This anthology includes twelve essays, the editor's introduction, and a bibliography. Two new or nearly new things here: Warnock's translation of an Austin essay originally written in French, plus a discussion of it by American, English and French philosophers, and Linsky's "Reference and Referents," one part short of being previously unpublished. Also included: a second article by Austin, two essays by Ryle, and articles by Rhees, Strawson, Urmson, Cartwright, Hall, Searle, and Toulmin and Baier. In his introduction, the editor misses (...) his chance to sketch relations among the essays or to put the problems discussed in some type of perspective.--N. S. C. (shrink)

A collection of 19 essays by 16 philosophers critical of the merits of linguistic analysis. Everything has appeared previously. The editor's hope is to provide samples of criticism which might "create a somewhat less one-sided impression of the course of recent philosophy than prevails in many quarters at present." The essays settle, roughly, around two themes: the worth of appeals to ordinary language, and consequences for problems in the philosophy of mind. Contributors include Broad, Blanshard, Quine, Kneale, Black, Campbell, Findlay, (...) Hampshire, Ayer.--N. S. C. (shrink)

The editor of this anthology discusses the distinction between normative ethics and meta-ethics, and provides lucid organizational prefaces to each of the five chapters. The first four are arranged on a "thesis-reply" model. For example, essays by Ayer and Stevenson present an 'emotive-imperative' account of moral judgments, while essays by Blanshard and Baier afford critical replies. There are similarly arranged treatments of objectivism, subjectivism and instrumentalism. The final chapter is given over to "new directions" in meta-ethical theory, and contains readings (...) on the use of moral words and the logic of moral reasoning.--N. S. C. (shrink)

An impressive array of succinct expositions of a large variety of British and American epistemological theories. Bergson and the Vienna Circle are also treated in detail. Idealism, Realism, and Pragmatism are discussed as well as constructionist, intuitional, and organismic theories.--R. C. N.

This book contains detailed Colet scholarship, translations of marginalia in Colet's copy of Ficino's Epistolae and correspondence between the two men, an essay on their intellectual and biographical relations, and supporting appendices. The author describes Colet's career, suggests an ordering of his works, and argues that Colet neither met Ficino nor agreed with his theology.—N. S. C.

A welcome reader in recent literature on the methodology and commitments of social science, including 21 sizable essays from the works of Simmel, Winch, Nagel, Hempel, Weber, Ayer, Merleau-Ponty and others. The editor provides an impressive introduction, brief prefaces to the five sections, an index, notes on the contributors, and an extensive bibliography. What makes this volume exciting is its dialectical make-up: it is conceived as an argument, the selections being arranged to form a sustained debate on a number of (...) issues clustered around the idea of a social science. Some of the issues involved: is social science a science?, the nature of theory construction, the merits of Verstehen as method, the place of value theory in social science, and the bearings of theory on practice.--N. S. C. (shrink)

A large collection of materials, subtitled "An Introduction to Philosophy," and divided into the three parts suggested by the title. "Philosophy," "Religion," and "Science" are treated by the editor as attitudes or ways of thinking. There are biographical sketches before each selection, and questions for discussion and bibliographies after. The editor also includes an introduction, a glossary, an index, and a concluding chapter entitled "Towards a Philosophy of Life."--N. S. C.

The Lindley Lecture, in which Brandt argues against the view that the proper business of moral philosophy is chiefly the descriptive analysis of everyday uses of ethical terms.—N. S. C.

A source book offered chiefly as a text for courses in the philosophy of science, containing 27 specimen explanations by historical and contemporary figures grouped under five headings: Pre- and early-scientific explanations ; Physics ; Biology ; Motivation, Behavior and Personality ; and Sociology and History. The editor provides brief introductions for each section and a bibliography. The collection, strange to say, includes no philosophical studies of the nature of explanation.--N. S. C.

