. US$19.95 The Moral Economy of AIDS in South Africa, by Nicoli Nattrass. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. 2004. 222 pp. US$30.00.
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  28.  25
    (1 other version)Moral uncertainty and the moral status of early human life.Michael J. Selgelid - 2012 - Monash Bioethics Review 30 (1):52-57.
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  29.  42
    Smallpox revisited?Michael J. Selgelid - 2003 - American Journal of Bioethics 3 (1):5 – 11.
    This article reviews the history of smallpox and ethical issues that arise with its threat as a biological weapon. Smallpox killed more people than any infectious disease in history-and perhaps three times more people in the 20th Century than were killed by all the wars of that period. Following a WHO-sponsored global vaccination campaign, smallpox was officially declared eradicated in 1980. It has since been revealed that the Soviet Union, until its fall in the early 1990s, manufactured tens of tons (...)
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  30.  45
    Specifying the duty to treat.Michael J. Selgelid & Yen-Chang Chen - 2008 - American Journal of Bioethics 8 (8):26 – 27.
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  31.  35
    Ethics, health policy, and Zika: From emergency to global epidemic?Euzebiusz Jamrozik & Michael J. Selgelid - 2018 - Journal of Medical Ethics 44 (5):343-348.
    Zika virus was recognised in 2016 as an important vector-borne cause of congenital malformations and Guillain-Barré syndrome, during a major epidemic in Latin America, centred in Northeastern Brazil. The WHO and Pan American Health Organisation, with partner agencies, initiated a coordinated global response including public health intervention and urgent scientific research, as well as ethical analysis as a vital element of policy design. In this paper, we summarise the major ethical issues raised during the Zika epidemic, highlighting the PAHO ethics (...)
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  32.  25
    Universal Norms and Conflicting Values.Michael J. Selgelid - 2005 - Developing World Bioethics 5 (3):267-273.
    ABSTRACT While UNESCO's Universal Draft Declaration on Bioethics and Human Rights highlights appropriate ethical values, its principles are stated in absolute terms and conflict with one another. The Draft Declaration fails to sufficiently address the possibility of conflict between principles, and it provides no real guidance on how to strike a balance between them in cases where conflict occurs. The document's inadequate treatment of conflicting values is revealed by examination of cases where principles aimed at the promotion of autonomy and (...)
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  33.  22
    Neugenics?Michael J. Selgelid - 2000 - Monash Bioethics Review 19 (4):9-33.
    Many are worried that the Human Genome Project will lead to a revival of eugenics. In this essay I examine the troublesome history of the ‘old eugenics’ which included the Nazi program of ‘Racial Hygiene’ and the sterilization of the ‘feebleminded’ in the United States of America. A ‘new eugenics’, involving prenatal diagnosis and the selective abortion of fetuses likely to develop into severely disabled infants, on the other hand, is claimed by many to be morally acceptable. If this is (...)
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  34.  46
    Infectious Disease Ethics: Limiting Liberty in Contexts of Contagion.Michael J. Selgelid, Angela R. McLean, Nimalan Arinaminpathy & Julian Savulescu - 2009 - Journal of Bioethical Inquiry 6 (2):149-152.
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  35.  38
    A relational approach to saviour siblings?Michael J. Selgelid - 2015 - Journal of Medical Ethics 41 (12):924-925.
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  36.  12
    TB Matters More.Michael J. Selgelid, Paul M. Kelly & Adrian Sleigh - 2023 - In Michael Boylan (ed.), International Public Health Policy and Ethics. Springer Verlag. pp. 251-265.
    Tuberculosis (TB) is theTuberculosis (TB) second leading infectious cause of mortality worldwide and arguably the most important neglected topic in bioethics. This chapter: (1) explains the ethical importance of TB, (2) documents its neglect in bioethics discourse, (3) maps the terrain of ethical issues associated with TBTuberculosis (TB), and (4) advocates a moderate pluralistic approach to ethical issues associated with TB.
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  37. Dual‐Use Research.Michael J. Selgelid - 2013 - In Hugh LaFollette (ed.), The International Encyclopedia of Ethics. Hoboken, NJ: Blackwell.
     
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  38.  17
    Infectious Disease.Michael J. Selgelid - 1998 - In Helga Kuhse & Peter Singer (eds.), A Companion to Bioethics. Malden, Mass., USA: Wiley-Blackwell. pp. 430–440.
    This chapter contains sections titled: The Ethical Importance of Infectious Disease The Global Infectious Disease Status Quo: AIDS and TB Drug Resistance Limiting Liberty in Contexts of Contagion Improving Global Health References Further reading.
