The importance of non-codifying DNA polymorphism for the administration of justice is now well known. In Spain, however, this type of test has given rise to questions in recent years: Should consent be obtained before biological samples are taken from an individual for DNA analysis? Does society perceive these techniques and methods of analysis as being reliable? There appears to be lack of knowledge concerning the basic norms that regulate databases containing private or personal information and the protection that information (...) of this type must be given. This opinion survey and the subsequent analysis of the results in ethical terms may serve to reveal the criteria and the degree of information that society has with regard to DNA databases. In the study, 73.20% of the population surveyed was in favour of specific legislation for computer files in which DNA analysis results for forensic purposes are stored. (shrink)

Quillard tem sido um artista frequentemente esquecido pela nossa historiografia, apesar de Portugal ter exercido uma importância considerável no desenvolvimento da sua carreira. Depois de um período de estreita aproximação ao estilo de Watteau, será aqui que o artista parisiense dará início a um novo estilo, mais maduro, e a novas temáticas na sua obra, tanto na Pintura como na Gravura, mormente no desenvolvimento da arte do Retrato, na temática religiosa, histórica e alegórica, mais de acordo com o gosto e (...) o mercado nacional. As referências da época dão-nos testemunho do grande apreço e estima que gozou entre colegas e clientes, e o rol das colecções onde a sua obra se encontrava figurada, é por si bastante representativa do agrado e da popularidade que ela tinha adquirido, sobretudo entre a alta aristocracia, apesar da estética oficial joanina considerar como inferior aquele género temático. Um dos aspectos mais significativos da sua obra foi precisamente o seu trabalho como gravador, e ilustrador de obras, actividade que desenvolveu em larga medida, apesar da concorrência dos gravadores da Real Academia de História, fundada por D. João V em 1720. (shrink)

Uma das formas de aplicação de penas na Roma Antiga passava pela encenação na arena de narrativas mitológicas, cujos protagonistas – como Ícaro, Dirce, Pasífae, Átis e Hércules – não tinham um final feliz. Essas personagens eram interpretadas por condenados, que desse modo reviviam em tempo real as histórias fatais que por certo proporcionavam espectáculos e experiências marcantes na sociedade romana antiga. Este estudo analisa as fontes que dão conta deste fenómeno sociocultural e propõe uma leitura histórico-sociológica para a (...) compreensão desta vivência colectiva da justiça na Antiguidade Clássica. (shrink)

Decisions of regulatory government bodies and courts affect many aspects of citizens’ lives. These organizations and courts are expected to provide timely and coherent decisions, although they struggle to keep up with the increasing demand. The ability of machine learning (ML) models to predict such decisions based on past cases under similar circumstances was assessed in some recent works. The dominant conclusion is that the prediction goal is achievable with high accuracy. Nevertheless, most of those works do not consider important (...) aspects for ML models that can impact performance and affect real-world usefulness, such as consistency, out-of-sample applicability, generality, and explainability preservation. To our knowledge, none considered all those aspects, and no previous study addressed the joint use of metadata and text-extracted variables to predict administrative decisions. We propose a predictive model that addresses the abovementioned concerns based on a two-stage cascade classifier. The model employs a first-stage prediction based on textual features extracted from the original documents and a second-stage classifier that includes proceedings’ metadata. The study was conducted using time-based cross-validation, built on data available before the predicted judgment. It provides predictions as soon as the decision date is scheduled and only considers the first document in each proceeding, along with the metadata recorded when the infringement is first registered. Finally, the proposed model provides local explainability by preserving visibility on the textual features and employing the SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP). Our findings suggest that this cascade approach surpasses the standalone stages and achieves relatively high Precision and Recall when both text and metadata are available while preserving real-world usefulness. With a weighted F1 score of 0.900, the results outperform the text-only baseline by 1.24% and the metadata-only baseline by 5.63%, with better discriminative properties evaluated by the receiver operating characteristic and precision-recall curves. (shrink)