A discussion of the development of the idea of history in Western thought, some current views of the nature of history and the condition of contemporary American academic history. The author rejects such views as that history is a science and that historical interpretation improves with greater distance in time from past events, and criticizes excessive specialization in the structure of graduate education in history and the prevailing canons of historical writing. He writes that today we have "better training, more (...) resources, more monographs, more historians, and, generally speaking, worse history."—N. S. C. (shrink)

Social philosophy with heady aims. The author sets out to "reconstruct the ontology of natural society," i.e., to develop a scheme that copes with all aspects of man qua social being. The chief influences are perhaps Whitehead and Aristotle. The upshot seems largely a program, leaning on a "functional" view of the mind, and a principle of evolution.—N. S. C.

The results of the Oberlin Colloquium of 1962, featuring papers by Warnock on Austin's correspondence theory of truth, Prior on some epistemic puzzles, symposia papers by Searle on speech-act theories of meaning, Garver on Wittgenstein's use of criteria, and Castañeda on the private language argument. Commentators on the latter include Vendler, Benacerraf, Ginet, Siegler, Ziff, Chappell and J. F. Thomson.—N. S. C.

A useful report on the health and prospects of sixteen disciplines, ranging from such traditional sciences as anthropology and political science to such recent ones as cybernetics and game theory. Each field is examined as to its proper content, methods, current results, present controversies and terminological difficulties. The authors offer assessment and a limited bibliography for each, as well as a guide to more general literature on behavioral science. It is suggested that inadequate understanding of modern scientific methods and confusion (...) over terms prevail, but that hope lies in the direction of interdisciplinary effort.—N. S. C. (shrink)

That mankind's evolution is through genetics and cultural acquisition together, but not through either alone, is the thesis of these interesting Silliman lectures. Dobzhansky examines evolutionary theories from Darwinism to Social Darwinism to show the extent to which genetic inheritance requires certain environmental conditions, and vice versa, for mankind to evolve as it has. He also traces the origin of culture relative to man's genetic make-up, and considers the future impact of civilization, e.g., population expansion, the control of disease instead (...) of the genetic death of those susceptible, etc. The book is well documented and offers an excellent assessment of scientific findings; on the philosophic side, Dobzhansky approves as "a ray of hope," though "patently undemonstrable by scientifically established facts," Teilhard de Chardin's thesis that evolution is going toward "a harmonized collectivity of consciousnesses, equivalent to a kind of superconsciousness."--R. C. N. (shrink)

A well-documented defense of the thesis that St. Augustine held the city of man, especially Rome, to contain many relative goods, however evil it was from the absolute standpoint of goodness consisting in the worship of the true God. O'Meara discusses in some detail many contemporary critics, e.g., Ernest Barker, who oppose this interpretation, and argues on the basis of historical circumstance and Augustine's own declarations in works other than the City of God.--R. C. N.

Chiefly a treatment of two problems in the philosophy of history: the nature of historical understanding, and its bearing upon political life, science and philosophy. As regards the first, the author proposes an account of what it is to follow an "evidenced narrative." The burden of discussion of the second is to argue for positive uses of historical understanding, including its capacities for moral guidance, and its use for appreciating how philosophical problems may be clarified.—N. S. C.

Papers and discussions on the title theme in either English or French from a meeting of the International Institute of Philosophy held at Oxford. There are papers by Ryle, Findlay, Calogero, Ayer, Ingarden, Zaragüeta, Perelman and Passmore, plus a "rapport de synthèse" by Devaux, and the meeting's opening and closing remarks by the President, Kotarbinski. The discussions following the papers are sometimes lively, though at other times they reflect not only philosophical dissension but a lack of communication.--N. S. C.

A detailed and profound discussion of the metaphysics of nature and morality as interpreted by Spinoza's philosophy. Especially interesting are the treatments of nature's status as created and as emanated, which are intended to save Spinoza from traditional criticisms. Although Hallett sometimes allows his defense of Spinoza to take precedence over his direct treatment of nature and morality, he clearly thinks Spinoza is generally right. Distinguished by its sober and courageous attack on unpopular issues.--R. C. N.

The proceedings of an international colloquium held at Helsinki in 1962, containing twenty papers likely to further debate in the title areas. Contributors include Anderson, Geach, Hintikka, Lemmon, Marcus, Montague, Prior, Rescher and others.—N. S. C.

