BackgroundConcerns about decision making related to resuscitation have led to two important challenges in the courts resulting in new legal precedents for decision-making practice. Systematic research investigating the experiences of doctors involved in decisions about resuscitation in light of the recent changes in law remains lacking.AimTo analyse the practice of resuscitation decision making on hospital wards from the perspectives of doctors.DesignThe data presented in this paper were collected as part of a wider research study of end-of-life care in an acute (...) hospital setting. Data collection comprised ethnographic non-participant observation on two acute hospital wards and individual interviews with patients, relatives and healthcare professionals caring for patients thought to be approaching the end of life. Data were analysed using a constructivist grounded theory approach.ResultsDiscussions and decision making about resuscitation present many challenges for those involved on acute medical wards. The data highlight the potential for multiple interpretations of legal precedents, creating misunderstandings that may impact patient care in less positive ways.ConclusionsThis paper provides unique insights into how doctors respond to the changing medico-legal culture and the subsequent effects on patient care. It demonstrates how the juridification of medical practice can occur. It highlights the potential benefit of a structure to support clinicians, patients and relatives in discussing and navigating decisions around care at the end of life in line with the patient’s wishes and preferences. Recommendations for future research are made and legal ramifications are discussed. (shrink)

Realiza-se aqui uma análise da obra literária A Paixão Segundo G.H. (1964), de Clarice Lispector, a partir do viés filosófico existencialista, desenvolvido por Jean-Paul Sartre em sua obra O Ser e o Nada: Ensaio de Ontologia Fenomenológico (1943). Assim sendo, a obra que será objeto de estudo acompanha a jornada existencial da personagem G.H. em busca de sua própria identidade. Nesse sentido, utiliza-se aqui a teoria existencialista ateísta de Sartre, assim como o estudo realizado pelo filósofo paraense, Benedito Nunes, (...) que buscou averiguar toda a filosofia metafísica no conjunto da obra de Clarice Lispector, em seu livro Leitura de Clarice Lispector (1973) e o Drama da Linguagem: uma leitura de Clarice Lispector (1989). Por fim, o presente texto tem como objetivo averiguar as atitudes de má-fé executadas pela personagem, analisar a Angústia que intercala com sua Náusea existencial, expressados pela linguagem única de Lispector. (shrink)

Este artigo apresenta uma discussão sobre as condutas metodológicas adotadas na pesquisa pragmática. São analisadas posições que vão dos trabalhos seminais do filósofo Paul Grice àquelas assumidas por pesquisadores de tendência neogriceana e pós-griceana, levando em conta os modos filosófico e científico de construir e avaliar teorias, bem como a estreita relação entre as opções metodológicas e os pressupostos teóricos da pesquisa. Como conclusão, chega-se ao reconhecimento da necessidade de se adotar uma postura francamente pluralista quanto à questão do (...) método, mas que não deve ser confundida com um mero anarquismo metodológico. (shrink)

A teoria da implicatura constitui o principal legado de Paul Grice aos modernos estudos da pragmática linguística. Embora associado à filosofia da linguagem ordinária, seu pensamento não se apresenta marcado pela aversão à sistematização teórica que, segundo se diz, caracterizou essa corrente filosófica. Pelo contrário, a obra do filósofo inglês, apesar de dispersa em artigos só postumamente reunidos em livro, constitui um esforço coerente e rigoroso de analisar os princípios que explicam o comportamento racional do homem. Este ensaio oferece (...) uma tentativa de interpretação da análise que ele propôs para o fenômeno da implicatura, buscando integrar tal análise, progressivamente, ao quadro mais geral de sua filosofia da linguagem e de sua psicologia filosófica. De passagem, é sugerida uma aproximação, quanto aos propósitos, entre o programa filosófico de Grice e certa ensaística crítica do poeta argentino Jorge Luis Borges, sugestão talvez surpreendente, mas que pode se mostrar instrutiva. (shrink)

