In general, stimuli that are familiar and recognizable have an advantage of predominance during binocular rivalry. Recent research has demonstrated that familiar and recognizable stimuli such as upright faces and words in a native language could break interocular suppression faster than their matched controls. In this study, a visible word prime was presented binocularly then replaced by a high-contrast dynamic noise pattern presented to one eye and either a semantically related or unrelated word was introduced to the other eye. We (...) measured how long it took for target words to break from suppression. To investigate word-parts priming, a second experiment also included word pairs that had overlapping subword fragments. Results from both experiments consistently show that semantically related words and words that shared subword fragments were faster to gain dominance compared to unrelated words, suggesting that words, even when interocularly suppressed and invisible, can benefit from semantic and subword priming. (shrink)

A multiracial, socioeconomically diverse sample of 45 lesbians describe power relations in both satisfactory and problematic health care encounters with physicians. Whether doctors act in solidarity or dominate them is pivotal to lesbians' health care experiences. Solidarity means compassionate competence, empowering information exchange, and negotiated action. Domination takes form in the withholding of information, doomsaying, defensive dismissals, sexist comments, body sculpting, reproductive regulation, and bodily transgression.

Despite the fact that a number of economists and philosophers of late defend insider trading both as a viable and useful practice in a free market and as not immoral, I shall question the value of insider trading both from a moral and an economic point of view. I shall argue that insider trading both in its present illegal form and as a legalized market mechanism undermines the efficient and proper functioning of a free market, thereby bringing into question its (...) own raison d'etre. It does so and is economically inefficient for the very reason that it is immoral. Thus this practice cannot be justified either from an economic or a moral point of view. Insider trading is the reverse of speculation. It is reward without risk, wealth generated — and injury done to others — by an unfair advantage in information ... [T]he core principle is clear: no one should profit from exploitation of important information not available to the public. (shrink)

I analyze the extent to which classical phase transitions, both first order and continuous, pose a challenge for intertheoretic reduction. My contention is that phase transitions are compatible with a notion of reduction that combines Nagelian reduction and what Thomas Nickles called Reduction2. I also argue that, even if the same approach to reduction applies to both types of phase transitions, there is a crucial difference in their physical treatment: in addition to the thermodynamic limit, in continuous phase transitions there (...) is a second infinite limit involved, which marks an important difference in the reduction of first-order and continuous phase transitions. (shrink)

Este artigo apresenta uma revisão de literatura, que possui como objetivo investigar como o fenômeno corpolatria está inserido em publicações científicas. Teve como lócus três portais de buscas (Scielo, Portal de Periódicos da CAPES e Google Acadêmico) e recorte temporal de 2012 a 2021. Os dados foram analisados qualitativamente, no qual, averiguou-se a conceituação de corpolatria destacada na literatura e o local de origem dos estudos. A partir dos resultados, inferiu-se que a temática ainda é incipiente entre os pesquisadores brasileiros, (...) embora haja boa distribuição geográfica dos estudos. Percebeu-se que corpolatria é uma patologia da modernidade, caracterizada pelo culto exagerado do corpo, referendada como uma espécie de ditadura corporal, estabelecida pelo discurso do corpo perfeito. Disseminada pela mídia, pelas redes sociais e pela sociedade, caracteriza-se como uma patologia social à medida que causa mal-estar social, pois pode gerar consequências físicas, transtornos psicológicos e insegurança. (shrink)

Sintetiza parte da pesquisa que a autora vem desenvolvendo sobre a possibilidade de ministrar conteúdos lógicos sob um viés essencialmente informal. Por conseguinte, procura fundamentar a importância da inclusão de conceitos de lógica no Ensino Médio.