O presente artigo aborda as concessões feitas por Husserl no texto de Prolegômenos, na segunda edição de Investigações Lógicas. O artigo mostra que a concessão mais difícil estaria exatamente na manutenção da ideia de “verdade em si”. Por um lado, Husserl afirma que a “verdade em si” não poderia depender da constituição da natureza humana, pois tal dependência abalaria o próprio sentido da ideia de “verdade”. Por outro lado, não deixaria de reconhecer a insuficiência da ideia de “verdade em si”, (...) na medida em que tal ideia encobriria o importante problema da relação entre o real e o ideal. (shrink)

This work presents a novel approach to forecast streaming big time series based on nearest similar patterns. This approach combines a clustering algorithm with a classifier and the nearest neighbours algorithm. It presents two separate stages: offline and online. The offline phase is for training and finding the best models for clustering, classification and the nearest neighbours algorithm. The online phase is to predict big time series in real time. In the offline phase, data are divided into clusters and (...) a forecasting model based on the nearest neighbours is trained for each cluster. In addition, a classifier is trained using the cluster assignments previously generated by the clustering algorithm. In the online phase, the classifier predicts the cluster label of an instance, and the proper nearest neighbours model according to the predicted cluster label is applied to obtain the final prediction using the similar patterns. The algorithm is able to be updated incrementally for online learning from data streams. Results are reported using electricity consumption with a granularity of |$10$| minutes for 4-hour-ahead forecasting and compared with well-known online benchmark learners, showing a remarkable improvement in prediction accuracy. (shrink)

Arts, Real-Time Video and Interactivity for Sustainability is an ongoing collaborative research project investigating how real-time video, DIY surveillance technologies and sensor data can be used as a tool for environmental awareness, activism and artistic explorations. The project consists of a series of digital contexts for aesthetic contemplation of nature and civic engagement, aiming to foster awareness and empowerment of local populations through DIY surveillance. At the core of the ARTIVIS efforts are a series of interactive installations, that (...) make use of surveillance technologies and real-time video as raw material to promote environmental awareness through the emotion generated by real-time connections with nature. Throughout the project development, the surveillance concept has been shifting from the use of surveillance technology in a centralized platform, to the idea of veillance with distributed peer-to-peer networks that can be used for science and environmental monitoring. In this paper we present the history of the ARTiVIS project, related and inspiring work, describe ongoing research work and explore the present and future challenges of appropriating surveillance technology for artistic, educational and civic engagement purposes. (shrink)

Present research proposes the application of unsupervised and supervised machine-learning techniques to characterize Android malware families. More precisely, a novel unsupervised neural-projection method for dimensionality-reduction, namely, Beta Hebbian Learning, is applied to visually analyze such malware. Additionally, well-known supervised Decision Trees are also applied for the first time in order to improve characterization of such families and compare the original features that are identified as the most important ones. The proposed techniques are validated when facing real-life Android malware data (...) by means of the well-known and publicly available Malgenome dataset. Obtained results support the proposed approach, confirming the validity of BHL and DTs to gain deep knowledge on Android malware. (shrink)

Entre Dezembro de 1755 e Fevereiro de 1796, a aspiração de erguer em Lisboa uma biblioteca pública tem várias expressões, e o Alvará de Fevereiro de 1796 que cria a Real Biblioteca Pública da Corte representa, em certa medida, o culminar desse processo. António Ribeiro dos Santos, como responsável pela biblioteca, mostra como se entendia o que devia ser uma Biblioteca da Corte, os seus objectivos, os seus princípios de organização, o cuidado colocado na sua actualização, confirmando (...) a centralidade política de uma instituição onde se materializa a relação entre o poder e o saber, e onde se define como prioridade a abertura das colecções à leitura pública. Neste processo convergem conceitos e políticas distintas, relativamente às noções de biblioteca pública e de Biblioteca Real, e percebe-se a importância política atribuída a uma biblioteca pública da Corte como elemento central das atribuições do Estado. (shrink)