하루 10분, 나를 변화시키는 짧고 깊은 생각 고전문헌학자 배철현의 인문 에세이 ◎ 도서 소개 베스트셀러 『심연』 『수련』 『정적』 『승화』 4부작 완결판! 승화, 더 높은 차원의 삶을 산다는 것 자신의 마음을 변화시킬 수 없는 사람은 그 무엇도 바꿀 수 없다. 내가 바라는 나 자신이 되기 위해 오늘 어떤 생각을 하고 어떤 행동을 할 것인가! 고전문헌학자 배철현의 인문 에세이 시리즈 중 마지막 책인 『승화』는, 흔들리는 삶 속에서 나를 지켜내기 위한 성찰의 방법을 이야기한다. 저자는 ‘흠모하는 나 자신으로 살고 있는가’라는 질문을 마음에 새긴 하루는 (...) 어제와 다를 것이라고 말한다. ‘승화’란 더 나은 자신을 위해 혁신하려는 용기를 갖는 삶의 태도다. 단어의 어원과 개념 속에서 숨은 의미를 발굴해 풀어내는 저자의 문장들은, 삶의 의미를 찾고 싶은 사람들에게 소중한 매뉴얼이 되어줄 것이다. ◎ 출판사 서평 산다는 것은 매일 천천히 태어나는 과정이다 이대로 살 것인가, 내가 바라는 삶을 살 것인가 『승화』는 『심연』(2016), 『수련』(2018), 『정적』(2019)을 거쳐 완성한 인문 에세이 4부작의 마지막 책이다. 자신의 ‘심연’에서 내면의 소리를 듣고, 삶의 군더더기와 같은 불필요한 생각을 버리는 ‘수련’을 한 후, 평정심을 위한 마음의 ‘정적’을 지니고 나면 비로소 만나는 단계가 ‘승화’다. ‘승화’는 지금의 삶보다 더 높은 차원의 삶을 추구하려는 마음을 뜻한다. ‘승화’는 아무런 유혹도 시련도 없는 완성된 상태가 아니다. 이전에는 보이지 않던 더 높은 정상을 발견한 후 생기는 겸허한 마음이다. 마치 동네 야산의 정상에 오른 사람이 그 산보다 높은 산의 존재가 있다는 것을 깨닫고 겸손한 마음을 지니게 되는 것과 같다. 이때 필요한 질문이 “내가 바라는 나는 무엇인가”, “나는 나 자신을 흠모하며 살고 있는가”이다. 저자는 다른 사람과의 관계가 아니라 ‘자기-자신’과의 관계를 새롭게 정의하려는 노력이 필요하다고 말한다. 변화는 삶의 가치와 방향을 외부가 아닌 자기 내부에 두는 것에서 시작한다. 어제와 달라질 오늘의 자기 자신에 대한 신뢰, 지속적으로 자신을 혁신하려는 용기 있는 도전이 일상의 변화를 만든다. 자기 성찰을 돕는 28개의 단어 사유의 정수가 응축된 인생의 아포리즘 이 책은 공허, 고통, 양심, 내면, 변모, 미지 등 28개의 글로 이루어져 있다. 각각의 단어는 자기 자신을 변화시키는 길잡이이기도 하다. 고전문헌학자인 저자는 산스크리트어, 히브리어, 라틴어 등 고대 언어에서 어원을 찾아 숨은 뜻을 발굴해내고 새롭게 재구성했다. 또한 『요가수트라』, 『우파니샤드』와 같은 잘 알려지지 않은 경전에서부터 단테, 소포클레스, 아우렐리우스 등의 고전에 대한 깊이 있는 해석은 시대와 학문의 경계를 넘어 사유의 정수를 느끼게 한다. 나아가 저자가 시골 생활을 하며 느낀 자연에 대한 묵상이 어우러져 삶의 본질에 대한 묵직한 울림을 준다. [주요 문장] - 오늘 나는 누구와 또 무엇과 부딪칠까? 내 머릿속 어떤 생각들과 만나 어떻게 반응할까? 나는 오늘 내가 그것들을 어떻게 처리하는지를 관찰하고 싶다. - 하루의 마무리는 저녁이 아니라 아침에 완성된다. 아침을 어떻게 보내느냐에 따라 하루의 질이 결정된다. - 자신의 일에 몰입하면 우주의 주인인 시간조차 달아나버린다. 