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  39. ¿ El aborto para la prevención de las imperfecciones humanas? Aborto eugenésico, incertidumbres Morales Y consecuencias sociales.Michael J. Selgelid - 2004 - Daimon: Revista Internacional de Filosofía 31:115-130.
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  40.  39
    Commentary: The Ethics of Dangerous Discovery.Michael J. Selgelid - 2006 - Cambridge Quarterly of Healthcare Ethics 15 (4):444-447.
    The American Medical Association's Council on Ethical and Judicial Affairs' new “Guidelines to Prevent the Malevolent Use of Biomedical Research” are both timely and appropriate. These guidelines are a product of the increasing realization of the “dual use” potential of life science discoveries. Although biomedical research usually aims at the development of new medicines, vaccines, diagnostics, and so on, the very same discoveries that could benefit humankind in these ways also often have implications for the development of biological weapons. The (...)
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  41.  17
    On the dual uses of science and ethics: principles, practices, and prospects.Brian Rappert & Michael J. Selgelid (eds.) - 2013 - Acton, A.C.T.: ANU E Press.
    Claims about the transformations enabled by modern science and medicine have been accompanied by an unsettling question in recent years: might the knowledge being produced undermine--rather than further--human and animal well being? On the Dual Uses of Science and Ethics examines the potential for the skills, know-how, information, and techniques associated with modern biology to serve contrasting ends. In recognition of the moral ambiguity of science and technology, each chapter considers steps that might be undertaken to prevent the deliberate spread (...)
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  42.  6
    At the Centre.Michael J. Selgelid - 2013 - Monash Bioethics Review 31 (2):31-36.
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  43.  43
    Biodefense and dual-use research: the optimisation problem and the value of security.Michael J. Selgelid - 2013 - Journal of Medical Ethics 39 (4):205-206.
    Central to the argument of ‘Biodefense and the Production of Knowledge: Rethinking the Problem’ are claims that the vast majority of ethical debate about biodefense research to date has focused on the dual use problem, and the focus of ethical discussion of dual-use research has been on the need to strike ‘a proper balance of only two dominant values: biosecurity and “open science”’ —the idea being that ‘under current conditions other values can and ought to be ignored because the stakes (...)
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  44.  48
    Capabilities and Incapabilities of the Capabilities Approach to Health Justice.Michael J. Selgelid - 2015 - Bioethics 30 (1):25-33.
    This first part of this article critiques Sridhar Venkatapuram's conception of health as a capability. It argues that Venkatapuram relies on the problematic concept of dignity, implies that those who are unhealthy lack lives worthy of dignity, sets a low bar for health, appeals to metaphysically problematic thresholds, fails to draw clear connections between appealed-to capabilities and health, and downplays the importance/relevance of health functioning. It concludes by questioning whether justice entitlements should pertain to the capability for health versus health (...)
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  45.  20
    Conflicting clinical duties.Michael J. Selgelid - 2015 - Journal of Medical Ethics 41 (3):213-214.
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  46.  33
    Democratic Defense Spending in an Age of Bioterrorism.Michael J. Selgelid - 2005 - American Journal of Bioethics 5 (4):49-50.
  47.  37
    Ethical and Empirical Issues Concerning Conditional Treatment of Lead Poisoning from Gold Mining in Nigeria.Michael J. Selgelid - 2014 - Public Health Ethics 7 (3):306-307.
    Whether or not MSF should provide unconditional treatment for lead poisoning in Nigeria partly depends on answers to empirical questions regarding what the overall consequences of such a practice are likely to be. Conditional provision of treatment may yield greater health benefits (especially if treatment resources are limited).
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  48.  12
    Emergency Ethics: Volume I.Michael J. Selgelid & A. M. Viens - 2012 - Routledge.
    Emergencies are extreme events which threaten to cause massive disruption to society and negatively affect the physical and psychological well-being of its members. They raise important practical and theoretical questions about how we should treat each other in times of 'crisis'. The articles selected for this volume focus on the nature and significance of emergencies, demonstrate the normative implications of emergencies and provide multi-disciplinary perspectives on the ethics of emergency response.
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  49.  30
    From the guest editors.Michael J. Selgelid - 2004 - Developing World Bioethics 4 (1):iii–vi.
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  50.  25
    From the guest editors.Michael J. Selgelid & Margaret P. Battin - 2005 - Bioethics 19 (4):iii–vii.
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