A constituição de um esquema organizativo que permita, ao mesmo tempo, respeitar a hierarquia teórica de saberes e a arrumação prática dos livros que os contêm tem sido, ao longo de séculos, uma das questões mais importantes da história das bibliotecas. Por um lado, a teoria classificativa sobretudo a partir do século XVIII, apresenta estruturas elaboradas para as grandes classes do Saber em que sobressai o princípio da hierarquia que ordena as diferentes áreas do conhecimento, da mais geral para a (...) mais particular. Por outro lado, o espaço disponível para a arrumação dos livros condiciona a correta ordenação ora porque é limitado e não permite o crescimento da coleção, ora porque o número de obras em cada classe ou subclasse é variável, ora porque os formatos dos livros nem sempre se ajustam entre si, obrigando a soluções de arrumação que alteram o natural encontro entre a matéria e o livro que se procura. Ao ser chamado a desempenhar as funções de bibliotecário mor da Real Biblioteca Pública da Corte (RBPC), António Ribeiro dos Santos estava absolutamente ciente destas grandes questões. Conhecia os sistemas classificativos que se divulgaram pela Europa, sobretudo através das múltiplas edições de manuais destinados à boa formação de uma biblioteca. Conhecia os esquemas das grandes bibliotecas “enciclopédicas” em que o colecionador, individual ou coletivo, procurava criar e ampliar uma coleção tão completa quanto possível dos mais importantes testemunhos escritos (e não só…) ao longo dos tempos e tinha, para além de sólida formação intelectual, também a experiência de bibliófilo e de bibliotecário da Universidade de Coimbra. Tendo em conta que a RBPC contava com um acervo apreciável de livros, ou seja, não foi constituída de raiz, a missão de António Ribeiro dos Santos no que à arrumação dos saberes diz respeito, consistiu na criação de um corpus bibliográfico, o mais coeso possível, distribuído metodicamente pelo conjunto das salas de que dispunha nas instalações do Terreiro do Paço. A aquisição de novas espécies e a receção de doações acompanhou a arrumação das obras já existentes e exigiu a elaboração de um esquema teórico e prático onde sobressai uma visão estratégica para o acervo da RBPC que a colocava, abertamente, entre os mais modernos estabelecimentos literários da época. O objetivo deste artigo consiste em apresentar a proposta de Ribeiro dos Santos para classificar e arrumar os saberes da Biblioteca, contextualizando-a nos modelos que então se utilizavam na Europa, mas acompanhando nas matérias expostas, a perceção da orientação “enciclopédica” que pretendia para a grande biblioteca pública que, então, nascia. (shrink)

As it is well known, mobile phones have become a basic gadget for any individual that usually stores sensitive information. This mainly motivates the increase in the number of attacks aimed at jeopardizing smartphones, being an extreme concern above all on Android OS, which is the most popular platform in the market. Consequently, a strong effort has been devoted for mitigating mentioned incidents in recent years, even though few researchers have addressed the application of visualization techniques for the analysis of (...) malware. Within this field, the present work proposes the extension of a new technique called Hybrid Unsupervised Exploratory Plots to visualize Android malware datasets. More precisely, the novel Beta-Hebbian Learning (BHL) method is applied for the first time and validated under the frame of Hybrid Unsupervised Exploratory Plots, in conjunction with clustering methods. The informative visualization achieved provides a picture of the structure of the malware families, allowing subsequent analysis of their organization. To validate the Hybrid Unsupervised Exploratory Plot extension and its tuning, the popular Android Malware Genome dataset has been used in the experimental setting. Promising results have been obtained, suggesting that BHL applied in combination with clustering techniques in Hybrid Unsupervised Exploratory Plots are a viable resource for the visualization of malware families. (shrink)