자기 자신에게 몰입하는 사람은 시간에게 자신을 양보하지 않는다. - 하루라는 시간은 흠모하는 나를 만들기 위한 훈련이다. 훈련은 과거의 나로 주저앉히는 게으름과 욕심에 대한 체계적인 공격이다. 변화란 내가 나에게 하는 간절한 부탁이다 나는 오늘, 나에게 무엇을 당부할 것인가 일상에서 부딪히는 벽은 방해물이 아니라 내가 극복해야 할 유일한 길이다. 하지만 극복의 결과는 미미할 수 있음을 기억해야 한다. 불안한 일상은 변함없을 것이기 때문이다. 그럼에도 무의미와 모순으로 가득해 보이는 삶을 있는 그대로 수용하고, 오늘 하루를 인생의 마지막 날처럼 정성스럽게 살려는 노력만이 우리가 할 수 있는 최선일 것이라고 저자는 말한다. 이른 아침 혹은 잠들기 전, 하루 10분씩이라도 책에서 소개하는 단어들을 삶의 일부로 받아들인다면 조용한 변화가 일어나는 것을 경험할 수 있을 것이다. 내가 발견해야 할 별은 도달할 수 없는 먼 하늘에 있지 않다. 그 별은 눈을 감고 자신의 마음을 들여다볼 때 비로소 보이는 원석이기 때문이다. 그 원석은 지금도 발견되기만을 기다리고 있다. ◎ 본문 중에서 현대 문명은 키르케고르가 말한 “죽음에 이르는 병”처럼 영적인 병에 걸려 외로움이라는 늪에 빠져 있다. 우리는 그 안에 갇혀 심연에 묻어둔 금기된 악을 분출하고 있는 것인가? (…) 오늘날 우리를 이 늪에서 건져낼 가치는 무엇인가? [공허, 자신을 관찰하는 터전 : 32쪽] 어리석은 자는 그런 역경을 상상한 적이 없다. 그는 모든 것들이 자기 생각대로 ‘순조롭게’ 흘러갈 거라고 착각한다. 우주와 자연은 인간의 상상대로 돌아가는 법이 없다. 인간의 생각은 언제나 부족하고 편협하기 때문이다. [고통, 생명의 존재 방식 : 40쪽] 오늘 하루, 내가 가야 할 방향을 지시하는 ‘또 다른 나’와 마주한다. 부산한 일과 생각을 정지시키고 나만의 제단에서 가만히 눈을 감는다. 묵상이란 좌정과 몰입을 방해하기 위해 계속 짖어대는 사납고 무시무시한 한 마리 검은 개 앞에서도 꿈쩍하지 않는 개다. [도야, 나만의 임무 : 116쪽] 요즘처럼 속절없이 흐르는 시간이 야속하기도 하고 아쉽기도 한 적이 없다. 나 자신에게 무언가를 요구하지만, 그것에 잘 부응하지 못하는 것 같아 늘 아쉽다. 그 아쉬움을 방치하면 소홀과 게으름이 나를 꼼짝달싹 못 하게 붙들고 깊은 실의의 늪으로 데려간다. [신중, 허상으로부터의 탈출 : 161쪽] 우리가 사는 세상은 베이스캠프다. 우리는 이곳에서 영원히 살 수 없다. 인간은 탐구하고 모험하고 자신이 가진 잠재력의 한계를 팽창시키려 시도할 때, 비로소 대중에서 개인으로, 범인에서 초인으로, 동물적 인간에서 신적 인간으로 승화한다. [안내, 인생이라는 베이스캠프 : 211쪽] 침묵한 채 자족하는 나무들을 내려다보았다. 모두 자기 모습 그대로의 품위를 지키며 순간을 즐기고 있다. 옆에 있는 나무를 쳐다보지도 부러워하지도 시기하지도 않는다. 나무들이 나에게 묻는다. “당신은 당신입니까?” [자기문화, 개화를 기다리는 인내 : 221쪽] 변화는 누구에게 요구하는 폭력이 아니라 자신에게 부탁하는 정중한 초대이며, 그 변화를 이루기 위해 의도하는 섬세한 연습이다. 당신은 지금 누군가를 변화시키려 하고 있지는 않은가? 아니면 자신을 변화의 대상으로 삼아 변화하는 중인가? [변화, 나에게 보내는 정중한 초대 : 281쪽]. (shrink)