Chiefly a treatment of two problems in the philosophy of history: the nature of historical understanding, and its bearing upon political life, science and philosophy. As regards the first, the author proposes an account of what it is to follow an "evidenced narrative." The burden of discussion of the second is to argue for positive uses of historical understanding, including its capacities for moral guidance, and its use for appreciating how philosophical problems may be clarified.—N. S. C.

Snow's well-known lecture on the lack of communication among intellectual camps, and its consequences, plus a second look at the lecture after four years and much comment. The second look offers not second thoughts so much as remarks on criticisms, modernist literature, and a possible third culture made up of social historians.--N. S. C.

It is a wel known fact that the finite products of Hintikka-Fraissé types for sentences of quantifier rank n give rise to the set of atoms of a finite boolean algebra. In this paper we consider the class of (Lww)t-types introduced in [4], which caracterizes in a pure topological way the (Lww)t-equivalence for T3 spaces. We define for every nonempty family I of n-types a product xInai in such a way that if I is a family of T3 spaces, XIAi (...) denotes its product with the box topology and (ai)1ε XIAi we have that if the n-type of ai is ai (i ε I), then the n-type of (ai)I is xInai. We then prove that, for every n ≥ 1, it is possible to define a lineal order nI of satisfiable n-types and every J c I, we have xJαj ≤nxlnαi. We also prove that these results for Ziegler’s typescan be generalized, if we consider the class of (Lω1ω)t-types introduced in [6], which permits to characterize the (Lω1ω)t-equivalence for a wide class of T3 spaces. (shrink)

Danto inicia su filosofía de la historia del arte con un núcleo problemático que inaugura el modernismo: una obra de arte llega a ser indiscernible de una mera cosa, en la medida en que es el resultado lógico de la narrativa de un cierto periodo. Hablar sobre el fin del arte es hablar de las razones que sustentan esa narración y de la posibilidad de su culminación. Se propone una crítica, a partir de la relación entre esencialismo, historicismo y pluralismo, (...) para examinar su controversial tesis sobre la clausura histórica del arte por agotamiento de su impulso cognitivo. Danto begins his philosophy of the history of art with the problematic issue that characterizes modernism: a work of art becomes indiscernible from a mere thing insofar as it is the logical result of the narrative of a certain period. To speak of the end of art is to speak of the reasons that support such narrative and the possibility of its culmination. The article proposes a critique on the basis of the relation among essentialism, historicism, and pluralism, in order to examine Danto's controversial thesis regarding the historical end of art due to the exhaustion of its cognitive impulse. (shrink)

For each natural number n, let C (n) be the closed and unbounded proper class of ordinals α such that V α is a Σ n elementary substructure of V. We say that κ is a C (n) -cardinal if it is the critical point of an elementary embedding j : V → M, M transitive, with j(κ) in C (n). By analyzing the notion of C (n)-cardinal at various levels of the usual hierarchy of large cardinal principles we show (...) that, starting at the level of superstrong cardinals and up to the level of rank-into-rank embeddings, C (n)-cardinals form a much finer hierarchy. The naturalness of the notion of C (n)-cardinal is exemplified by showing that the existence of C (n)-extendible cardinals is equivalent to simple reflection principles for classes of structures, which generalize the notions of supercompact and extendible cardinals. Moreover, building on results of Bagaria et al. (2010), we give new characterizations of Vopeňka’s Principle in terms of C (n)-extendible cardinals. (shrink)

The C (n)-cardinals were introduced recently by Bagaria and are strong forms of the usual large cardinals. For a wide range of large cardinal notions, Bagaria has shown that the consistency of the corresponding C (n)-versions follows from the existence of rank-into-rank elementary embeddings. In this article, we further study the C (n)-hierarchies of tall, strong, superstrong, supercompact, and extendible cardinals, giving some improved consistency bounds while, at the same time, addressing questions which had been left open. In addition, we (...) consider two cases which were not dealt with by Bagaria; namely, C (n)-Woodin and C (n)-strongly compact cardinals, for which we provide characterizations in terms of their ordinary counterparts. Finally, we give a brief account on the interaction of C (n)-cardinals with the forcing machinery. (shrink)

We review the equivalence of the two-flavor Skyrme-Witten model and the two-flavor large-N c quark model. The claimed equivalence for three flavorsbetween these two models is shown to be incorrectly given in the literature, and the properly equivalent extended three-flavor large-N c quark model is constructed and discussed.