The notion of fitness is usually equated to reproductive success. However, this actualist approach presents some difficulties, mainly the explanatory circularity problem, which have lead philosophers of biology to offer alternative definitions in which fitness and reproductive success are distinguished. In this paper, we argue that none of these alternatives is satisfactory and, inspired by Mumford and Anjum’s dispositional theory of causation, we offer a definition of fitness as a causal dispositional property. We argue that, under this framework, the distinctiveness (...) that biologists usually attribute to fitness—namely, the fact that fitness is something different from both the physical traits of an organism and the number of offspring it leaves—can be explained, and the main problems associated with the concept of fitness can be solved. Firstly, we introduce Mumford and Anjum's dispositional theory of causation and present our definition of fitness as a causal disposition. We explain in detail each of the elements involved in our definition, namely: the relationship between fitness and the functional dispositions that compose it, the emergent character of fitness, and the context-sensitivity of fitness. Finally, we explain how fitness and realized fitness, as well as expected and realized fitness are distinguished in our approach to fitness as a causal disposition. (shrink)

In this book, leading philosophers in the field explore the rich and variable tangles that characterise Wittgensteins Nachlass, as well as their relations to his conception of philosophy"--Provided by publisher.

Boffa non-well-founded set theory allows for several distinct sets equal to their respective singletons, the so-called ‘Quine atoms’. Rieger contends that this theory cannot be a faithful description of set-theoretic reality. He argues that, even after granting that there are non-well-founded sets, ‘the extensional nature of sets’ precludes numerically distinct Quine atoms. In this paper we uncover important similarities between Rieger’s argument and how non-rigid structures are conceived within mathematical structuralism. This opens the way for an objection against Rieger, whilst (...) affording the theoretical resources for a defence of Boffa set theory as a faithful description of set-theoretic reality. (shrink)

Este artículo indaga acerca de la noción de “trasfondo” (background) en la filosofía de Charles Taylor y busca complementarla con las reflexiones de Hubert Dreyfus. Esta noción busca contrarrestar el representacionismo cognitivo, que tuvo un tremendo impulso con Descartes y que fue perpetuado por la epistemología moderna. El representacionismo, para Taylor, nos abre a antropologías basadas en ontologías de la desvinculación (dualismo y monismo mecanicista) y esta impronta influye decididamente en la filosofía moderna y contemporánea pese a corrientes filosóficas que (...) afirman superarlo. Para Dreyfus, la noción de “trasfondo” se vincula con nuestras prácticas sociales y el polémico Uno heideggeriano (das Man) es su lugar privilegiado de trasmisión; es también aquello que derrumbaría definitivamente el legado representacionista cartesiano. (shrink)

A cidade nas práticas artísticas [The city in artistic practices] is the result of the work developed, of the presentations and the debates held within the cycle of seminars “The experience of the city between art and philosophy”, held between 3 March 2020 and 16 June 2021 (calendar dramatically compromised by the challenges of the COVID 19 pandemic), one of the main activities of the OBRA project — Fragmentation and Reconfiguration: experiencing the city between art and philosophy, based at IFILNOVA (...) — Philosophy Institute of NOVA, in Lisbon. The book is divided into five parts, relating to each of the artistic disciplines to which the seminars were dedicated – cinema, photography, sound arts, literature and architecture —, which are edited by the organizers responsible for each of them — respectively, Susana Viegas, Humberto Brito, Nuno Fonseca João Oliveira Duarte and Susana Ventura — and composed of the respective narrated accounts of each seminar and of short essays, some merely textual, others graphical or even photographic, which are either in-depth versions of the reflections and positions that were presented and debated by the participants and guests, or works that motivated and inspired the work of the seminars. The seminar cycle and the book now presented here intend to reflect on the role of artistic practices in the representation and reconfiguration of urban experience, trying to understand their different attempts to apprehend and express the fragmentation of aesthetic experience in modern and contemporary cities, as well as to evaluate their contribution to an eventual symbolic and imaginative reconfiguration of that experience. Each section tries, in its own way, to answer questions such as: How do these arts think and reinvent the city? What do they make us feel? And what is their social and political role? For reasons that are easy to understand, Lisbon was the starting point, but other cities were also part of the journey. (shrink)