日本思想史上での宣長再評価に向けて。『古事記伝』は『古事記』の解釈を通して、宣長による新たな神話を成立させたテキストであった。つくり出された“古事記”はいかなる物語となったのか。『古事記伝』の読みが『 古事記』と最も乖離している箇所「外国“とつくに”」に着目し。ひるがえって、自国日本に対して用いた語「皇国“みくに”」の意味を追究する。神について語る『古事記』を、人に適用して読もうとした『古事記伝』の 本質が明らかになる。.

This paper investigates whether corporate philanthropic decisions are associated with a firm’s listing status and business group affiliation. Analyzing a large sample of public and private firms in Korea, we find that public firms make more charitable contributions than private firms and business group-affiliated firms make more charitable contributions than non-affiliated firms. The results suggest that public firms, owing to greater public scrutiny, and business groups, owing to higher political costs, are encouraged to make more corporate charitable contributions. Further, we (...) find that greater corporate giving by public firms than private firms is more pronounced for business group-affiliated firms, compared with non-affiliated firms. The result is consistent with business groups’ strategic coordination of their affiliates’ philanthropic decisions to tunnel business group resources out to controlling shareholders who hold a larger portion of private affiliates than public affiliates. (shrink)

Purpose:To test the hypothesis that supernatural agents appear in nightmares and dreams in association with evidence of diminished agency within the dreamer/dream ego.Methods:Content analyses of 120 nightmares and 71 unpleasant control dream narratives.Results:We found that SAs overtly occur in about one quarter of unpleasant dreams and about half of nightmares. When SAs appear in a dream or nightmare they are reliably associated with diminished agency in the dreamer. Diminished agency within the dreamer occurs in over 90% of dreams that have (...) overt SAs. In about half of nightmare reports the SA appears suddenly with no clear emergence pattern. In some two thirds of unpleasant dreams, however, the SA emerged from a human character. The SA’s gender was indeterminate in most dreams with SAs but the SA communicated with the dreamer in 24% of nightmares and only 13% of unpleasant dreams. In most nightmares, the SA intended to harm the dreamer and in one third of nightmares the dreamer was the victim of physical agression by the SA. SA intentions in unpleasant dreams were more varied and actually benign in 13% of cases.Conclusion:Supernatural agents reliably appear in nightmares and unpleasant dreams in association with diminished agency in the dreamer. Diminished agency in an individual may facilitate supernatural agent cognitions. (shrink)

In some previous work, I tried to give a concept-based account of the nature of our entitlement to certain very basic inferences (see the papers in Part III of Boghossian 2008b). In this previous work, I took it for granted, along with many other philosophers, that we understood well enough what it is for a person to infer. In this paper, I turn to thinking about the nature of inference itself. This topic is of great interest in its own right (...) and surprisingly understudied by philosophers. A correct understanding of inference promises to shed light on a number of important topics. In particular, it threatens to undermine the sort of concept-based story about entitlement to which I had previously been attracted. (shrink)

Eliminative materialism is the thesis that our common-sense conception of psychological phenomena constitutes a radically false theory, a theory so fundamentally defective that both the principles and the ontology of that theory will eventually be displaced, rather than smoothly reduced, by completed neuroscience. Our mutual understanding and even our introspection may then be reconstituted within the conceptual framework of completed neuroscience, a theory we may expect to be more powerful by far than the common-sense psychology it displaces, and more substantially (...) integrated within physical science generally. My purpose in this paper is to explore these projections, especially as they bear on (1) the principal elements of common-sense psychology: the propositional attitudes (beliefs, desires, etc.), and (2) the conception of rationality in which these elements figure. (shrink)

"First published in this translation 1955; second edition (revised) 1974; reprinted with additional revisions 1987; reissued with new Further Reading 2003; reissued with new introduction 2007"--T.p. verso.