In this paper we study structural properties of n-c. e. Q-degrees. Two theorems contain results on the distribution of incomparable Q-degrees. In another theorem we prove that every incomplete Q-degree forms a minimal pair in the c. e. degrees with a Q-degree. In a further theorem it is proved that there exists a c. e. Q-degree that is not half of a minimal pair in the c. e. Q-degrees.

Nach dem ersten Band dieser Sammlung , von S. N. C. Lieu und M. H. Dodgeon zusammengestellt, hat der vorliegende Band Informationen zu den Beziehungen zwischen Rom/ Byzanz und den persischen Sasaniden bis unmittelbar vor der arabischen Eroberung Irans zum Gegenstand. Zusammen mit der etwas anders konzipierten Arbeit von E. Winter und B. Dignas verfügen wir nun über drei griffige Hilfsmittel für den Anfängerunterricht, die es uns ermöglichen, die Studenten schnell in die persisch-römisch/byzantinischen Beziehungen zwischen dem 3. und dem frühen (...) 7. Jh. auf der Grundlage einer breiten Quellenübersicht einzuführen. Dafür gebührt den Autoren Anerkennung. Ihre Arbeit wird sicher dazu beitragen, auch nicht direkt mit dem Thema Beschäftigte ein etwas qualifiziertes Verständnis der „Weltpolitik“ zwischen dem 3.und dem 7. Jh. zu ermöglichen. Alle drei Werke sind Lehrbücher, textbooks, jedoch keine wissenschaftlichen Arbeiten im eigentlichen Sinne. (shrink)

Bu makale, yazarın 'Religious Education: An Interpretive Approach' adlı eserinde de olduğu gibi öncelikle temsil, yorumlama ve düşünümsellik anahtar kavramlarını tartışarak yorumlayıcı din eğitimi yaklaşımını tanıtma amacını gütmektedir. Makale, bu fikirlerin deneysel bir program geliştirme projesi olan Warwich Din Eğitimi Projesine nasıl uygulandığını göstererek devam etmektedir. Nihayet Warwich Din Eğitimi Projesinin tamamlayıcısı olarak görülen yorumlayıcı yaklaşımın dört değişkeninin üzerinde durulmaktadır. İkisi İngiltere'deki Warwich Din ve Eğitim Araştırmaları Biriminde yapılan çalışmayla bağlantılıdır. Diğerleri ise Güney Afrika ve İsveç'teki din eğitimcilerinden alınmıştır.

This addendum to [2] shows that the set of tautological quantum logical propositional formulas for a finite dimensional vector space Cⁿ is different for every n, affirmatively answering a question posed therein.

Spade 1988 sugges t s tha t t he r e are ac tua l l y two theo r i e s t o address t h i s ques t i o n t o , an ear l y one and a l a t e r one . 2 Most o f the presen t pape r i s a deve l o pmen t o f t h i s i dea . I sugges t (...) tha t ear l y work by Sherwood and o the r s was a s tudy o f quan t i f i e r s : the i r semant i c s and t he e f f e c t s o f con t e x t on i n f e r e n ce s t ha t can be made f r om quan t i f i e d te rms . La te r , i n the hands o f Bur l e y and o the r s , i t changed i n t o a s tudy o f someth i n g e l se , a s tudy o f what I ca l l g loba l quan t i f i c a t i o n a l e f f e c t . In sec t i o n 1 , I exp l a i n what these two op t i o n s are. (shrink)

Professor N. G. L. Hammond has of late published some of his thoughts on the activities of Philip II in 347 and 346 B.C. In addition he has treated aspects of Philip's earlier involvement in Thessalian, Thracian, and Phokian affairs. In the process he has in many instances disagreed with a number of current findings. Among those challenged are some of mine. Healthy scholarly debate is always desirable, and in this f spirit I should welcome an opportunity to contest Professor (...) Hammond's views on several points, the most important being the basic factor of methodology and the interpretation of various factual details. (shrink)