In the field of cybernetic systems and more specifically in robotics, one of the fundamental objectives is the detection of anomalies in order to minimize loss of time. Following this idea, this paper proposes the implementation of a Hybrid Intelligent System in four steps to impute the missing values, by combining clustering and regression techniques, followed by balancing and classification tasks. This system applies regression models to each one of the clusters built on the instances of data set. Subsequently, a (...) variety of balancing techniques are applied to improve the classifier’s ability to discern whether it is in an error or a normal state. These techniques support to obtain better classification ratios in which a robot is close to error and allow us to bring the behavior back to a normal state. The experimentation is performed using a modern and public data set, which has been extracted from a component-based robotic system, in which different anomalies are induced by software in their components. (shrink)

This article provides a critical reexamination of Blaise Pascal’s fragment on the “eternal silence of infinite spaces”, challenging the conventional objections, notably those by Paul Valéry. It presents an analytical journey through the philosophical and existential dimensions of Pascal’s text, exploring the unique interplay between human solitude and cosmic silence. The discussion navigates the intricate relationship between individual perception and the overarching sense of existential dread evoked by the universe’s vastness. This exploration is enriched by contrasting Pascal’s insights with broader (...) philosophical contexts, including references to Kierkegaard and the concept of the ‘music of the spheres’. Ultimately, the paper offers a nuanced interpretation of Pascal’s work, emphasizing its enduring relevance in understanding the human condition within the unfathomable expanse of the universe. (shrink)

While the notion of chance has been central in discussions over the probabilistic nature of natural selection and genetic drift, its role in the production of variants on which populational sampling takes place has received much less philosophical attention. This article discusses the concept of chance in evolution in the light of contemporary work in evo-devo. We distinguish different levels at which randomness and chance can be defined in this context, and argue that recent research on variability and evolvability demands (...) a causal understanding of variational probabilities under which development acquires a creative, rather than a constraining role in evolution. We then provide a propensity interpretation of variational probabilities that solves a conceptual confusion between causal properties, variational probabilities and extant variation present in the literature, and explore some metaphysical consequences that follow from our interpretation, specifically with regards to the nature of developmental types. 2.1Mutational randomness 2.2Morphological randomness 2.3Adaptive randomness3Variability and Phenotypic Probabilities 3.1The RNA model as a model for evo-devo4Evolvability and the Probability of Evolving5Variational Propensities in Evo-Devo 5.1Individuating variational propensities 5.2Developmental types6Conclusion. (shrink)

"Spinoza", à quoi ça sert? Et comment s'en servir? En particulier, comment penser la mise à l'épreuve du rationalisme spécifique dont il est le nom? L'objectif de ce travail est de contribuer à une réévaluation non seulement du rôle de la pratique dans la pensée de Spinoza, mais encore du système lui-même, de sa capacité à s'adapter et à communiquer avec des domaines tels que les sciences expérimentales, l'histoire, la politique ou la médecine. A travers les concepts et problèmes, tels (...) qu'ils sont formulés dans ses textes, mais également leur utilisation contemporaine, il s'agit ici d'analyser l'articulation de la philosophie de Spinoza au champ de l'action humaine, dans ses dimensions éthique, sociale, cognitive et affective - et d'apprécier la puissance de la rationalité qui en est le fondement. Les auteurs viennent d'horizons différents : professeurs, docteurs, doctorants, étudiants ou érudits originaires de divers pays, ils proposent dans les articles ici présentés des approches variées et originales des problèmes qu'ils traitent, offrant ainsi au lecteur un aperçu de la vitalité des réflexions que suscite aujourd'hui l'oeuvre de Spinoza. (shrink)

info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion.

This chapter contains sections titled: The Individual in the Period Prior to the Theory of the Will to Power The Individual and Individuality in the Theory of the Will to Power Conclusion.