The global expansion of free enterprise has been underway for some time, and the challenges for global companies are well‐known. Companies often operate in economically blighted communities and in corrupt environments without a rule of law. At the same time Western‐based global corporations are under increasing public pressure to take on responsibilities to these communities that are often beyond their expertise or economic purview. For example, at the 2008 Davos meetings Bill Gates proposed the idea of “creative capitalism, challenging business (...) to ‘meet the needs of the poor in ways that generate profits’...” In what follows I shall argue that while there have been many successful global ventures, the Gates’ challenge requires academics and managerial leaders to rethink their mind sets and expand their thinking about what we mean by globalization, poverty, and the multiple dimensions of free enterprise. (shrink)

Cet article explore la signification de l’espace comme un « lieu pratiqué » selon la notion reprise à Michel de Certeau, en examinant la construction d’un gymnase et ses effets sur les relations sociales et les réseaux disciplinaires. Tout comme le laboratoire ou le théâtre, le gymnase a été spécifiquement pensé pour permettre certaines actions et en témoigner, en reflétant des conceptions de l’entraînement et de l’éducation corporelle. Ses divers agencements de l’espace y favorisent une incorporation de la race, du (...) lieu, du genre et de l’identité. Le War Memorial Gymnasium de l’Université de Colombie britannique dans l’Ouest du Canada, construit en 1851, est utilisé pour illustrer la manière dont, sous des formes complexes, les géométries du pouvoir – ces multiples configurations de l’espace et des relations sociales à l’intérieur et autour du gymnase – produisent dans ses murs une culture didactique et sportive aux enjeux véritablement stratégiques et tactiques, qui active et articule les division de genre. (shrink)

How does Kant understand the representation of an empirical self? For Kant, the sources of the representation must be both a priori and a posteriori. Several scholars claim that the a priori part of the ‘self’ representation is supplied by the category of ‘substance,’ either a regular substance (Andrew Chignell), a minimal substance (Karl Ameriks) or a substance analog (Katharina Kraus). However, Kant opens the Paralogisms chapter by announcing that there is a thirteenth ‘transcendental’ concept or category: “We now come (...) to a concept that was not entered in the above general list of transcendental concepts, and that must yet be classed with them … This is the concept – or, if one prefers, the judgment – I think.” (A341/B399). I argue that it is the ‘I think’ that provides the a priori framework for the representation of the empirical self. (shrink)

El objetivo de este artículo es comprender las prácticas y percepciones de las navegadoras de pacientes con sospecha o diagnóstico de cáncer de mama en cuatro hospitales públicos argentinos respecto del uso de las tecnologías de información y comunicación en su tarea cotidiana. En el sistema de navegación de CM, la navegadora acompaña a las pacientes para evitar o superar barreras de acceso a la línea de cuidado del CM, buscando lograr diagnóstico, atención y tratamiento en tiempos óptimos. El abordaje (...) metodológico de la investigación aquí presentada es cualitativo con un diseño descriptivo y exploratorio. Se realizaron entrevistas y observaciones participantes. Entre otros hallazgos, observamos que los déficits estructurales de las TIC en los servicios de salud estudiados obstaculizan el desarrollo de la navegación y refuerzan rechazos y desconfianza a su utilización en las navegadoras estudiadas. A pesar de ello, las TIC se instalan progresivamente en la navegación de pacientes con CM. (shrink)

The Blackwell Encyclopedic Dictionary of Business Ethics provides clear, concise and highly informative definitions and explanations of the key concepts in one of the most important fields in contemporary business.

In theCitizens United v. Federal Election Commission(2010) decision, the Supreme Court rendered an opinion verifying the legality of unions and corporations to spend funds from theirgeneral treasuriesto finance independent expenditures related to political and electioneering communications. Such speech and communications are constitutionally protected by the First Amendment, according to Justice Kennedy, who wrote the majority opinion (558 U.S. 22, 2010). The dissenting opinion questioned whether such rights should accrue to corporations, since corporations differ from constitutionally‐protected “natural persons” (dissent, 558 U.S. (...) 50 at 2, 2010; Johnson2011). The decision ignited a firestorm of controversy, which renewed interest in the legal concept of corporate personhood.This article reviews key findings in theCitizens United v. FECcase, then describes the historical, legal, and theoretical concepts of corporate personhood with the goal of unbundling the nuanced consequences of the majority and dissenting opinions of theCitizens United v. FECcase. The analysis then turns to a shareholder perspective, with particular emphasis on the implications for shareholders’ rights and responsibilities. It concludes with an exploration of options available to shareholders concerned about how to respond when a corporation uses its resources to communicate political opinions at odds with their own. (shrink)