Dieses historische Buch kann zahlreiche Tippfehler und fehlende Textpassagen aufweisen. Kaufer konnen in der Regel eine kostenlose eingescannte Kopie des originalen Buches vom Verleger herunterladen (ohne Tippfehler). Ohne Indizes. Nicht dargestellt. 1910 edition. Auszug:...endliche als durch sie erzeugt; oder diese in jener involviert und aus ihr sich evolvierend. Der wahre Erzeuger der endlichen Grosse ist nicht die unendlichkleine" Grosse (das Unendlichkleine ware dem Grossenwert nach vielmehr Null), sondern es ist das Gesetz der Grosse (als Veranderlicher), das man sich nun wie (...) in einen Punkt zusammengezogen, d. h. fur den einzelnen Punkt ausgedruckt, oder an einer endlichen Erstreckung sich darstellend denken kann, das aber dem letzten Sachgehalt nach dasselbe ist fur den Punkt und die endliche Erstreckung, wenn es auch in Bezug auf beide verschiedene, im allgemeinen auseinander ableitbare Ausdrucke erhalten muss. Da aber die endliche Grosse uberhaupt von Punkt zu Punkt entstehend (d. h. veranderlich) gedacht wird, so ist insofern der punktuelle, d. h. infinitesimale Ausdruck der fundamentale, aus dem der extensionale gleichsam erst hervorwachst. Die Differenz entsteht eben von der Null an; nicht aus ihr; aus Null wird keine extensive Grosse; wohl aber von der Null, d. h. dem Nichtsein dessen, was werden soll, oder ganz schlicht1) vom Ausgangs wert an; woraus? Aus dem Gesetz; eine andere Antwort ist nicht zu geben und nicht zu verlangen. Durch dies Gesetz aber ist die Grosse als Eines, Identisches, im Unterschied von den sukzessiven Grossenwerten, also in ihrem Gattungsausdruck definiert. i) Vgl. oben S. 122. Fragt man also: wie soll aus der Null gewordenen, verschwundenen" Grosse die endliche Grosse wiederentstehen? so ist zu antworten: die Grosse zwar (yuantitas). (shrink)

JOURNAL OF THE HISTORY OF PHILOSOPHY PRIZE for the best published book in the history of philosophy [Awarded in 2010] _______________ -/- Although it is widely recognized that David Hume's A Treatise of Human Nature (1739-40) belongs among the greatest works of philosophy, there is little agreement about the correct way to interpret his fundamental intentions. It is an established orthodoxy among almost all commentators that skepticism and naturalism are the two dominant themes in this work. The difficulty has been, (...) however, that Hume's skeptical arguments and commitments appear to undermine and discredit his naturalistic ambition to contribute to "the science of man". This schism appears to leave his entire project broken-backed. The solution to this riddle depends on challenging another, closely related, point of orthodoxy: namely, that before Hume published the Treatise he removed almost all material concerned with problems of religion. Russell argues, contrary to this view, that irreligious aims and objectives are fundamental to the Treatise and account for its underlying unity and coherence. It is Hume's basic anti-Christian aims and objectives that serve to shape and direct both his skeptical and naturalistic commitments. When Hume's arguments are viewed from this perspective we can solve, not only puzzles arising from his discussion of various specific issues, we can also explain the intimate and intricate connections that hold his entire project together. This "irreligious" interpretation provides a comprehensive fresh account of the nature of Hume's fundamental aims and ambitions in the Treatise. It also presents a radically different picture of the way in which Hume's project was rooted in the debates and controversies of his own time, placing the Treatise in an irreligious or anti-Chrisitan philosophical tradition that includes Hobbes, Spinoza and freethinking followers. Considered in these terms, Hume's Treatise constitutes the crowning achievement of the Radical Enlightenment. (shrink)

A study of how syntax relates to meaning by a leader of the new generation of philosopher-linguists.