The notion of aesthetic experience attempts to account for an important part of human experience and, although it embraces an immense and multifaceted variety, the complexity and vagueness of which have been an authentic challenge to its definition (to the point that some suggest its conceptual uselessness), it is still crucial and decisive for an entire philosophical discipline: aesthetics-which is not to be confused with the philosophy of art, although it often intersects with it. This chapter considers the case of (...) the city-which is not so much an object as a multifaceted and fragmented environment where aesthetic experiences can occur-in order to attempt to elucidate (or at least to make a contribution to the elucidation of) the meaning and scope of this philosophical topic. (shrink)

Il tema della violenza sembra essere la chiave per definire e interpretare la tormentata storia della Colombia. Ciò si riflette anche nell'ampia produzione scientifica sulle cause, la cronologia e i metodi con cui tale una simile violenza è stata perpetuata. Nel 2016, il governo colombiano e le Fuerzas Armadas Revolucionarias de Colombia (FARC) hanno firmato un accordo di pace dopo decenni di conflitto armato, ma la violenza e la questione della terra continuano a rappresentare una sfida per una reale implementazione (...) dell'accordo. Uno dei capitoli più drammatici della storia della violenza in Colombia è quello che riguarda lo sterminio della Unión Patriótica, il partito nato nel 1984 dopo l'accordo di pace firmato dall’allora governo di Belisario Betancur con le FARC. Dal suo debutto nell'arena politica colombiana fino agli anni duemila, ma soprattutto durante gli anni Ottanta, il partito è stato oggetto di una feroce campagna di stigmatizzazione e di un piano di sterminio che ha prodotto più di seimila vittime. Recentemente la Corte Interamericana ha emesso una sentenza in cui riconosce le responsabilità dello Stato colombiano nella trama di violenza, fisica e simbolica, contro il partito della Unión Patriótica. Il presente saggio intende ricostruire quella vicenda storica, partendo dalla ricostruzione del contesto dentro cui è maturato il piano di sterminio, un contesto di impunità e di terrore politico scatenato contro un «nemico interno» visto come qualcosa da estirpare. (shrink)

La Logique ou L'Art de Penser (LAP), also known as the Port-Royal Logic, is generally presented as a "logic of ideas" in which the idea, the central epistemological entity, is the starting point of this logic based on Cartesian ontology. Structured around the four main operations of the mind - conceiving, judging, reasoning and ordering - the first part of the LAP contains "reflections on ideas". The idea, "the form by which we represent things [objects]", thus takes the place of (...) the concept in Aristotelian-inspired logic. Some of the chapters in this first part deal with the problems raised in scholasticism by the theory of _proprietates terminorum_, which means that it is also a semantics of terms. The word 'term' itself must be understood in its logical and grammatical dimensions. The analyses of the 'Messieurs' of Port-Royal often have a logico-grammatical character, because, according to the anthropology of the authors, men need to make their thoughts heard by one another through language (institutional signs) and, therefore, "it is necessary in logic to consider ideas joined to words, and words joined to ideas". In this text, we shall endeavour to show the importance and innovative character of the semantics of terms in this logic of ideas which makes LAP a pivotal moment in the evolution of the language sciences, reviving the tradition and allowing dialogue with future developments (extension vs. comprehension, explanation, determination of terms, etc.). We will pay particular attention to the chapters on definition, "a remedy for the confusion that arises in our thoughts and speech from the confusion of words". (shrink)

Warming up prior to competition is a widely accepted strategy to increase players’ readiness and achieve high performances. However, pre-match routines are commonly based on empirical knowledge and strongly influenced by models emerging from elite team practices. The aim of the present study was to identify and analyze current pre-match warm-up practices in elite futsal. Forty-three elite players were analyzed during their pre-match warm-up routines during the Portuguese Futsal Cup Final 8. Warm-up tasks were classified according to duration, type of (...) activity, sequence, and structure. External load variables included the total distance covered, total distance covered per minute, running distance per minute, sprinting distance per minute, number of accelerations per minute, and number of decelerations per minute. Results highlighted that warm-up routines lasted for 27.5 ± 9.2 min and included nine major different tasks. Open-skill activities were prioritized by coaches; competitive and non-competitive futsal-specific tasks were included in 90% of the total warm-up routines, with higher focus on non-competitive tasks. The intensity progressively increased during warm-ups, mainly because of the higher number of accelerations and decelerations per minute. Pre-match warm-up routines strongly endorse futsal-specific and representative tasks in order to establish pre-match settings able to prepare players for the upcoming game. When designing pre-match warm-up routines, coaches should be aware that duration, sequence, and type of tasks may affect players’ acute performance and readiness. (shrink)