Not every philosopher engages in personal reflection, and many who reflect would not count themselves philosophers. For this writer, "narrative " is the natural expression of reflection. This paper traces the origins of a philosophical standpoint that exists outside of the conventional discourses of philosophy. Informed by feminist writing on "the other," it suggests that by revisiting two archetypal figures in Greek mythology previously discussed in PCW (Thompson 1996; 1998), it may be possible to discern two mutually defining "ways of (...) seeing" and two "ways of knowing " that are complementary, but not necessarily confined by gender. Based on a reconceptualization of the ancient Greek oikos and polls, the proposed paradigm describes two mutually defining systems of action - the Hestian (domestic) and the Hermean (civic) that co-exist and co-emerge in everyday life. (shrink)

The most serious ethical challenge facing multinational corporations in the next century is their exportation of the mental model of Western-style capitalism. This model promises that industrialized free enterprise in a free trade global economy, where businesses and entrepreneurs can pursue their interests competitively without undue regulations or labor restrictions, will produce growth and well-being, i.e., economic good, in every country or community where this phenomenon is allowed to operate. This paper points to some limitations to this model and illustrates (...) how multinational corporations might meet this challenge. (shrink)

The article, Inside Trading Revisited, has taken the stance that insider trading is neither unethical nor economically inefficient. Attacking my arguments to the contrary developed in an earlier article, The Ethics of Inside Trading (Journal of Business Ethics, 1989) this article constructs careful arguments and even appeals to Adam Smith to justify its conclusions. In my response to this article I shall clarify my position as well as that of Smith to support my counter-contention that insider trading is both unethical (...) and inefficient. (shrink)

Sont éditées et présentées 24 lettres de Bergson à Salomon Reinach. Outre l'intérêt biographique de cette correspondance, on y trouve trois lettres au moins offrant un véritable intérêt philosophique : une présentation par Bergson de la philosophie de William James et deux lettres sur des aspects de sa propre philosophie, suscitées par la préparation et la parution des Lettres à Zoé. Twenty-four letters from Bergson to Salomon Reinach are edited and presented here. Besides the biographical interest of this correspondence, at (...) least three letters offer a real philosophical interest: a presentation by Bergson of William James's philosophy and two letters on aspects of his own philosophy, prompted by the preparation and the publication of Lettres à Zoé, a book on history of philosophy by Reinach. (shrink)

WARD Joseph Joubert and the Critical Tradition Platonism and Romanticism LIBRAIRIE DROZ SA 11, rue Massot GENEVE 1980 ...

Historique mais parfois perdue de vue, la place de l’économie sociale et solidaire (ESS) dans le secteur agricole connaît un regain d’intérêt et d’actualité dans le cadre des transitions en cours. La transition alimentaire illustre tout particulièrement le rôle renouvelé et innovant des acteurs de l’ESS pour contribuer aux enjeux de réduction des impacts environnementaux de la production alimentaire tout en œuvrant en faveur d’une reconquête de la valeur ajoutée pour les territoires. Les projets alimentaires territoriaux, dynamiques systémiques à l’échelle (...) locale, sont les outils de ces stratégies multi-acteurs qui donnent une large place aux acteurs de l’ESS. Les pouvoirs publics accompagnent ces démarches qui misent davantage sur la coopération que sur la mise en concurrence, tout en n’abandonnant pas complètement la logique concurrentielle libérale. Cet article décrit ces dynamiques multiples en cours et insiste sur le rôle clef des expérimentations et des volontés politiques locales pour accélérer les transitions. (shrink)