We investigate corporate giving behaviors of prestigious business award winners in Korea. In particular, we examine whether firms strategically use corporate giving to enhance corporate reputation. We find that award winners generally make more charitable contributions than nonwinners prior to winning awards and maintain significant charitable contributions after winning awards; multiple award winners make even more charitable contributions than single-award winners; and an increase in charitable contributions does not raise the probability of winning awards in the year after the increase. (...) The results suggest that CEOs of award-winning firms do not use corporate giving opportunistically to enhance their status and reputation. Rather, significant charitable contributions by award winners may be indicative of a sound business strategy to maximize long-term firm value. (shrink)

The twentieth century has witnessed an unprecedented 'crisis in the foundations of mathematics', featuring a world-famous paradox, a challenge to 'classical' mathematics from a world-famous mathematician, a new foundational school, and the profound incompleteness results of Kurt Gödel. In the same period, the cross-fertilization of mathematics and philosophy resulted in a new sort of 'mathematical philosophy', associated most notably with Bertrand Russell, W. V. Quine, and Gödel himself, and which remains at the focus of Anglo-Saxon philosophical discussion. The present collection (...) brings together in a convenient form the seminal articles in the philosophy of mathematics by these and other major thinkers. It is a substantially revised version of the edition first published in 1964 and includes a revised bibliography. The volume will be welcomed as a major work of reference at this level in the field. (shrink)

In this chapter, we analyze the relationships between the Internet and its users in terms of situated cognition theory. We first argue that the Internet is a new kind of cognitive ecology, providing almost constant access to a vast amount of digital information that is increasingly more integrated into our cognitive routines. We then briefly introduce situated cognition theory and its species of embedded, embodied, extended, distributed and collective cognition. Having thus set the stage, we begin by taking an embedded (...) cognition view and analyze how the Internet aids certain cognitive tasks. After that, we conceptualize how the Internet enables new kinds of embodied interaction, extends certain aspects of our embodiment, and examine how wearable technologies that monitor physiological, behavioral and contextual states transform the embodied self. On the basis of the degree of cognitive integration between a user and Internet resource, we then look at how and when the Internet extends our cognitive processes. We end this chapter with a discussion of distributed and collective cognition as facilitated by the Internet. (shrink)

This study examines the relationship between corporate commitment to business ethics and financial reporting quality. We posit that companies with a higher level of ethical commitment exhibit better quality financial reporting than those with a lower level of ethical commitment. Consistent with our prediction, we find that companies with a higher level of ethical commitment are engaged in less earnings management, report earnings more conservatively, and predict future cash flows more accurately than those with a lower level of ethical commitment. (...) We also find that corporate commitment to business ethics has perpetuating effects on future financial reporting quality. (shrink)

Este artigo tem por objetivo compreender o papel representado pelo conceito de conatus na filosofia de Baruch de Spinoza. Partindo da leitura da da Ética III buscaremos reconstruir a teoria da afetividade postulada pelo filósofo para demonstrar como a noção de conatus opera ao mesmo tempo como perseveração na existência e afirmação do desejo. O passo posterior será projetar uma unidade entre o existir e o desejar como a base para o correto entendimento da concepção de liberdade desenvolvida por Spinoza (...) na parte V de sua Ética. (shrink)

Anísio, Anísios Teixeira: um educador no Museu do Homem do Nordeste traz ao público leitor o pensamento, a atuação e a influência de um dos personagens mais instigantes da cultura brasileira do século XX, o educador Anísio Teixeira (1900-1971). Através da criação da escola Experimental do Recife ligada ao Centro Regional de Pesquisas Educacionais de Pernambuco, Anísio Teixeira teve uma intensa participação na história do então Instituto Joaquim Nabuco de Pesquisas Sociais, hoje Fundação Joaquim Nabuco. Com artigos escritos por coordenaodres (...) do Museu do Homem do Nordeste da Fundaj, e também por alguns de seus educadores, este livro atualiza as influências e o papel que as ideias do educador baiano exercem na educação de jovens nos dias de hoje"--Provided by Publisher. (shrink)