Filosofía de la historia, Juan Bautista Vico.--Consideraciones sobre el cristianismo.--Antecedentes para la inteligencia de la cuestión de Oriente.--Discurso acerca de las relaciones de España con otras potencias.--Discurso sobre la dictadura.--Cartas relacionadas con el discurso sobre la dictadura.--Discurso sobre la situación general de Europa.--Discurso sobre la situación de España.

According to Alexius Meinong, in order to give a philosophical explanation of the world we need to consider both existent and nonexistent objects, lest we fall into the "prejudice in favour of the real". The paper starts by examining some basic concepts of object theory seen as an existence-free science (modes of being, principle of independence of so-being from being, "Aussersein" and Meinong's paradox). There follows an exposition of Bertrand Russell's position, characterized by a "robust sense of reality", and (...) afterwards an analysis of differences and similarities between the two philosophers. The paper ends with a short account of Meinongian semantics and a comparison between object theory and metaphysics. (shrink)

Este dossiê representa a continuidade de um projecto que tem procurado debater publi­camente o património dos agentes ligados à produção e circulação do livro. Centrando-se nos espólios dos livreiros, a introdução problematizante e os depoimentos procuram dis­cutir o seu carácter invisível enquanto objecto de pesquisa, salvaguarda e divulgação. Há, então, uma reflexão que urge fazer, à semelhança do que ocorre com o património dos edi­tores (arquivos históricos e não só), no sentido de reconhecer o estatuto patrimonial e histó­rico dos acervos (...) dos livreiros e das livrarias enquanto espaços fundamentais da construção da cultura impressa e da história do livro e da edição. Mas é também urgente conferir ao debate um cunho de acção e de cooperação inter-institucional que suscitem uma sensibili­dade política e o aparecimento de possibilidades concretas de salvamento, recolha e depó­sito sistemático de um dos mais fundamentais elementos da memória colectiva escrita. Os depoimentos referidos são de Fátima Ribeiro de Medeiros e dos Livreiros da Sá da Costa. (shrink)

In this book, experts from the fields of law and philosophy explore the works of Aristotle to illuminate the much-debated and fascinating relationship between emotions and justice. Emotions matter in connection with democracy and equity – they are relevant to the judicial enforcement of rights, legal argumentation, and decision-making processes in legislative bodies and courts. The decisive role that emotions, feelings and passions play in these processes cannot be ignored – not even by those who believe that emotions have no (...) legitimate place in the public sphere. A growing body of literature on these topics recognizes the seminal insights contributed by Aristotle. This book offers a comprehensive analysis of his thinking in this context, as well as proposals for inspiring dialogues between his works and those written by a selection of modern and contemporary thinkers. As such, the book offers a valuable resource for students of law, philosophy, rhetoric, politics, ethics and history, but also for readers interested in the ongoing debate about legal positivism and the relevance of emotions for legal and political life in today’s world. (shrink)

Assuming that Aristotelian ethical thought is specifically related to the problem of stability and permanency of Polis, this paper researches the relationship between the human soul and the ethical-political order. Ethical life is described as an on-going process whereby we learn how to think and desire, due to the experience of each particular situation. Ethics shows the human life as a progressive assimilation of ethical-political order in which one becomes the man one is. But, on the other hand, it also (...) shows that any order owes itself to the character of men who take part in it. Interiorising of customs – the purpose of ethical process of personal constitution – forms the man (character is built from the communitarian experience). The virtuous man’s soul is the strongest guarantee againstruination that always threatens Polis. The affirmation of a good life as a happy life in virtue – as the permanent and stable activity according to virtue – assures political order’s stability and the permanence of the Polis. This leads to a reflection about how much Politics owes Ethics: the possibility of the most esteemed idea in Aristotelian political discourse (the permanence of Polis) depends on the ethical process of human soul’s construction. The soul belongs to the order just as the order belongs to the soul. Seen as a virtue, Justice is a certain configuration of the soul (of desiring, thinking and even of feeling) of a man. The abandonment of that incarnate old conception of Justice is strictly related to the contemporary crisis of Law, whose weaknesses in legitimacy and efficacy are evident. (shrink)

Este artigo procura ser uma incursão introdutória num dos problemas mais pre­mentes para quem se propõe estudar e conhecer os processos como a cultura impressa se engendra e como, através dos seus itinerários de circulação e apropriação, ela corresponde e correspondeu a uma das fórmulas de enunciação e circunscrição do mundo na modernidade. Esse problema surge como consequência do reconhecimento da relevância dos acervos docu­mentais e materiais de editores e livreiros para o estudo e análise do processo sócio-histórico de construção (...) da cultura impressa. Aborda-se e explora-se o difícil ecossistema social de pro­dução e sobrevivência desses acervos, num contexto nacional e internacional de actividade e de enquadramento institucional desfavorável à constituição, preservação e patrimonialização dessas fontes fundamentais para o conhecimento da cultura impressa. (shrink)

Psychodrama is an effective psychotherapeutic model but interventions with adolescents require age-tailored techniques that maximize engagement and facilitate communication processes. This study describes a novel adaptation of a therapeutic mask technique to psychodrama with adolescents. Over the course of eight group sessions of psychodrama, five adolescents created their own mask and explored its therapeutic use. Their experiences were captured at the end of each session with the Helpful Aspects of Therapy form, and at the end of the study with the (...) Clinical Change Interview. Awareness/insight/self-understanding, empowerment and relief were the most significant aspects experienced by the adolescents, along with perceived increase of calmness and world connection, satisfaction in interpersonal communication and better emotional expression and regulation. The mask technique was experienced as a playful and engaging task that facilitated insight and interpersonal communication. Findings provide preliminary evidence on the clinical utility of mask-based psychodrama with adolescents. (shrink)

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Este artículo refleja el estado de la cuestión de las correspondencias conceptuales, formales, lingüísticas y sociopolíticas del ensayo fílmico / audiovisual respecto a los cánones del ensayo literario. Resume los aportes teóricos esenciales en ambos campos. La exploración descifra cómo unos patrones de base permanecen idénticos por compartir una misma raíz en la experiencia reflexionada por el sujeto, pero su traslación al medio audiovisual, aun manteniendo una indudable convivencia de equivalencias, da cuenta de diferencias lingüísticas relativas a las propiedades de (...) un dispositivo complejo, también determinantes para la evidencia mayor o menor de unos rasgos dados. Aunque las nuevas tecnologías ponen en alza la manifestación de la subjetividad, faltan estudios orientados hacia la incidencia de estas sobre la construcción del texto ensayístico y sus efectos sociales. Como efecto de este vacío, las referencias canónicas para analizar las correspondencias entre ambas manifestaciones no parecen contemplar experiencias de cinematografías periféricas ni profundizar en prácticas experimentales que dieran respuesta a lo anterior. (shrink)

The phenomenological reading of psychoanalysis undertook by Michel Henry is surprising in several ways. By inscribing Freud in the philosophical lineage and by affirming that his theses on the unconscious take over (resume), ignoring it, two opposite movements of western metaphysics, Henry intends to show that psychoanalysis has to overcome the primacy of representation in order to get rid of the contradictions that traverse it and that make it a prisoner of a philosophy of consciousness. Without fully rejecting the Freudian (...) theory, the author of the Genealogy of Psychoanalysis reformulates the meaning of the meta-psychological notions according to his theses on the cogito, subjectivity and the auto-affection of the living. In this article we retraced the stakes of this redefinition of drives, affect and the unconscious considering his reflexions on repression. (shrink)