The twentieth century has witnessed an unprecedented 'crisis in the foundations of mathematics', featuring a world-famous paradox (Russell's Paradox), a challenge to 'classical' mathematics from a world-famous mathematician (the 'mathematical intuitionism' of Brouwer), a new foundational school (Hilbert's Formalism), and the profound incompleteness results of Kurt Gödel. In the same period, the cross-fertilization of mathematics and philosophy resulted in a new sort of 'mathematical philosophy', associated most notably (but in different ways) with Bertrand Russell, W. V. Quine, and Gödel himself, (...) and which remains at the focus of Anglo-Saxon philosophical discussion. The present collection brings together in a convenient form the seminal articles in the philosophy of mathematics by these and other major thinkers. It is a substantially revised version of the edition first published in 1964 and includes a revised bibliography. The volume will be welcomed as a major work of reference at this level in the field. (shrink)

The first study of this ancient text in over 70 years, Rituals of the Way explores how the Xunzi influenced Confucianism and other Chinese philosophies through its emphasis on "the Way.".

Supporters of G.W.F. Hegel's philosophy have largely shied away from relating his logic to modern symbolic or mathematical approaches. While it has predominantly been the non-Greek discipline of algebra that has informed modern mathematical logic, philosopher Paul Redding argues that the approaches of Plato and Aristotle to logic were deeply shaped by the arithmetic and geometry of classical Greek culture. And by ignoring the fact that Hegel's logic also has this deep mathematical dimension, conventional Hegelians have missed some of (...) Hegel's greatest insights. In Conceptual Harmonies, Redding develops an account of Hegel's logic against a classical and modern historical background that is rarely considered. He stresses Hegel's attention to the Platonic background of Aristotle's original syllogistic and beyond. He then links these Platonic elements to Leibniz's modern revitalization of the logical tradition and then to new forms of algebraic geometry emerging in Hegel's lifetime. Redding thereby reestablishes aspects of Hegel's philosophy that are essential if Hegel is to be taken as a thinker relevant not only to contemporary philosophy, but also to current philosophical conceptions of logic. (shrink)

For over twenty years, Paul Weithman has explored the thought of John Rawls to ask how liberalism can secure the principled allegiance of those people whom Rawls called 'citizens of faith'. This volume brings together ten of his major essays, which reflect on the task and political character of political philosophy, the ways in which liberalism does and does not privatize religion, the role of liberal legitimacy in Rawls's theory, and the requirements of public reason. The essays reveal Rawls (...) as a thinker deeply engaged with political and existential questions that trouble citizens of faith, and explore how - in firm opposition to political realism - he tries to show that the possibility of liberal democracy and the natural goodness of humanity are objects of reasonable faith. The volume will be of interest to political philosophers, political theorists, moral theologians, and religious ethicists. (shrink)

A evolução dos meios de comunicação propiciou um massivo fluxo informacional, trazendo consigo alguns entraves. O fenômeno das fake news é produto dessa mudança na sociedade, afetando de diversas formas a vida das pessoas e inclusive a possibilidade de uma escolha plena e livre de influências, sua liberdade de expressão, pensamento e informação. Nesse contexto, este evento se torna gravoso para o nosso Estado Democrático, na medida que influencia o comportamento, as escolhas políticas, a conduta social e a solidez da (...) própria democracia. Diante do exposto, o objetivo do presente trabalho é refletir como as fake news interferem no Estado Democrático de Direito no Brasil e o deformam. Trata-se de uma revisão bibliográfica, documental e qualitativa. Propõe-se, por meio desse estudo, explicitar o que é esse fenômeno tão complexo das fake news e compreender as diversas formas de como ele pode afetar nosso sistema democrático, baseando-se nas ideias discursivas de Habermas. (shrink)

McNamara hypothesized that a 4-step sequential decentering process characterized the phenomenology of religious and spiritual experiences and was rooted in dreams and nightmares. We content analyzed 50 RSES, 50 dreams, and 50 nightmares for presence and ordering of elements of the decentering process. Thirty-six percent of RSES, 48% of dreams, and 44% of nightmares had all four decentering elements. The sense of success occurred most frequently in RSES and least frequently in nightmares. Conversely, diminishment of agency occurred least often in (...) RSES and most often in nightmares. For RSES 66% of instances of effort occurred, as hypothesized, after liminality and diminishment. We conclude that an orderly 4-step decentering process is reliably detectable in many, but not all, RSES, and that randomly ordered decentering elements occur abundantly in dreams and nightmares. (shrink)